1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 2 及答案与解析一、翻译1 What is the difference between revoicing and sur-/subtitling?2 What is “ skopos theory“ ? Please give at least two examples to support your answer.3 Ezra Pound insists that translation should be “fidelity to the original“ from “meaning“ to “atmosphere“. How do you
2、understand “atmosphere“ in this context?4 Venutis main thesis is that translation tends to be an invisible practice in the United States. What is Venutis strategy to change such a tendency?5 Define the following terms.(北京航空航天大学 2009 研，考试科目：综合英语)cultural turn in translation studies6 corpus-based tran
3、slation studies7 legal translation8 naturalistic(or observational)studies9 Wordsmith10 Which of the following English versions of the Chinese article is the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院 2010 研，考试科目：英语综合)桃花源记晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业；缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林。夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。参考译文 1A Ta
4、le of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom SpringIn the year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty, there lived a man in Wuling jun who earned his living by fishing. One day, he rowed his boat along a stream, unaware of how far he had gone when all of a sudden, he found himself in the midst of a wood of peach
5、blossoms. The wood extended several hundred foot steps along both banks of the stream. There were no trees of other kinds. The lush grass was flesh and beautiful and peach petals fell in riotous profusion. The fisherman was so curious that he rowed on, in hopes of discovering where the trees ended.参
6、考译文 2During the reign of Emperor Shao-Wu of Eastern Tsin there was once a native of Wu-Lin, who lived on fishing. One day, he rowed up a stream, and soon forgot how far he had gone. All of a sudden he came upon a peach grove. For hundreds of paces along both banks of the stream, the peach-trees were
7、 in full bloom. No other trees were to be seen in the whole grove. The soft grass looked fresh and beautiful. Here and there falling blossoms was beside himself with amazement.参考译文 3During the reign period Tai-yuan(376-379)of the Chin dynasty, a man of Wuling who plied the fishers trade, losing all
8、count of distance as he made his way along a certain brook, suddenly came on a grove of peach-trees in blossom which fringed the shore some hundred paces, no other trees interspersed, where on scented grasses fresh and pleasing to the eye lay fallen blossoms in gay profusion, at sight of which the f
9、isherman was much amazed.11 Which of the following Chinese versions of the English poem is the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院 2010 研，考试科目：英语综合)Autumn DayLord: it is time. The summer was immense. Lay your shadow on the sundials and let loose the wind in the fields.Bid the las
10、t fruits to be full:give them another two more southerly days, press them to ripeness, and chasethe last sweetness into the heavy wine.Whoever has no house now will not build one anymore. Whoever is alone now will remain so for a long time, will stay up, read, write long letters, and wander the aven
11、ues, up and down, restlessly, while the leaves are blowing.参考译文 1秋日主啊，时不我予。盛夏已去。把你的影子对准日晷，让风在旷野上获得自由。令最后的果实趋于丰满；再额外赐予它们两个南方的日子，迫使它们成熟，追缫残余的甜蜜，使之化为醇酒。如今，无房者将不必再建。独居者将长久独居，熬夜、读书、长篇累牍地写信，落叶纷飞时，烦躁不安地在大街上游来荡去。参考译文 2秋日主啊!是时候了。夏日曾经很盛大。把你的阴影落在日晷上，让秋风刮过田野。让最后的果实长得丰满，再给它们两天南方的气候，迫使它们成熟，把最后的甘甜酿人浓酒。谁这时没有房屋，就不必建
12、筑，谁这时孤独，就永远孤独，就醒着，读着，写着长信，在林荫道上来回不安地游荡，当着落叶纷飞。参考译文 3秋日主呵，是时候了。夏天盛极一时。把你的阴影置于日晷上，让风吹过牧场。让枝头最后的果实饱满；再给两天南方的好天气，催它们成熟，把最后的甘甜压进浓酒，谁此时没有房子，就不必建造，谁此时孤独，就永远孤独，就醒来，读书，写长长的信，在林荫路上不停地徘徊，落叶纷飞。12 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Tell what translation technique you use in translating each of them.
