1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 65（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Computer and Short-sightedness based on the statistics provided in the table below(Chinas Growing Percentage of Computer Users in Youth because of the demonstrations he ma
2、de, the money of the【B5】_and stockholders has become available for studies, the nature of which they do not often understand, though they【B6】_their value and anticipate their ultimate benefits.In his lifetime, largely because of his successes, there came into widest acceptance that man could【B7】_his
3、 intelligence invent a new mode of life. No other person played so great a part as Edison in the change in human【B8】_, and finally, by the effect of his widely distributed inventions plus a combination of the modem publicity technique, he was lifted in the popular imagination to a place where he was
4、【B9】_not only as the symbol but as the creator of the new age. Edison also had a peculiar genius for carrying existing discoveries to the point where they could be【B10】_into practicable devices.27 【B1 】28 【B2 】29 【B3 】30 【B4 】31 【B5 】32 【B6 】33 【B7 】34 【B8 】35 【B9 】36 【B10 】Section A36 While its eas
5、y enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the bodys【C1
6、】_of self-repair.We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to【C2】_the wear on our bodies tissue that we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26volunteers into two groupsone of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 h
7、ours per nightsome of the sleep-deprived groups genes actually stopped working.The functions of 711 genes in total were altered in some way,【C3】_ones involved in metabolism(新陈代谢 ), inflammation(炎症 ), immunity and stress. There is some good news though: a week of normal sleep was enough to【C4】_the ma
8、lfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the【C5】_sleep patterns continue, health problems that arent quite so easily reversible, like obesity(肥胖)and heart disease, have a【C6】_chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the【C7】_, according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the sc
9、ientists【C8】_in the study: This is only a week of sleep【C9】_and it is only five and a half or six hours a night. Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much【C10】_it might be.A)experiment I)slightB)high J)specificallyC)involved K)substitute
10、D)namely L)surfaceE)process M)unhealthyF)restore N)unstableG)restriction O)worse H)reverse37 【C1 】38 【C2 】39 【C3 】40 【C4 】41 【C5 】42 【C6 】43 【C7 】44 【C8 】45 【C9 】46 【C10 】Section B46 Fight unhealthy food, not fat peopleA)Its hardly breaking news that junk food is bad for us. But just how bad and jus
11、t how much food companies know about the addictive(添加剂)components of certain foods, and just how much they deliberately target the most vulnerable consumers knowing they are doing damageis still being discovered. The New York Times offers the latest installment in this weekends magazine with an arti
12、cle about the science of junk food addiction.B)Nearly everything written about food in the mainstream media relies on the same narrative: Obesity is bad. That kind of reporting is part of whats keeping us sick. Theres no denying the fact that the American public has gotten larger in recent decades.
13、Along with getting fatter, weve also seen a rise in illnesses like heart disease and certain cancers. Instead of focusing on how our health is hurting, most of the media coverage uses the term “ obesity“ , making the story more about weight than about healthto the point where its become an accepted
14、truth that “fat“ equals “unhealthy“.C)Thats not actually the case, though. While “the obesity epidemic“ may be a convenient catch-all for the illnesses and health problems related to our food chain, its a lazy term and an inaccurate one. Are we actually worried about public health? Or are we offende
15、d by fat bodies that dont meet our thin ideals? In all seriousness: What good does a focus on body size actually do?D)If were actually concerned about health, then we should focus on health. The addictive qualities of our food, the lack of oversight(监督), the high levels of chemicals and the governme
16、nt subsidies(补贴 )to make prices lower making the worst foods the most accessible should concern us and spur us to action. Nutrient-deficient(营养缺乏)chemically-processed “food“ in increasingly larger sizes is bad for all of our bodies, whether were fat or thin or somewhere in between. So is the culture
17、 in which fast food is able to thrive. Americans work more than ever before; we take fewer vacation days and put in longer hours, especially since the recession hit. The US remains the only industrialized country without national paid parental leave and without compulsory annual vacation time; we al
18、so have no federal law requiring paid sick days. 85% of American men and 66% of women work more than 40 hours per week. In Norway, for comparison, 23% of men work more than 40-hour weeks, and only 7% of women.E)Despite all this work, American income levels remain remarkably divided into the poorest
19、and the richest, with the richest few controlling nearly all of the wealth. In one of the wealthiest countries on earth, one in seven people rely on federal food aid, with most of the financial benefits going to big food companies who are also able to produce cheap, nutritionally questionable food t
20、hanks to agricultural subsidies. The prices of the worst foods are artificially depressed, the big food lobbies have enormous power, and the biggest loser is the American public, especially low-income folks who spend larger proportions of their income on food but face systematic impediments(妨碍)to he
21、althy eating and exercise.F)With demanding work days, little time off and disproportionate amounts of our incomes going toward things like health insurance and childcare that other countries provide at a lower cost, is it any surprise that we eat fast-food breakfast on our laps in the car and prefer
22、 dinner options that are quick and cheap?G)Reforming our food system requires major structural changes, not just saying no to put down that bag of chips. We need to push back against corporate interests. Food companies are incredibly good at positing themselves as crusaders(拥护者)for personal choice a
23、nd entities simply dedicated to giving the public what it wants. Somehow, big food companies have convinced us that drinking a 32oz soda is a matter of personal liberty, and that the government has no place in regulating how much liquid sugar can be sold in a single container.H)In fact, we knowand t
24、hey certainly knowthat human beings are remarkably bad at judging how much were eating. Food companies use that information to encourage over-consumption, and to target certain consumers who tend to have less disposable income to invest in healthy foodpoor people, people of color, kids.I)Food is a s
