1、2011年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、判断题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The clear /l/ and the dark / （分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False2.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexives like myself and reciprocals like each other.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False3.Language is not an isolated phenomenon; it
2、is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False4.A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False5.Two words, or two expressions, which have the same semantic components, will be synonymou
3、s to each other.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False6.To tell whether a sound is a vowel or not, we should judge its manners of articulation and the places of articulation.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False7.A single phoneme always represents a single morpheme.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False8.Gender contrast in English language can o
4、nly be observed in a small number of nouns, and, they are mainly of the natural gender type.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False9.A phoneme is further analyzable because it consists of a set of simultaneous distinctive features.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False10.WORD refers to the common factor underlying a set of forms, a
5、 unit of vocabulary, a lexical item or a lexeme.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False11.Neurocognition is one of the major subjects of research in the area of psycholinguistics.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False12.A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning
6、by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False13.Some polymorphemic words are compounds.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False14.English sounds1andrare liquids.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False15.Chomsky“s T. G. grammar has been considered by many people as an insurrection against Bloomfieldian linguistics a
7、nd behaviorist psychology.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False16.If someone actually says “Sximtrapmytaah“ , she/he has made an utterance.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False17.Presuppostion is a logical relationship between two sentences in which the truth of the first necessarily follows from the truth of the second, while t
8、he falsity of the first follows from the falsity of the second.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False18.A corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as recorded speech.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False19.Duality means that language has the property of having two levels of structures, such t
9、hat units of the primary level consists of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False20.New information is generally located in the THEME. Of course, high pitch and key also reveals where the new information is.（分数：2.00）A.
10、TrueB.False二、填空题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter.(Write complete word forms on your answer sheet).(10 points)The p 1function of language is primarily to maintain the social status of people.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Chomsk
11、y“s I 1Hypothesis believes that children are born with what he calls a language acquisition device, which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.S 1 relation is the relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all pr
12、esent.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.Grammatical words are also known as f 1words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.Prepositional 1 1is the study of the truth conditions for propositions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.Pairs of words which show the reversal of a relationship between the two are categorized as c 1 antonymy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
13、27.Developmental errors are errors within the target language itself, such as o 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.Optimal r 1is said to reduce all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, to a single principle.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.Words such as prince and princess are cases that show English g 1contrast.（分数：2.00）填
14、空项 1:_30.When constituent items are subordinate to the Head, they form e 1 constructions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：80.00)31.The _ nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.（分数：2.00）A.recursiveB.creativeC.ar
15、bitraryD.culturally transmissible32._ manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree and case.（分数：2.00）A.RootsB.StemsC.Derivational affixesD.Inflectional affixes33.Retire is a_.（分数：2.00）A.compound wordB.free morpheme with a prefix re-C.morpheme wordD.b
