1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 77 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Seven years ago, when I was visiting Germany, I met with an official who explained to me that the country had a perfect solution to
2、 its economic problems. Watching the U. S. economy【C1】_during the 90s, the Germans had decided that they, too, needed to go the high-technology【C2】_. But how? In the late 90s, the answer seemed obvious: Indians.【C3】_all, Indian entrepreneurs accounted for one of every three Silicon Valley start-ups.
3、 So the German government decided that it would【C4 】_Indians to Germany just as America does; by【C5】_green cards. Officials created something called the German Green Card and【C6】_that they would issue 20 000 in the first year.【C7】_, the Germans expected that tens of thousands more Indians would soon
4、 be begging to come, and perhaps the【C8】_would have to be increased. But the program was a failure. A year later【C9】_half of the 20 000 cards had been issued. After a few extensions, the program was【 C10】_I told the German official at the time that I was sure the【C11】_would fail. It s not that I had
5、 any particular expertise in immigration policy,【C12】_I understood something about green cards, because I had one(the American【C13】_). The German Green Card was misnamed, I argued,【C14】_it never, under any circumstances, translated into German citizenship. The U. S. green card, by contrast, is an al
6、most【C15】_path to becoming American(after five years and a clean record). The official【C16】_my objection, saying that there was no way Germany was going to offer these people citizenship. “We need young tech workers,“ he said. “That s what this program is all【C17 】_. “ So Germany was asking bright y
7、oung【C18 】_to leave their country, culture and families, move thousands of miles away, learn a new language and work in a strange landbut without any【C19】_of ever being part of their new home. Germany was sending a signal, one that was【 C20】_received in India and other countries, and also by Germany
8、 s own immigrant community.1 【C1 】（A）soar（B） hover（C） amplify（D）intensify2 【C2 】（A）circuit（B） strategy（C） trait（D）route3 【C3 】（A）Of（B） After（C） In（D）At4 【C4 】（A）import（B） kidnap（C） convey（D）lure5 【C5 】（A）offering（B） installing（C） evacuating（D）formulating6 【C6 】（A）conferred（B） inferred（C） announced（D
9、）verified7 【C7 】（A）Specially（B） Naturally（C） Particularly（D）Consistently8 【C8 】（A）quotas（B） digits（C） measures（D）scales9 【C9 】（A）invariably（B） literally（C） barely（D）solely10 【C10 】（A）repelled（B） deleted（C） combated（D）abolished11 【C11 】（A）adventure（B） response（C） initiative（D）impulse12 【C12 】（A）and（B
10、） but（C） so（D）or13 【C13 】（A）heritage（B） revision（C） notion（D）version14 【C14 】（A）because（B） unless（C） if（D）while15 【C15 】（A）aggressive（B） automatic（C） vulnerable（D）voluntary16 【C16 】（A）overtook（B） fascinated（C） submitted（D）dismissed17 【C17 】（A）towards（B） round（C） about（D）over18 【C18 】（A）dwellers（B） c
11、itizens（C） professionals（D）amateurs19 【C19 】（A）prospect（B） suspicion（C） outcome（D）destination20 【C20 】（A）partially（B） clearly（C） brightly（D）vividlyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Boys schools are the perfec
12、t place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study sa
13、ys.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code“ of hiding their emotions to be a “real man“.The findings of the study go against
14、 received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than
15、girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style, letting them move around the classroom and g
16、etting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically “ boy-focused“ approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally h
17、ave more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on“ lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “ Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre(类型)in which violence and sexism are major themes,“ Jam
18、es wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge“ in relationships. “In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,
19、“ the study reported.21 The author believes that a single-sex school would_.（A）force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man“（B） help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys（C） encourage boys to express their emotions more freely（D）naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a ma
20、n22 It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _.（A）perform relatively better（B） grow up more healthily（C） behave more responsibly（D）receive a better education23 What does Tony Little say about the British education system?（A）It fails more boys than girls academically.（B） It focuses more on
21、 mixed school education.（C） It fails to give boys the attention they need.（D）It places more pressure on boys than on girls.24 According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is_.（A）teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys（B） boys can focus on their lessons
22、 without being distracted（C） boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in（D）teaching can be designed to promote boys team spirit25 Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James report?（A）They enjoy being in charge.（B） They conform to stereotypes.（C） They hav
23、e sharper vision.（D）They are violent and sexist.25 Whos poor in America? Thats a question hard to answer. Hard because theres no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behaviorbad work habits, famil
24、y breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck; accidents, job losses, disability.Despite povertys messiness, weve measured progress against it by a single statistic; the federal poverty line. By this measure, we havent made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is m
