1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 100 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 If I ask you what constitutes “bad“ eating, the kind that leads to obesity and a variety of connected diseases, youre likely to an
2、swer, “Salt, fat and sugar.“ Yet thats not a(n)【C1】_ answer.We dont know everything about the dietary【C2】 _ to chronic disease, but the best-qualified people argue that real food is more likely to promote health and less likely to cause disease than hyper-processed food. And we can further【C3】_ that
3、 message: Minimally processed foodReal Foodshould【C4】_ our diets.Real food solves the salt / fat / sugar problem. Yes, excess salt may cause high blood pressure, and【C5 】_ sodium intake in people with high blood pressure helps. 【C6】 _ salt is only one of several risk factors in developing high blood
4、 pressure, and those who eat a diverse diet and few processed foods need not【C7】_ about salt intake. “Fat“ is a complicated topic. Most naturally occurring fats are probably essential, but too much of some fats seems【C8】_. Eat real food【C9】_ your fat intake will probably be fine. “Sugar“ has come to
5、【C10】_ the entire group of processed, nutritionally worthless caloric sweeteners. All appear to be damaging because theyre added sugars, as【C11 】_ to naturally occurring ones.【 C12】_: Sugar is not the only enemy. The enemy is hyper-processed food,【 C13】_ sugar.We know that eating real food is a gene
6、ral solution, but a large part of our dietary problems might【C14】_ from the consumption of caloric sweeteners and / or hyper-processed carbohydrate. For example, how to limit the intake of sugar? A soda tax is a(n) 【C15】_, proper labeling would be helpful, andquite possibly most important, 【 C16】_ i
7、ts going to take us a generation or two to get out of this messrestrictions【C17】_ marketing sweet “food“ to children.Theres no reason to【C18】_ action on those kinds of moves. But lets get the science straight so that firm,【C19】_, sound recommendations can be made【C20 】 _ the best possible evidence.
8、And meanwhile, lets also get the simple message straight: Its “Eat Real Food.“ 1 【C1 】（A）possible（B） adequate（C） familiar（D）insufficient2 【C2 】（A）joins（B） control（C） links（D）integrations3 【C3 】（A）refine（B） infer（C） update（D）shorten4 【C4 】（A）decide（B） replace（C） change（D）dominate5 【C5 】（A）lowering（B）
9、 balancing（C） increasing（D）stopping6 【C6 】（A）Indeed（B） Still（C） Unless（D）But7 【C7 】（A）think（B） complain（C） ask（D）worry8 【C8 】（A）meaningful（B） harmful（C） stressful（D）helpful9 【C9 】（A）so（B） or（C） and（D）if10 【C10 】（A）reveal（B） represent（C） reserve（D）release11 【C11 】（A）similar（B） averse（C） opposed（D）obj
10、ected12 【C12 】（A）In sum（B） As a result（C） For instance（D）What s more13 【C13 】（A）including（B） except（C） excluding（D）like14 【C14 】（A）date（B） differ（C） refrain（D）stem15 【C15 】（A）end（B） start（C） exception（D）warning16 【C16 】（A）although（B） when（C） while（D）because17 【C17 】（A）to（B） on（C） for（D）in18 【C18 】（A
11、）delay（B） take（C） abandon（D）give19 【C19 】（A）convincing（B） inspiring（C） interesting（D）exciting20 【C20 】（A）because of（B） based on（C） connected with（D）thanks toPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 What would make a
12、 smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees (CVS Caremark is the countrys largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessat
13、ion programs.“Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to normal human psychology“ said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that
14、. Researchers randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the
15、 reward-only program, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes for six months.The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health
16、. Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 dep
17、osit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled the chances of success.“This is an original set of findings,“ said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that
18、if the social environment can be changedfor example, by posting simple warningspeople can be nudged into better behavior. “They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever people face serious self-control problems.“Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. Mor
19、e than 80 percent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Disea
20、ses linked to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big health effect.21 The underlined word “that“ in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_.（A）using a carrot is worse than using a stick（B） the spending on physical examination is less（C） employers igno
21、re normal human psychology of their staff（D）large companies put too much money in their employees22 Researchers found that the most effective smoking cessation approach was to_.（A）provide incentives（B） give penalty for failing（C） offer consultation services（D）provide nicotine replacement therapy23 A
22、ccording to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EXCEPT the field of_.（A）warnings（B） alcoholism（C） health problems（D）self-control issues24 It is implied from the last paragraph that offering financial incentives in the study_.（A）could get the highest succes
23、s rate（B） changed 20 percent of smokers（C） might bring public health benefits（D）made most participants quit smoking25 The most appropriate title for this passage would be_.（A）Can Carrot or Stick Better Help Smokers Quit?（B） Is Smoking Cessation Programs Effective in CVS?（C） Is Pure Rewards Group mor
24、e Popular than Part Penalty Group?（D）Can Traditional Smoking Cessation Treatment Lead to Better Health?25 Nationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The over-50s control 80% of Britains wealth, and like to spend it on houses and high-street shopping. The young “gene
25、ration rent“, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liable to shop online.People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 restaurant spending by those aged 65-74 increased by 33%, while the under-30s spent 18% less. And while the young sti
26、ll struggle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older entrepreneurs. Pensioners also support the working population by volunteering: some 100 retirees in Christchurch h
27、elp out as business mentors.Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster, and greatly prefer to cluster in London. Even supposed meccas like Manchester are ageing: clubs in that city are becoming members-only. Towns that aim
