1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 58 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles a
2、s England. (1)_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_ the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_ being classified as “English“.Even in England there are many
3、 (5)_ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_ there are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “ (9)_
4、“ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_ They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_ Northerners generally have hearty (13)_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshir
5、e, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_ at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound (16)_ by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often prono
6、unced in words in which it would be (17)_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_ as being more “fiery“ than the English. They ar
7、e (20)_ a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)Notes: fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。（A）In consequence（B） In brief（C） In general（D）In fact（A）confine（B） attach（C） refer（D）add（A）as（B） which（C） for（D）so（A）with（B） by（C） at（D）for（A）similarities（B） differences（C） certainties（D）features（A）factor（B） virt
8、ue（C） privilege（D）division（A）line（B） row（C） border（D）scale（A）who（B） when（C） though（D）for（A）wider（B） broader（C） rarer（D）scarcer（A）used（B） apt（C） possible（D）probable（A）perfect（B） notorious（C） superior（D）thorough（A）swiftly（B） promptly（C） immediately（D）quickly（A）appetites（B） tastes（C） interests（D）senses
9、（A）helpings（B） offerings（C） fillings（D）findings（A）designate（B） demonstrate（C） represent（D）reckon（A）delivered（B） denoted（C） depicted（D）defined（A）quiet（B） obscure（C） faint（D）silent（A）rather（B） still（C） somehow（D）even（A）rendered（B） thought（C） impressed（D）described（A）with（B） of（C） among（D）againstPart AD
10、irections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realiz
11、ed only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, arid that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically.
12、As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute“.We can safel
13、y say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model,
14、 lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying th
15、eir needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were det
16、ermined according to the “place“ appropriate to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes,
17、which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, a
18、nd hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circ
19、umstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.Notes:immutable 不可改变的。dualism 双重论。divergence 分歧，偏离。overlapping 部分重合、一致。time-honored 由来已久的。dichotomy 一分为
20、二，对立。sequester 使隔离。be caught up in 被缠住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia (琐事) of everyday things, unduly 过度地，不恰当地。21 It is only in recent years that we have recognized that _.（A）there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.（B） the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.（C） t
21、he different definitions of sexes bear on the development of culture.（D）the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.22 From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because _.（A）the change in sex roles is out of the question.（
22、B） womens lib has been going on for many years.（C） ideas about the roles of women have been changing.（D）the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles.23 The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was _.（A）preferable.（B） prevalent.（C） presumable.（D）preceden
23、t.24 According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that _.（A）female Passivity is natural.（B） men and women are physically identical.（C） men are born competitive and aggressive.（D）some different sex identity is acquired.25 According to the author, which of the following is the most imp
24、ortant reason for women to go to work?（A）Wish to claim their rights and freedom.（B） Ambition and self-fulfillment.（C） Financial incentives.（D）Desire for a social life.26 The Supreme Courts recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction in Americas banking opera
25、tion, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direction that could at last push Congress into framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to plan their future beyond the next court cas
26、e.The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy of the bank failures of the 1930s. The current high rate of bank failurehigher than at any time since the Great Depressionhas made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity is understand
27、able, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in todays telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial mark
28、ets. In trying to escape from this restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal laws and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acquis
29、ition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The house of Representatives banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sense, though limited, legislation
30、for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be re
31、garded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of Americas suitable banking legislation.26 The authors attitude towards the current banking laws is best described as one of _.（A）concerned dissatisfaction（B） tolerant disapproval（C） uncaring indifference（D）great admiration27 W
32、hich of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930s are still on the book?（A）The bank failures of the 1930s were caused by restrictive courts.（B） Banking has not changed in the past $0 years.（C） The banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been sugge
33、sted.（D）Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.28 The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be _.（A）gradual, so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger banks（B） postponed, until the con
34、sequences can be evaluated（C） immediate, because we cannot afford any more bank failures（D）accelerated, to Overcome legislative fear29 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?（A）The current banking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to be useful to todays banks.（
35、B） Although there are currently many bank failures, the nature of banking has not really changed that much.（C） Money center banks currently have too much power as compared with the regional banks.（D）Because current laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs, banks have been forced to take
36、 needless and dangerous risks.30 In the first sentence of Paragraph 2, “interpreting“ probably refers to _.（A）according to（B） explaining（C） carrying on（D）doing away31 It may turn out that the “digital divide“one of the most fashionable political slogans of recent years is largely fiction. As you wil
37、l recall, the argument went well beyond the unsurprising notion that the rich would own more computers than the poor. The disturbing part of the theory was that society was dividing itself into groups of technology “haves“ and “have-nots“ and that this segregation would, in turn, worsen already larg
38、e economic inequalities. It is this argument that is either untrue or wildly exaggerated.We should always have been suspicious. After all, computers have spread quickly because they have become cheaper to buy and easier to use. Falling prices and skill requirements suggest that the digital divide wo
39、uld spontaneously shrinkand so it has. Now, a new study further discredits the digital divide. The study, by economists David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, challenges the notion that computers have significantly worsened wage inequality. The logic of how this supposedly happens is
40、straightforward: computers raise the demand for high-skilled workers, increasing their wages. Meanwhile, computerizationby automating many routine tasksreduces the demand for low skilled workers and, thereby their wages. The gap between the two widens.Superficially, wage statistics support the theor
41、y. Consider the ratio between workers near the top of the wage distribution and those near the bottom. Computerization increased; so did the wage gap.But wait, point out Card and DiNardo. The trouble with blaming computers is that the worsening of inequality occurred primarily in the early 1980s. Wi
42、th computer use growing, the wage gap should have continued to expand, if it was being driven by a shifting demand for skills. Indeed, Card and DiNardo find much detailed evidence that contradicts the theory. They conclude that computerization does not explain “the rise in U.S. wage inequality in th
43、e last quarter of the 20th century.“The popular perception of computers impact on wages is hugely overblown. Lots of other influences count for as much, or more. The worsening of wage inequality in the early 1980s, for example, almost certainly reflected the deep 1981 1982 recession and the fall of
44、inflation. Companies found it harder to raise prices. To survive, they concluded that they had to hold down the wages of their least skilled, least mobile and youngest workers.The “digital divide“ suggested a simple solution (computers) for a complex problem (poverty). With more computer access, the
45、 poor could escape their lot. But computers never were the source of anyones poverty and, as for escaping, what people do for themselves matters more than what technology can do for them.31 It is generally believed that the digital divide is something（A）that is responsible for economic inequalities.
46、（B） deemed to be positive in poverty relief.（C） that results from falling computer prices.（D）getting worse because of the Internet.32 According to the author, the notion that computers are to blame for the wage gap is（A）quite insightful.（B） very contradictory.（C） rather shallow.（D）fairly illuminatin
47、g.33 The authors attitude toward the opinion held by Card and DiNardo is one of（A）reserved consent.（B） strong disapproval.（C） slight contempt.（D）enthusiastic support.34 The author seems to believe that widened wage gap can be attributed to（A）the impact of computers on routine work.（B） the delayed ef
48、fects in the early 1980s.（C） the complexity of poverty problem.（D）the narrowing of the digital divide.35 The purpose of the author in writing the text is（A）to advocate the elimination of poverty.（B） to justify the influence of the digital divide.（C） to democratize computer access today.（D）to expose
49、the myths of the digital divide.35 If men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women cant be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other befriends someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just cant be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts. “The belief that men and wo
