1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 100 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent“. Its an intera
2、ctive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the key words legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening
3、. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to
4、 the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you, “Every time you answer a question, you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what y
5、ou think you want to do then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get an e-mail, con
6、sider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages
7、 to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a shar
8、p increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when neg
9、otiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder. “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.（分数：10.00）(1).How did Redmon find his job?（分数：2.00）A.By searching openin
10、gs in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By e-mailing his resume to a database.(2).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of counseling.B.Limited number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer
11、 successful matches.(3).The expression “tip service“(Line 4, Para. 3)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.advisoryB.compensationC.interactionD.reminder(4).Why does Career Sites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?（分数：2.00）A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.
12、C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search agents are also helpful
13、to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a d
14、isadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advanta
15、ge that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B
16、 and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Ch
17、irac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coinci
18、dence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the ret sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior
19、 gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less c
20、onfidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and
21、attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：2.00）A.A kind of overlooked inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejud
22、ice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discriminati
23、on is too subtle to recognize.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their
24、eyesight(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“(Line 2, Para.5)?（分数：2.00）A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Pe
25、ople with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen
26、Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a goo
27、d economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars. “ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are
28、 going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. Fo
29、r retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned,
30、not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions
31、. In Manhattan, “Theres a new gold rush happening in the $ 4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two o
32、r three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubble
33、s in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For tha
34、t, Greenspan “Continuing along this path,“ says writer Earl Shorris. “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulit
35、zer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U.S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence h
36、ave been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 yea
37、rs and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. “ Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is diff
38、erent from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. School remains a p
39、lace where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise“.（分数：10.00）(1).What do American paren
40、ts expect their children to acquire in school?（分数：2.00）A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.(2).We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of_.（分数：2.00）A.undervaluing in
41、tellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence(3).The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are_.（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposite(4).Emerson, according to the text, is probably_.（分数：2.00）A.a pioneer of education reformB.an oppon
42、ent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling(5).What does the author think of intellect?（分数：2.00）A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common sense.C.It is to be pursued.D.It underlies power.考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 100 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading
43、 Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent“. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria s
44、uch as location, title, and salary, then e-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the key words legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who e-mailed his resum
45、e to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for
46、 Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you, “Every time you answer a question, you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do then broaden it. “None of thes
47、e programs do that,“ says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get an e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I wo
48、uld not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for exam
49、ple, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm the
