1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习三及答案解析(总分：155.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Two experimental garden plots were each planted with the same number of tomato plants. Magnesium salts were added to the first plot but not to the second. The first plot produced 20 pounds of tomatoes and the second plot produced 10 pounds. Since nothin
2、g else but water was added to either plot, the higher yields in the first plot must have been due to the magnesium salts.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.A small amount of the magnesium salts from the first plot leached into the second plot.B.Toma
3、to plants in a third experimental plot, to which a high-nitrogen fertilizer was added, but no magnesium salts, produced 15 pounds of tomatoes.C.Four different types of tomatoes were grown in equal proportions in each of the plots.D.Some weeds that compete with tomatoes cannot tolerate high amounts o
4、f magnesium salts in the soil.E.(E) The two experimental plots differed from each other with respect to soil texture and exposure to sunlight.2.In the course of her researches, a historian recently found two documents mentioning the same person, Erich Schnitzler. One, dated May 3, 1739, is a record
5、of Schnitzlers arrest for peddling without a license. The second, undated, is a statement by Schnitzler asserting that he has been peddling off and on for 20 years.The facts above best support which of the following conclusions?（分数：5.00）A.Schnitzler started peddling around 1719.B.Schnitzler was arre
6、sted repeatedly for peddling.C.The undated document was written before 1765.D.The arrest record was written after the undated document.E.(E) The arrest record provides better evidence that Schnitzler peddled than does the undated document.3.Normally, increases in the price of a product decrease its
7、sales except when the price increase accompanies an improvement in the product. Wine is unusual, however. Often increases in the price of a particular producers wine will result in increased sales, even when the wine itself is unchanged.Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the anoma
8、ly described above?（分数：5.00）A.The retail wine market is characterized by an extremely wide range of competing products.B.Many consumers make decisions about which wines to purchase on the basis of reviews of wine published in books and periodicals.C.Consumers selecting wine in a store often use the
9、price charged as their main guide to the wines quality.D.Wine retailers and producers can generally increase the sales of a particular wine temporarily by introducing a price discount.E.(E) Consumers who purchase wine regularly generally have strong opinions about which wines they prefer.4.The Chant
10、erelle, a type of wild mushroom, grows beneath host trees such as the Douglas fir, which provide it with necessary sugars. The underground filaments of Chanterelles, which extract the sugars, in turn provide nutrients and water for their hosts. Because of this mutually beneficial relationship, harve
11、sting the chanterelles growing beneath a Douglas fir seriously endangers the tree.Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?（分数：5.00）A.The number of wild mushrooms harvested has increased in recent years.B.Chanterelles grow not only beneath Douglas firs but
12、alto beneath other host trees.C.Many types of wild mushrooms are found only in forests and cannot easily be grown elsewhere.D.The harvesting of wild mushrooms stimulates future growth of those mushrooms.E.(E) Young Douglas fir seedlings die without the nutrients and water provided by Chanterelle fil
13、aments.5.A severe drought can actually lessen the total amount of government aid that United States farmers receive as a group. The government pays farmers the amount, if any, by which the market price at which crops are actually sold falls short of a preset target price per bushel for the crops. Th
14、e drought of 1983, for example, caused farm-program payments to drop by $10 billion.Given the information above, which of the following, if true, best explains why the drought of 1983 resulted in a reduction in farm-program payments?（分数：5.00）A.Prior to the drought of 1983, the government raised the
15、target price for crops in order to aid farmers in reducing their debt loads.B.Due to the drought of 1983, United States farmers exported less food in 1983 than in the preceding year.C.Due to the drought of 1983, United States farmers had smaller harvests and thus received a higher market price for t
16、he 1983 crop than for the larger crop of the preceding year.D.Due to the drought of 1983, United States farmers planned to plant smaller crops in 1984 than they had in 1983.E.(E) Despite the drought of 1983, retail prices for food did not increase significantly between 1982 and 1983.6.Mayor: Four ye
17、ars ago when we reorganized the city police department in order to save money, critics claimed that the reorganization would make the police less responsive to citizens and would thus lead to more crime. The police have compiled theft statistics from the years following the reorganization that show