28、too young, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed La Senzas (a lingerie chain) and struggling tattoo parlours.Companies often lag behind local authorities in working this out. They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic heft of t
29、he oldwho are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing reckons Britain could be on the verge of a marketing surge directed at the grey pound, “similar to what we saw with the pink“. The window will not remain open
30、 forever: soon the baby boomers will start to ail, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement.Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the towns that draw them are likely to grow more and more pleasant. Decent restaurants and nice shops spring up in the favou
31、red haunts of the old, just as they do in the trendy, revamped boroughs of London. Latimer House, a Christchurch furniture store full of retro clothing and 1940s music, would not look out of place in Hackney. Improved high streets then entice customers of all ages.Indeed, gentrification and gerontif
32、ication can look remarkably similar. Old folk and young hipsters are similarly fond of vinyl and typewriters, and wander about in outsized spectacles. Some people never lose their edge.26 The ageing population can be locally a boon in Britain in that_.（A）old folks hold 80% of Britain s wealth（B） old
33、er people spend more money on high-street shopping（C） older people tend to buy big houses than rent houses（D）the elderly like shopping online27 Compared with the under-30s, older people_.（A）have stronger purchasing power（B） retire earlier during the financial crisis（C） are liable to be entrepreneurs
34、（D）make more money by working as business mentors28 We can learn that most small towns and cities_.（A）easily capture a cluster of young professionals（B） attract high concentrations of youth to local clubs（C） should change the position that aims too young（D）vigorously develop tattoo parlous29 Accordi
35、ng to Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing,_.（A）the old stick with products they learned to love in their youth（B） the baby boomers also favour pink as we see（C） the grey market will not grow forever（D）Britain will have a marketing surge aiming at old folks30 It can be inferred that Hackney is a
36、borough_.（A）with retro style（B） with trendy atmosphere（C） playing 1940s music（D）mainly selling furniture30 Just as each wedding creates potential business for divorce lawyers, so each engagement gives insurers a chance to drum up business. Future spouses, says Alan Tuvin of Travelers, an insurer, ma
37、y wish to protect themselves against something going wrong on the wedding day. It is unlikely that your intended wife will leave on horseback, as Julia Roberts did in “Runaway Bride“, and most insurers wouldnt cover that anyway. But you never know what might happen. Mr. Tuvin launched the firm s wed
38、ding-insurance business; he and his wife were its first clients.A typical American wedding costs 25,000 or so. This has fallen a bit over the past quarter-century but still seems lavish given how tight American belts are these days. Weddings are pricey because the rich are more likely to marry than
39、the poor, and the average age of newlyweds has gone up, so couples are more prosperous when they eventually tie the knot. High prices, and the fact that many venues require couples to take out liability insurance, feed demand for wedding insurance. A fifth of couples buy it, says the Wedding Report,
40、 a trade publication.Wedding insurance began in Britain: Cornhill, an insurer, wrote its first policy in 1988. But there were few takers. The idea only took off once transplanted to America. In the early days, says Mr. Nuccio of Robert Nuccio of Wedsure, an surer, there were incidents of couples fak
41、ing engagements to collect a payout. Since then, most policies have a clause that excludes “change of heart“. Wedsure does insure against cold feet, but its policy will pay out only if the wedding is cancelled more than 12 months before it is due to take place, thereby guarding against fiances phoni
42、ng the broker once the relationship is already on the rocks.This does not mean policies are useless. Common causes of payouts include the venue or caterers going bust after having taken a big deposit. Extreme weather, a spouse being deployed by the armed forces and an absent priest can all trigger p
43、ayouts. Most policies will pay to re-stage the photos if the photographer fails to turn up or disappears with the pictures.For some, even a small risk of something going wrong on a day that has been planned for months is worth paying to avoid. Who says romance is dead?31 The example of Julia Roberts
44、 is used to show that _ .（A）anything can happen on the wedding day（B） each engagement gives insurers a chance to profit（C） suddenness like that is easy to happen during the wedding（D）most wedding insurers will cover things like that32 Which of the following cannot explain the development of wedding
45、insurance?（A）Higher prices of weddings.（B） More liability insurance required.（C） The newlyweds getting older.（D）More demand for wedding insurance.33 Wedsures policy against cold feet will pay out on condition that _.（A）the fiances are due to break up（B） the fiances relationship is already on the roc
46、ks（C） the wedding is cancelled when it is due to take place（D）the wedding is cancelled more than one year in advance34 Common causes of payouts exclude that_.（A）caterers go bankrupt（B） a spouse changes the heart（C） the priest is not present（D）the photographer vanishes35 The authors attitude towards
47、wedding insurance is_.（A）critical（B） neutral（C） approved（D）indifferent35 The mythology of a culture Gan provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natu
48、ral world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however; are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message.Perhaps the epitome of mythology an
49、d its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesops Fables, told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire. Aesop, a slave who won the favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales, almost exclusively used animals to fill the roles in his short stories. Humans, when at all present, almost always played thepart of bumbling fools struggling to lear