16、ound morpheme with a prefix re-34.The phenomenon that Americans and British people pronounce some words differently can be interpreted in terms of_.（分数：2.00）A.phonetic similarityB.free variationC.complementary distributionD.allomorphs35.The following terms all refer to changes in sound leading to ch
17、anges in form EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.metathesisB.assimilationC.additionD.narrowing36.The constraints on words in a paradigmatic relation, different from those in a syntagmatic relation, are _only.（分数：2.00）A.semanticB.lexicalC.syntacticD.sequential37.The following segmentation of the sentence “The studen
18、t/likes/the new linguistic professor“ truthfully reveals the_nature of sentence structure.（分数：2.00）A.hierarchicalB.linearC.horizontalD.parallel38.The word fan is formed by the way of_.（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.back-formationD.blending39._refers to the abstract properties of an entity; while_ re
19、fers to the concrete entities having these properties.（分数：2.00）A.Reference, denotationB.Connotation, denotationC.Sense, connotationD.Denotation, connotation40.The following sounds share one feature EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.nB.C.mD.p41.That the use of language involves a network of systems of choices is th
20、e opinion of_.（分数：2.00）A.HallidayB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Firth42.Of the following_does NOT belong to the three sub-types of antonymy.（分数：2.00）A.gradable antonymyB.converse antonymyC.complementary antonymyD.complete antonymy43._is not included in Firth“s famous Context of Situation theory.（分数：2.00）A.The
21、 non-verbal action of the participantsB.The properties of the phonematic unitsC.The relevant objectsD.The effects of the verbal action44.The phrase backwash effect is often used in_.（分数：2.00）A.systemic functional grammarB.error analysisC.testingD.sociolinguistics45.We can often find the phrase immed
22、iate constituents in _.（分数：2.00）A.transformational generative grammarB.systemic functional grammarC.traditional grammarD.structural grammar46.The following ideas about language are wrong EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.Language evolves within specific historical, social and cultural contextB.Language has a form-
23、sound correspondenceC.Language is a means of communicationD.Language is not related to any of the individuals who use it47.Because_ can distinguish one phoneme from another, it is a distinctive feature for English obstruents.（分数：2.00）A.voicingB.nasalizationC.placeD.aspiration48.Syntactic deep struct
24、ure was developed to_.（分数：2.00）A.explain relations between the sentences with the same meaningB.explain a single sentence with more than one meaningC.explain relations between the sentences with different meaningD.both A and B49.In general, linguistic change in_of a language is more noticeable than
25、that in other systems of the grammar.（分数：2.00）A.the sound systemB.the vocabularyC.the syntaxD.the sound system and the vocabulary50.Although English has borrowed most heavily from French, other languages have also made contributions. For example, tea, typhoon, and silk are from_, and seminar, noodle
26、 and poodle are from_.（分数：2.00）A.China; GermanB.Hindi; GermanC.China; HindiD.Turkish; China51._does NOT belong to semantic changes.（分数：2.00）A.BroadeningB.BorrowingC.Folk etymologyD.Class shift52.The meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized, while the meaning of an utterance is _.（分数：2
27、.00）A.context-independentB.concrete and context-dependentC.the sum total of its componentsD.never remains stable53.Obstruction between the back of the tongue and the velar area results in the pronunciation of（分数：2.00）A.kandgB.kandnC.gandhD.handk54._represents the deep structure Q Mary pres be please
28、d SOME REASON.（分数：2.00）A.For some reason Mary is pleased.B.Mary is pleased for some reason.C.Why is Mary pleased?D.Why Mary is pleased?55.Pair_belongs to the category of gradable antonyms.（分数：2.00）A.over/underB.weak/strongC.open/shutD.sell/buy56.Promises and offers are characteristic of the group of
29、_ of illocutionary acts.（分数：2.00）A.representativesB.declarativesC.commissivesD.expressives57.Speakers of particular social groups, such as teenagers, criminals, soldiers, or pop-groups, have their “in-group“ language called _.（分数：2.00）A.tabooB.jargonC.pidginD.dialect58._ refers to an abnormal type o
30、f word-formation where a shorter word is formed by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.（分数：2.00）A.Analogical creationB.AcronymC.AbbreviationD.Back-formation59.The process of word formation by shifting the word class to change the meaning of a word is called _.（分数：2.