18、that the critics were wrong. There was an overall decrease in reports of thefts of all kinds, including small thefts.Which of the following, if true, most seriously challenges the mayors argument?（分数：5.00）A.When city police are perceived as unresponsive, victims of theft are less likely to report th
19、efts to the police.B.The mayors critics generally agree that police statistics concerning crime reports provide the most reliable available data on crime rates.C.In other cities where police departments have been similarly reorganized, the numbers of reported thefts have generally risen following re
20、organization.D.The mayors reorganization of the police department failed to save as much money as it was intended to save.E.(E) During the four years immediately preceding the reorganization, reports of all types of theft had been rising steadily in comparison to reports of other crimes.7.Archaeolog
21、ists have found wheeled ceramic toys made by the Toltec, twelfth-century inhabitants of what is now Veracruz. Although there is no archaeological evidence that the Toltec used wheels for anything but toys, some anthropologists hypothesize that wheeled utility vehicles were used to carry materials ne
22、eded for the monumental structures the Toltec produced.Which of the following, if true, would most help the anthropologists explain the lack of evidence noted above?（分数：5.00）A.The Toltec sometimes incorporated into their toys representations of utensils or other devices that served some practical pu
23、rpose.B.Any wheeled utility vehicles used by the Toltec could have been made entirely of wood, and unlike ceramic, wood decays rapidly in the humid climate of Veracruz.C.Carvings in monument walls suggest that the Toltecs wheeled ceramic toys sometimes had ritual uses in addition to being used by bo
24、th children and adults as decorations and playthings.D.Wheeled utility vehicles were used during the twelfth century in many areas of the world, but during this time wheeled toys were not very common in areas outside Veracruz.E.(E) Some of the wheeled ceramic toys were found near the remains of monu
25、mental structures.8.The recent upheaval in the office-equipment retail business, in which many small firms have gone out of business, has been attributed to the advent of office equipment “superstores“ whose high sales volume keeps their prices low. This analysis is flawed, however, since even today
26、 the superstores control a very small share of the retail market.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that the analysis is flawed?（分数：5.00）A.Most of the larger customers for office equipment purchase under contract directly from manufacturers and thus do not participate in
27、 the retail market.B.The superstores heavy advertising of their low prices has forced prices down throughout the retail market for office supplies.C.Some of the superstores that only recently opened have themselves gone out of business.D.Most of the office equipment superstores are owned by large re
28、tailing chains that also own stores selling other types of goods.E.(E) The growing importance of computers in most offices has changed the kind of office equipment retailers must stock.9.Despite a dramatic increase in the number of people riding bicycles for recreation in Parkville, a recent report
29、by the Parkville Department of Transportation shows that the number of accidents involving bicycles has decreased for the third consecutive year.Which of the following, if true during the last three years, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the facts above?（分数：5.00）A.The Parkville Departmen
30、t of Recreation confiscated abandoned bicycles and sold them at auction to any interested Parkville residents.B.Increased automobile and bus traffic in Parkville has been the leading cause of the most recent increase in automobile accidents.C.Because of the local increase in the number of people bic
31、ycling for recreation, many out-of-town bicyclists ride in the Parkville area.D.The Parkville Police Department enforced traffic roles for bicycle riders much more vigorously and began requiring recreational riders to pass a bicycle safety course.E.(E) The Parkville Department of Transportation canc
32、eled a program that required all bicycles to be inspected and registered each year.10.Dance critic from Europe: The improved quality of ballet in the United States is the result of more Europeans teaching ballet in the United States than ever before. I know the proportion of teachers who were born a
33、nd trained in Europe has gone up among ballet teachers in the United States, because last year, on my trip to New York, more of the ballet teachers I met were from Europeborn and trained therethan ever before.Which of the following identifies a questionable assumption made by the dance critics reaso