25、ocial justice issue that has disproportionately negative impacts on groups already facing hardship. That should be an issue for every socially conscious person. But when looking at the large number of problems caused not only by our big food industry but by the policies that enable them and our cult
26、ural norms that incentivize poor health choices, too many people simply turn “ obesity“ into the boogeyman(恶巫). Doctors even blame fatness for all sorts of medical conditions and people dont get proper treatment. Fat women go to the doctor less often for routine cancer screenings, and patients repor
27、t doctors focusing on their weight and ignoring real medical problems like broken bones and asthma(哮喘).J)On the policy side, promoters of laws that incentivize health or push back on corporate food interests such as Michelle Obamas Lets Move! initiative, bans on extra-large sodas, and extra SNAP ben
28、efits at farmers markets inevitably target “ obesity“ in their campaigns. That strategy has the effect of maligning(诽谤 )the beauty of certain bodies instead of encouraging everyone to be healthier and countering the enormous influence of big companies. As a result, many people who should be the natu
29、ral allies of health-promoting initiatives are put off by the shaming fat language.K)“Obesity epidemic“ language has also fed into the idea of body size and eating habits as social group. Thinner kale(甘蓝)eating elite liberals in the Northeast are trying to force-feed cabbage to heavier real American
30、s in the South and Midwest. No one wins with that kind of cultural polarization.L)Yes, lets push back against big food companies and question their outsized influence in Washington and in our daily lives, and lets focus on making healthy food more widely accessible. Lets realize that the challenges
31、extend beyond just what we eat. Lets fight for the humane(仁爱的)work policies that will make us all healthier.M)But lets do that because public health is all of our concern, not because its culturally easy to point the finger at fat people. Giving every member of a society the chance to be as healthy
32、as possible is a moral good. It saves money and it saves lives. So lets do it the right way and the most effective way without lazily relying on the word “ obesity“.47 As a social justice problem, food negatively impact on groups who already have had a difficult life.48 The word “obesity“ used by mo
33、st media coverage shows they concern less about our health than our weight.49 We should concentrate on making people have more access to get healthy food.50 In one of the wealthiest countries in the world, one in seven Americans live on federal food aid.51 Among the industrialized countries, the US
34、is the only one having no national paid parental leave and sick days, and compulsory annual vacation time.52 The same idea about food in the mainstream media is that obesity is bad.53 The term “obesity epidemic“ has promoted the idea of body size and eating habits as social group.54 To make structur
35、al changes of our food system, we need to fight against food companies interests.55 It is the government subsidies to lower the prices of food that make the worst foods the most obtainable.56 It is a moral good to offer every one in the society the opportunity to be as healthy as they could.Section
36、C56 Virtually unknown a decade ago, big online teacher education programs now dwarf their traditional competitors, outstripping(超过)even the largest state university teachers colleges.A USA Today analysis of newly released U. S. Department of Education data finds that four big universities, operating
37、 mostly online, have quickly become the largest education schools in the USA. Last year the fourthree of which are for-profitawarded one in 16 bachelors degrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including masters degrees and doctorates.A decade ago, in 2001, th
38、e for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.Traditional colleges still produce most of the bach
39、elors degrees in teaching. But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more masters degrees than even the top traditional schools, all of which are pushing to offer online coursework.“We shouldnt be surprised because the whole industry is moving in that direction,“ sai
40、d Robert Pianta, dean of the University of Virginias Curry School of Education. “ The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether theres some real innovation in there. “For-profit universities have bee
41、n the subject of intense examining in Congress. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, who chairs the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates. For-p
42、rofits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U. S. college students but account for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.Online education schools, many of which have open-enrollment policies similar to community colleges, say their offerings are high quality.Meredith Curley, dean of the Unive
43、rsity of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers. Their average age is 33, she said, and many work while they attend classes. Becky Lodewyck, Phoenixs associate dean, said teaching candidates must complet
44、e at least 100 hours of field experience. She said online classes are “incredibly dynamic“ and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes. “ You cant hide,“ she said. “ Everyone participateseveryone has to be fully engaged in the work. “57 It can be learned from t
45、he second paragraph that four big universities_.（A）have become the largest online schools in the US（B） are the biggest for-profit schools in the US（C） occupy important position in education in the US（D）focus on developing advanced education in the US58 The University of Phoenix_.（A）enlarged the scal
46、e of its online education coursework（B） made great profit from online education coursework（C） surpassed the traditional universities in scale（D）became the largest university providing online education59 Robert Pianta said he was interested in knowing_.（A）where the whole industry was moving to（B） whe
47、ther theres some real innovation in there（C） how much money the whole industry would earn（D）whether students could get something new60 According to the findings released by Tom Harkin, for-profit universities_.（A）account for a large part of students loan defaults（B） cost more than not-for-profit sch
48、ools（C） have more dropouts than not-for-profits（D）have higher enrollment rate than not-for-profits61 Why does Becky Lodewyck say online classes have the potential to hold students more accountable?（A）Because many students have worked before they return to education.（B） Because students must complete
49、 at least 100 hours of field experience.（C） Because everyone has to be fully engaged in the work.（D）Because students have a strong sense of responsibility.61 Amid a summer of record-setting heat, a new survey finds that most of Generation Xs(20 世纪 60 年代到 70 年代初出生的美国人)young and middle-age adults are uninformed and unconcerned about climate change.Only about 5% of Gen Xers, now 32 to 52 years old, are “alarmed“ and 18% “concern
