1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 473 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 ASome archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological s
2、ites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging o
3、f the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. BIn another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human se
4、ttlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the citys vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. CHow do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the grou
5、nd? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. DSurveys can cover a singl
6、e large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the
7、 distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. ETo find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such
8、 as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. FMost archaeol
9、ogical sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valle
10、y of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for ting engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 12
11、00s BC. Evanss interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knoso s), on the island of Crete, in 1900. GGround surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for
12、surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors
13、. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research. Order: 5 AThe first published sketch, “A Dinner at Popla
14、r Walk“ brought tears to Dickenss eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz“ in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation. BThe runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today,
15、 secured Dickenss fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure. CSoon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcut
16、s by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymours pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Di
17、ckens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 183
18、6 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837. DCharles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of E
19、nglish society. ESoon after his fathers release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get on even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter s eye for transcribin
20、g the life around him especially anything comic or add, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines. FDickens was born in Portsmouth, on Englands southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy pay officea respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a
21、 steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens s birth, his mother s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to retu
22、rn. The familys increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warrens Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polishing factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman. “ His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father s imprisonment and his
23、 labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens s greatest wound and became his deep secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the acknowledged foundation of his fiction. GAfter Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan s progr
24、ess from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters. 10 AYou may have to impre
25、ss the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what youve made in the past. They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you h
26、ave other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the who, what and when, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background
27、 checks. They might have the final say. BBesides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they most really want to know is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they sh
28、ould feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing ladder climber! CAlways research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count
29、, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens! DJob interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close an
30、d personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you. EBe prepared t
31、o attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If youre called back for more interviews, it means that theyre interested in you. But, it doesnt mean you re a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work! FTo put you somewhat a
32、t ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in interviewing techniques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it ea
33、sier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, its not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job. GAfter interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and e
34、xpected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor. HRemember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge you, but its also very much your chance to judge the employer. In fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, youll put the interviewer in the position
35、of selling the company to you. If this happens, youre probably doing well. Order: 考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 473 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章一共七段，第二段和第四段已经给出，首段空缺。首段应当是一个提纲挈领式的开 始，能够引出文章后面内容或者概括文章内容。浏览各段主要内容，发现除了已经给定的 A 项、 E 项之外， C 项最适合作为首段，很明显 C项引出了文章的主题，暗示考生文章主要讲的是考古 学家发现遗址常用的两种方法。因此本题选择
36、 C 项作为首段。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本题需要确定第三段。第二段 A 项的开头句为 Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable(一些遗址总是很容易被发现)。浏览浏览剩下的 B、D 、F、G 项，发现 F 项的开头 句为 Most archaeological sites， however，are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them(不过大部分遗址还是被那些专门寻找它们的考古学家发现的)，与 A 项
37、内容形成转折。 因此，本题选择 F 项作为第三段。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 本题需要确定第五段。浏览剩下的 B、D 、G 项，发现 G 项开头为Ground surveys，结合段中 Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as可知 G 项主要讲发 现遗址的一些科技手段。而已经给定的第四段 E 项第一句便是段落主旨句，段中还出现了 Air borne technologies，Aerial surveys 等。因此 G 项与 E 项的内容是一脉相承的，可以确定第五
38、段是 G 项。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题需要确定第六段。只剩下 B、D 两个备选项了，因此相对来说容易些。浏览发现 B 项 开头有 In another case，而 D 项第二句开头是 In one case，很明显 B 项排在 D 项之后。因此本题 选择 D 项作为第六段。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题需要确定第七段。B 项开头 In another case，正好与第七段 D项 In one case 相照应，因 此选 B 项。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 根据题目说明，B、D 选项位置已知，
39、并且 D 项是作为首段出现。D 项介绍了狄更斯的身份 地位，F 项开头部分也是对于狄更斯出身的介绍，根据常理推断，讲述其出生地的内容应该在文 章开篇的前两段提到，并且之后的内容介绍了其父母、家庭信息，也能构成语义的衔接，故选 F。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 F 项后半段大量提到了狄更斯父亲被判入狱的事情以及对其后期小说写作的影响，观察 剩下的几个选项，E 项的段首提到了 soon after his fathers release from prison，Dickens got a， 于是该选项可以和 F 项的内容构成最大衔接，故选 E。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案
40、】 A【试题解析】 观察 E 项末句，该句提到狄更斯对于生活的视角，并能根据生活内容来创作，把创作内容 提交给杂志，其中 submitted short sketches to obscure magazines 和 A 项的首句 The first published sketch“A Dinner at Poplar Work”能够连贯衔接，故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 该题可以根据 A 项的最后一句或 B 项的段首句来进行判断，B 项首句提到了特指的 the runaway success of The Pickwick Papers，再观察剩下的选项，C
41、 项的末句提到了 The comic novel，The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Clubs，可以构成衔接，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 根据排除法，还剩下 G 项，并且 B 项末句提到的 Pickwick 也能和G 项开头的 after Pick wick 构成衔接，故选 G。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 F【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 H【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 阅读
