1、南京大学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION STRUCTURE (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Until the constitution is _, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.A. corrected B. amended C. remedied D. revised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Several experts have been called in to_pla
2、n for boating, tennis, refreshments and childrens game in the projected town park.A. equipment B. instruments C. implement D. facilities（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.You can try _ with the landlord for more time to play the money.A. pleading B. requesting C. demanding D. dealing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.His sprained
3、ankle _ his chances of winning the tournament.A. damaged B. broke C. ruined D. demolished（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.When he realized he had been _. to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A. elicited B. excited C. deduced D. induced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
4、6.While attempting to look into the case,_A. he found it was difficult B. the case was difficultC. it happened that the case is difficult D. difficult as the case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7._you cannot pick me up at the airport, please call me immediately.A. In order that B. In the event that C. If only D. U
5、nless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is impossible that the brain,_, will be replaced by computerA. as we know B. which we know C. we know that D. we know（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Its more difficult to solve a problem than_A. a question is found B. finding a questionC. that of finding a question D. to find a questio
6、n（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10._ in doing an examination, the time passed by quickly.A. Being absorbed B. Having been absorbedC. When they were absorbed D. Be absorbed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that are t
7、he main focus of social psychology.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Although we had been present at roughly the same time, Mr. Brown say the situation quite different from the way I saw it.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Should John resign and Henry succeed him, we would have had a more vigorous leader
8、ship.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Historically, no artiste have presented clearer or the more complete records of the-development of human culture than sculptors haveA. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Although the police are given considerable authority by society to enforce its laws, they get a relat
9、ively low salary as compared with that of other occupational groups which have much fewer authority.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Thirteen hundred medical professionals, all of which have been trained to treat drug dependency, attended the annual convention sponsored by a societyA. B. C. D.（分数：1.00
10、）A.B.C.D.17.More than three years after moving from Australia to this remote point of England, we are still learning how things have done here.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any better than adults in similar classroom
11、 situations.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.When he speaks at banquets, he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake hands with every waiter and waitress.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Other guests at yesterdays opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, included the princess
12、 and her husband.A. B. C. D.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Science writers must 21 information regarding scientific events. In this capacity, they make the information clearer and more understandable and help readers to coordinate fresh information 22 the knowledge they already have 23 the
13、y can relate it to personal circumstances. Science journalism also means making readers curious and entertaining them. Entertainment is the most successful didactic form. Journalists supply readers 24 material for further education and opinion-formation, because, in a society 25 terms like growth, m
14、arket economy and full employment are filled with new meanings and basic technical innovations such as microelectronics and genetic engineering effect social changes, continuing education is a political necessity. The science journalist also makes 26 to the reader fields of knowledge hitherto 27 to
15、him, conveys the fascination of science and 28 readers to follow discussions and controversies between experts.Do the popular science publications accomplish all this? If one analyzes the science magazines 29 to, one comes to the conclusion that science journalism has reached a high degree of maturi
16、ty and finds the necessary reader 30 （分数：10.00）(1).A. elect B. filter C. choose D. select（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. to B. for C. with D. by（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. so that B. in order that C. in the fact that D. on condition that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. for B. with C. on D. about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. o
17、n which B. by which C. in which D. of which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. access B. accessible C. accessor D. accessory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. know B. known C. unknowns D. unknown（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. makes B. helps C. enables D. unable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. let B. referred C. related D. concerned（分数：1.
18、00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. acceptance B. to accept C. acceptable D. acceptant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、SECTION READING CO(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage 1In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other
19、 resources such as labor, material, and capital. This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as
20、in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of t
21、he United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently im
22、posed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible
23、, both syntactically and semantically.The second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies - the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the
24、 perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the countrys computer mar
25、ket, which in turn represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. However, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are
26、likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21 st century.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is mainly about _A. the remarkable rise in information-processing activitiesB. a sharp increase in information-intensive activitiesC. information as
27、an economic resourceD. the birth of information society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of information?A. Information can be condensed.B. Information can be consumed through use.C. Information can be shared by many people.D. Information can be delivered at very hig
28、h speed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The characteristics of information are_those of those economic resources.A. same with B. different from C. contrary to D. opposite to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to this passage, the market share of_A. the U.S. information service was equivalent to 40 percent of the gl
29、obal market shareB. the U.S. information service sector was about one-seventh of the global market shareC. computers in the United States had reached about $3.5 billion by 1992D. computers in the United States is much smaller than that of television（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which would be the most approp
30、riate title for the passage?A. Information SocietyB. Characteristics of InformationC. Two Major Utilitarian ConnotationsD. Information as a Resource and Commodity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 2Pity those who aspire to put the initials Ph.D after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education
31、, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can ofte
32、n take a further three. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutti
33、ng short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of Ph.D candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRCS response has been to stop Ph.D grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year
34、of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics - including Oxford University, the Lo
35、ndon School of Economics and the London Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research ski
36、lls, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two Ph.D candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency ra
37、ther than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if Ph.D students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are underta
38、king their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC cannot dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force
39、 departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.（分数：10.00）(1).By the time new doctors get a job and t
40、ry to finish their theses in spare time_A. their holidays and evenings have been mined by their jobsB. most of them are completely tired of their research subjectC. most of them have got some fatal diseasesD. most of their grants are running out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Oxford University would be exclude
41、d out of those universities that receive Ph.D grants from_A. 25% B. 39% C. 55% D. 10%（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which is not argument against ESRCs policy?A. All the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negative, which will inevitably result in howls of protestsB. Faster completion rates may re
42、sult from lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics rather than efficiencyC. It takes some good students longer to finish their theses because they go more quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills.D. Polytechnics students performances vary unpredictably and penalty based
43、on these completion rates is not justified.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The ESRC would prefer_A. that Ph.D students were less modest in their aimsB. that more students were carrying out knowledge-based studiesC. more systematic teaching of research skillsD. higher standards of Ph.D students theses and more
44、ambitious doctoral topics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What the ESRC can do is to_A. force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB. try to persuade universities to change their waysC. dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD. notify students they want less elaborate style of t
45、hesis（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 3Practically speaking, the artiste maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (18751948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in fu
46、ll length as they would have appeared onstage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by mo
47、st directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and record
48、ing each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative-editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic
49、intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration, as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actio