13、(北工业大学 2006 研，考试科目：综合英语 2Example：New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans新西兰不知道这件事，也没有人同它商讨过这些传闻的计划。The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area13 I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection，but it seems it is to smell the
14、 lamb and make sure that it is her own14 Fourscore and seven years ago，our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation15 There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use，deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulg
15、arism16 In the savage fighting，German itself was laid waste，the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished，the people decimated17 State briefly either in English or in Chinese what literal translation and free translation are, and how they are used in the process of translation.(北京工业大学 2006研
16、，考试科目：综合英语 2)18 In this part, you are asked to answer the following questions in Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWERSHEET.(中国矿业大学 2009 研，考试科目：基础英语)简要介绍中国当代主要翻译理论家及其主要观点。19 形式对等和功能对等是由谁提出的?它们有什么区别?20 In this part, you are asked to answer the following questions in Chinese. Write your answers on
17、the ANSWER SHEET. (中国矿业大学 2008 研，考试科目：基础英语)简要介绍“文化建设翻译学派” 的主要代表人物及其观点。英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 2 答案与解析一、翻译1 【正确答案】 Revoicing is a term used to refer to one of the two main techniques used in the translation of audio-visual material such as films and television programmes. It is defined as the process in
18、 which “ the foreign dialogue is adjusted to the mouth movements of the actor in the film“ and which is designed to give the impression that the actors whom the audience see are actually speaking in the TL(target language).Subtitling is also a term used to refer to one of the two main methods of lan
19、guage transfer used in translating types of mass audio-visual communication such as film and television. First used in 1929, subtitling can be defined as the process of providing synchronized captions for film and television dialogue(and more recently for live opera). Subtitling can be interlingual
20、or intralingual(e. g. for the deaf), open(i. e. forming part of the original film or broadcast)or closed(i. e. broadcast separately and accessibly, for example by means of teletext). The differences between revoicing and subtitling are as follows. A dubbed film can be said to be less authentic than
21、one with subtitles. Revoicing is less flexible than subtitling in that it is harder to add explanations. It is considerably more expensive than subtitling and also takes longer to perform. On the other hand, a revoiced film demands less cognitive effort from the viewer than one with subtitles. Moreo
22、ver, revoicing generally involves less compression of the message than subtitling. Furthermore, in certain societies, revoicing is favored for nationalistic reason as a way of naturalizing an imported film and at the same time somehow minimizing its foreign, possibly subversive influence by complete
23、ly concealing the original dialogue.2 【正确答案】 Skopos theory is an approach proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Hans J. Vermeer, whose desire is to break with linguistic translation theory and bridge the gap between translation theory and practice. The theory of action is made as the foundat
24、ion for the skopos theory. Skopos is a Greek word meaning “aim“ or “purpose“. Vermeer introduced it into translation theory as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating. According to the skopos theory, the prime principle determining any translation process i
25、s the purpose(skopos)of the overall translational action. The purpose of the translation determines the translation methods and strategies which are to be used. Three purposes can be distinguished in the field of translation: the general purpose of the translators in the process of translation, the
26、communicative purpose of the target text in the target situation and the purpose of a particular translation strategy or procedure. In this theory, one of the most important factors which determine the purpose of a translation is the intended receiver or the audience of the target text. The source t
27、ext is considered as an “offer of information“ for the target audience. An important advantage of the skopos theory is that it allows the possibility of the same text being translated in different ways according to the purpose of the target text and the commission which is given to the translation.