25、isleading for two reasons.First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007, about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人)mostly immigrants and their children. Second, the poors material
26、 well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, theyve participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had m
27、icrowaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administrations proposal for a “supplemental poverty measure“ in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compou
28、nd public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.The “supplemental measure“ ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher
29、 than todays poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but “poverty“ stays stuck.What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one; the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the
30、 new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if theyre a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.The new indicator is a “propaganda device“ to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bu
31、reau has estimated statistics similar to the administrations proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2% ; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration i
32、s defining poverty up. Its reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.26 Wh
33、at is the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Poverty is very often defined as a state of mind.（B） Poverty is a problem hard to tackle in America.（C） Bad work habits and bad luck lead to poverty.（D）There is no consensus on the concept of poverty.27 What does the author say about the poor in America?
34、（A）Their living standards have actually improved.（B） Most of them are immigrants and their descendants.（C） Their chances of rising above the poverty line are slim.（D）Most of them rely on government subsidies for survival.28 What does the author think of the administrations proposal for a “supplement
35、al poverty measure“ ?（A）It is intended to further help the poor.（B） It is made to serve political purposes.（C） It is a positive response to changed circumstances.（D）It is an attempt to combat the economic recession.29 What is characteristic of the new measure of poverty?（A）It defines poverty by the
36、gap between the rich and the poor.（B） It raises the threshold for the poor to get welfare benefits.（C） It is more accurate and scientific in terms of statistics.（D）It truly reflects the practical needs of the poor.30 What does the author want to say by quoting Daniel Moynihan?（A）Economic equality is
37、 but an empty dream.（B） Political neutrality can never be achieved.（C） The administrations statistics are biased.（D）The debate over poverty will get nowhere.30 Youve now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he ge
38、ts to Beijing: the Chinese need to consume more; they need believe it or not to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.And its all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After t
39、he personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005 , the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20% . It is partly for policy reasons. As weve seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but
40、also their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest(脆弱的)of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence(谨慎)for centuries. There is
41、no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.Why does the U. S. need to learn a little frugality(节俭 )? Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a countrys long-term fi
42、nancial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.The U. S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving,
43、 even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obamas Budget Director, recently called the U. S. budget deficits unsustainable and hes right. To date, the U. S. has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. Chinas leaders might gently hint t
44、hat Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar which has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that Americas debt load is becoming unmanageable.Thats what happens when youre the worlds biggest creditor; you get to drop hints like that, which would b
45、e enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked.(Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly talks about seeking an alternative to the U. S. dollar for the $2. 1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.)If Americans sa
46、ved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldnt have to worry about all that.31 How did the economic crisis affect Americans?（A）They had to tighten their belts.（B） Their bank savings rate dropped to zero.（C） Their leadership in the global economy was shaken.（D）They became concerned abo
47、ut Chinas financial policy.32 What should be done to encourage Chinese people to consume?（A）Changing their traditional way of life.（B） Providing fewer incentives for saving.（C） Improving Chinas social security system.（D）Cutting down the expenses on child-rearing.33 What does the author mean by sayin
48、g “savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest“(Para. 4)?（A）The more one saves, the more returns one will reap.（B） A countrys economy hinges on its savings policy.（C） Those who keep saving will live an easy life in the end.（D）A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity.34 In what ci
49、rcumstances do currency traders become scared?（A）When Beijing allows its currency exchange rates to float.（B） When China starts to reduce its current foreign reserves.（C） When China talks about switching its dollar reserves to other currencies.（D）When Beijing mentions in public the huge debts America owes China.35 What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?（A）To urge the American government to cut deficits.（B） To e