31、00）A.broadeningB.meaning shiftC.conversionD.narrowing60.The characteristics of conversational implicature are the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.CalculabilityB.Non-detachabilityC.Non-conventionalityD.Non-relevancy61._ are pitch variations, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vo
32、cal cords.（分数：2.00）A.StressesB.LiaisonsC.IntonationsD.Tones62.The following factors contribute to the formation of new pronunciation EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.loss of soundB.additionC.assimilationD.gliding63.The sense relation which holds the pair of words guesthost is _.（分数：2.00）A.homonymyB.complementary
33、antonymyC.hyponymyD.converse antonymy64.A curriculum does NOT provide _.（分数：2.00）A.a specification of what takes place in the classroomB.detailed specification of aims, objectives in learningC.implementation of a programD.general statements about the rationale about language65._can be regarded as on
34、e of the intralingual errors(developmental errors).（分数：2.00）A.Because it was raining, so we took a taxi home.B.Though it was late, but we went on working.C.He goed to school earlier that day.D.He teach chemistry in a middle school.66.The sense relation which holds the pair of words beefmeat is _.（分数
35、：2.00）A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.homonymyD.converse antonymy67.In plain English BECOME(x,(ALIVE(x)means_.（分数：2.00）A.x becomes xB.x does not become xC.x becomes not aliveD.x becomes alive not68.The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is _.（分数：2.00）A.BoasB.SapirC.BloomfieldD.Nida69
36、.Chomsky follows_._ in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.（分数：2.00）A.relationalismB.behaviorismC.empiricismD.formalism70.In Halliday“s view, _processes are those in which something is done.（分数：2.00）A.materialB.relationalC.verbalD.mental四、简答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)71.Use your knowledge of semantics to e
37、xplain what makes the following humorous.(10 points)a. Question: How do you stop an elephant from charging? Answer:Take away his credit card.b. “巴乔在前有追兵、后有堵截的情况下带球冲入禁区。“（分数：2.00）_72.What happens to the vowels in such words as pen, hand, fine, and pond? Explain briefly the processes of sound change t
38、hey have gone through.(20 points)（分数：2.00）_73.Specify what type/branch of linguistic study will most likely deal with each of the following research questions.(10 points)A. What factors will influence the reliability of software to evaluate students“ writings?B. Are there certain variations in the p
39、ronunciation of the sound1between people in the South and North in China?C. Is it possible to use this device to recognize the kidnapper“s voice among thousands of calls you get every day?D. Are there anything lost when we translate a sentence into a logical form?E. What are the advantages of perfor
40、ming pedagogical tasks in class?F. Does the universal quantifier presuppose the existence of an entity named by the argument?G. Is it possible to find ways that can make context of speech explicit?H. How does language represent the way human beings perceive and conceptualize the world? I. Has blendi
41、ng become the major means by which people create new words today? J. In what kind of context will the production of a sound be influenced by a neighboring sound?（分数：2.00）_74.Try to imagine situations in which the following may occur. Discuss the language functions that these sentences mainly perform
42、.(10 points)a. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!b. The new president of the university is now delivering a speech at the main hall, c. “盼盼“ refers to the panda on page five.d. How do you get four elephants into a Volkswagen? Two in the front and two in the back!（分数：2.00）_75.Analyze the constructio
43、n The boy ate the apple by means of both TREE DIAGRAM and BRACKETING in detail.(10 points)（分数：2.00）_76.Observe the following examples of Orientational Metaphors and then describe their characteristics.(20 points)a. I“m feeling up.b. That boosted my spirits.c. My spirits rose.d. You“re in high spirit
44、s.e. Thinking about her always gives me a lift.f. I“m feeling down.g. I“m depressed.h. He“s really low these days. i. I fell into a depression. j. My spirits sank.（分数：2.00）_2011年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、判断题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The clear /l/ and the dark / （分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False
45、解析：解析：考查音位变体和自由变体。同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。l和2.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexives like myself and reciprocals like each other.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False 解析：解析：考查回指和回指语。回指(anaphora)是指一个(往往是简略的)语言表达式用来指代同一篇章中(通常是上文已经出现过的，但也不排除是下文中的)另一个语言表达式所表达的意义或事物，其中前一个表达式叫做回指语(anaphor)。回指语
46、从狭义上来理解，只包括 myself这样的反身代词和 each other这样的相互代词。3.Language is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.（分数：2.00）A.True B.False解析：解析：考查语言与社会的关系。语言不是一种孤立的现象，而是人类在一定的社会环境下进行的一种社会活动。4.A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.（分数：2.00）A.True B.False解析：解析：考查词干。词干指能加屈折词缀的语素(组合)，它相当于词根或词根加派生词缀。5.Two words, or two expressions, which have the same semantic components, will be synonymous to each other.（分数：2.00）A.True B.False解析：解析：考查同义关系。两个有相同语义