28、This theory aims at solving the dilemmas in free vs faithful translation, dynamic vs formal equivalence, good interpreters vs slavish translators, and so on.One example is as follows:There are many taboos in the play Romeo and Juliet. When Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu were translating this play, th
29、ey used different methods according to their own purposes. Liang Shiqiu aimed at presenting to the readers what Shakespeare really is. So these taboos are almost directly rendered. Zhu Shenghao, on the other hand, made the translation out of love for his motherland, China. At that time, there are no
30、 translation of Shakespeares works in China. So he indirectly rendered taboos and used languages acceptable and readable to Chinese readers.Another example is advertising translation. The role of the advertisements is to attract customers and persuade them to buy the products. So when the advertisem
31、ents are translated, the purpose is the first factor to be considered.3 【正确答案】 Ezra Pound is identified as the father of modern American poetry. He himself is a poet as well as a transla-tor. His translation theory is built on the basis of the concept of energy in language. He proposed two aims for
32、translation. One is real speech in the English version. The other is fidelity to the original from meaning to atmosphere. To Pound, atmosphere refers to the contextual link as well as intertextual association between discourses. It includes the tone, the spirit, etc. of the original version.4 【正确答案】
33、 In order to change the tendency, Venuti proposed the strategy of resistance. He thought that “resistance assumes an ideology of autonomy, locating the alien in other culture, pursuing cultural diversity, foregrounding the linguistic and cultural difference of the source-language text and transformi
34、ng the hierarchy of cultural values in the target language. “By using the foreignization strategy, the exotic atmosphere in the translated text is kept. The practice that the translation works are regarded as byproducts is also challenged. Moreover, the translators invisibility is changed and the st
35、atus of the translator is raised.5 【正确答案】 “Culture“ is a most influential word in the translation studies of the late 20th Century. After the upsurge of linguistic school, scholars started to fix their eyes on the factors out of the text. In 1990, Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, two towering tran
36、slation scholars, proposed the “cultural turn“ in translation studies. In their work Translation, History and Culture, they regarded that culture should become the operational unit of translation. The features are represented by orientations to deconstructionism, feminism, postcolonialism, and the p
37、olitically-oriented features. The key words of translation studies like culture, power, deconstruction, hegemony replace equivalence, transfer, and unit of translation. In this way, translation studies achieve a shift from the sphere of linguistic skills to a socio-cultural one.6 【正确答案】 Corpus-based
38、 translation studies(CTS)is a new branch in translation studies. It aims at drawing a universal conclusion by conducting a descriptive research on a large amount of language material. And it results from the development of modern corpus linguistics and descriptive translation studies. Adopting an em
39、pirical methodology, corpus-based translation studies try to describe the laws of translation by studying existing translation texts in a quantitative and statistic way. Now this new paradigm has been applied to the studies of translation universals, translation norms and the style of translators.7
40、【正确答案】 Legal translation refers to the translation within the field of law. It is not a simple task because of its culture-dependent features. When doing legal translation, translators should be professional, as mistranslation will lead to legal liability. Textual conventions in the source language
41、are often culture-dependent and may not correspond to conventions in the target language. Linguistic structures that are often found in the source language have no directly equivalent structures in the target language: therefore, translators have to find in the target language structures with the sa
42、me functions as those in the source language.8 【正确答案】 Naturalistic studies is a type of study in which the researcher observes and records certain behavior or phe-nomenon very carefully, sometimes over a long period of time, in its natural setting while interfering as little as possible with the sub
43、jects or phenomena.9 【正确答案】 Wordsmith is someone who is clever at using language, especially the one who writes professionally.10 【正确答案】 Version One, from my perspective, is better than others. The reasons are as follows:As for the translation of “数百步“ , it is rendered as “several hundred foot steps
44、“ , “hundreds of paces“ and “some hundred paces“ respectively. These translations are statements of actual distance, but they do not conform to the fact that the fisherman was going by boat. The term “paces“ suggests walking. Fortunately, phrases “rowed his boat “in Version One and “rowed up a strea
45、m“ in Version Two inform us that the fisherman was, indeed, traveling by boat. But in Version Three, there is no such implication.“溪“ can be translated as “creek“ , “brook“, or “stream“ in general. But here, a term such as “brook“(as in Version Three)would probably not be appropriate since it usuall
46、y means a river, whose volume of water is insufficient for boat traveling. It would seem far more satisfactory to use a term such as “stream“ as Version One does. “渔人甚异之“ is rendered in Version Two as “Here and there falling blossoms was beside himself with amazement“. As we all know, the phrase “be
47、side with oneself“ usually means “someone is extremely angry or excited“. Here “falling blossoms“ is used as the subject of the sentence instead of someone, so it seems that “渔人甚异之 “ is mistranslated in Version Two.All in all, Version One is not perfect, yet better than others.11 【正确答案】 There is a q
48、uotation on the translation of poetry from Robert Frost, “ Poetry is what gets lost in translation , “ from which we can get a glimpse of difficulties of poetry translation.No matter how many new theories are put forward, when it comes to the criteria of translation, faithfulness is still priority.
49、In those three versions, “fields“ is rendered as “旷野“ , “田野 “and “牧场“respectively. From what we know, “fields“ is closest in meaning to “田野 “ in Chinese: thus, “牧场“ is over translation, which is in violation of the principle of faithfulness. As for the phrase “will stay up“ , its meaning is completely different from “就醒着“ , “就醒来“(in Version Two, Version Three)。 “Si“ usually means “wake(up)“ instead of “stay up“. So “will stay up“ is not properly rendered in Version Two and Three. “While the leaves are blowing“ is translated into “落叶纷飞时“ as the adverbial of the senten