34、ning?（分数：5.00）A.The argument overlooks the possibility that some ballet teachers in the United States could have been born in Europe but trained in the United States.B.The argument assumes that the ballet teachers whom the critic met last year on the critics trip to New York were a generally typical
35、 group of such teachers.C.The argument assumes that the teaching of ballet in the United States is superior to the teaching of ballet in Europe.D.Other possible reasons for the improved mental attitudes of United States dancers are not examined.E.(E) The argument assumes that dancers born and traine
36、d in Europe are typically more talented than dancers born and trained in the United States.11.That sales can be increased by the presence of sunlight within a store has been shown by the experience of the only Savefast department store with a large skylight. The skylight allows sunlight into half of
37、 the store, reducing the need for artificial light. The rest of the store uses only artificial light. Since the store opened two years ago, the departments on the sunlit side have had substantially higher sales than the other departments.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument
38、?（分数：5.00）A.On particularly cloudy days, more artificial light is used to illuminate the part of the store under the skylight.B.When the store is open at night, the departments in the part of the store under the skylight have sales that are no higher than those of other departments.C.Many customers
39、purchase items from departments in both parts of the store on a single shopping trip.D.Besides the skylight, there are several significant architectural differences between the two parts of the store.E.(E) The departments in the part of the store under the skylight are the departments that generally
40、 have the highest sales in other stores in the Savefast chain.12.On turning 65 years old, everyone living in the town of Malton becomes eligible to receive a card that guarantees discounts on most goods and services sold in the town. Census records for 1990 show that 2,450 inhabitants of Malton turn
41、ed 64 in that year. Yet, in 1991 over 3,000 people applied for and properly received discount cards. So clearly some of Maltons population growth between 1990 and 1992 must be attributable to migration into the city by people in their mid-60s.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argu
42、ment depends?（分数：5.00）A.The town of Malton has no complete census records for 1991.B.The overall size of the population of Malton grew by over 500 during 1990.C.Fewer people applied for and received discount cards in 1991 than did so in 1992.D.Among the people 65 years old or older who moved into Ma
43、lton in 1991, there was no one who did not apply for a discount card.E.(E) In general, people who applied for and received discount cards in 1991 first became eligible to do so in that year.13.The only purpose for which a particular type of tape is needed is to hold certain surgical wounds closed fo
44、r ten days the maximum time such wounds need tape. Newtape is a new brand of this type of tape. Newtapes salespeople claim that Newtape will improve healing because Newtape adheres twice as long as the currently used tape does.Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously call int
45、o question the claim made by Newtapes salespeople?（分数：5.00）A.Most surgical wounds take about ten days to heal.B.Most surgical tape is purchased by hospitals and clinics rather than by individual surgeons.C.The currently used tapes adhesiveness is more than sufficient to hold wounds closed for ten da
46、ys.D.Neither Newtape nor the currently used tape adheres well to skin that has not been cleaned.E.(E) Newtapes adhesion to skin that has been coated with a special chemical preparation is only half as good as the currently used tapes adhesion to such coated skin.14.Do strong electric currents, by me
47、ans of the electromagnetic fields that accompany them, cause cancer in people who live and work nearby? Telephone line workers, who work near such currents every day, can provide a test case. They show elevated levels of brain cancer; therefore, the hypothesis of electromagnetic causation is support
48、ed.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?（分数：5.00）A.Burying power lines and other measures to protect the public from such electromagnetic fields would be prohibitively expensive.B.Telephone line workers are exposed to levels of chemical solvents high enough to cause b
49、rain cancer.C.High exposure to strong electromagnetic fields is correlated with a slightly higher-than-normal incidence of childhood leukemia, which is a form of cancer.D.Public health officials who found that a group of different illnesses in people living near a power substation could not reliably be attributed to its electromagnetic field were accused of covering up the facts.E.(E) Telephone line workers, like most people have electrical appliances at home, and most electrical appliances, when turned on, are surrounded by an electromagnetic field of some measurable leve
