1、南京大学考博英语-5 及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The editorial described drug abuse as the greatest calamity of our age.（分数：1.00）A.catalystB.disasterC.casualtyD.retaliation2.Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans
2、 the left half of the brain controls language.（分数：1.00）A.fields of studyB.groups of expertsC.seminarsD.regulations3.The new administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry.（分数：1.00）A.encouragementB.limitationC.noninterferenceD.interference4.Even after ten years her name conjures
3、up such beautiful memories.（分数：1.00）A.covers upB.revealsC.brings to mindD.makes up5.The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.（分数：1.00）A.substituteB.recollectC.restockD.resume6.The C
4、hisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred _.（分数：1.00）A.the area in which dinosaurs roamedB.when dinosaurs roamed the areaC.did dinosaurs roam the areaD.dinosaurs roaming the area7.Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was con
5、fined to her home by her tyrannical father.（分数：1.00）A.constrictedB.drawnC.tiedD.restricted8._ three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.（分数：1.00）A.Because having been defeatedB.Because being defeatedC.Having been defeatedD.Having defeated9._ initial recognition while still quite yo
6、ung.（分数：1.00）A.Most famous scientists achievedB.That most famous scientists schievedC.Most famous scientists who achievedD.For most famous scientists to achieve10.Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.（分数：1.00）A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat三、Part B(总题
7、数：10，分数：10.00)11.Geologists (at) the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (rely on) (a number of) instruments to (studying) the volcanoes in Hawaii. A. at B. rely on C. a number of D. studying （分数：1.00）12.(Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly e
8、very) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every （分数：1.00）13.Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height). A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height （分数：1.00）14.(After having studied) (so hard) for more than two mo
9、nths, he (felt confidently) of (success). A. After having studied B. so hard C. felt confidently D. success （分数：1.00）15.Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height). A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height （分数：1.00）16.(Depictions
10、) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every （分数：1.00）17.Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the body“s calcium balance (and) tooth decay. A. research B. what C. lin
11、k between D. and （分数：1.00）18.Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height). A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height （分数：1.00）19.Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the western, (has been) a resurgence (in
12、) popularity (in recent years). A. types B. has been C. in D. in recent years （分数：1.00）20.Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons). A. alike B. that C. possess D. skeletons （分数：1.00）四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：39.00)As a wise man once said, we ar
13、e all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn“t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe“s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift
14、away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism“ over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have
15、greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans“ private byes. Europe“s new economic climate has largely fosterd the trend toward independence, the current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe“s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.
16、 Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today“s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived
17、 alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twentysometing professionals or widowed senior citizens, while pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living
18、alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harde
19、r than ever. And that doesn“t leave much room for relationships. Pirnpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn“t got time to get lonely becanse he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult. Only an Iddeal W
20、oman would make him change his lifestyle,“ he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming“, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expext morn and more of mates, so relationships don“t last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berline
21、r with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbarthes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she“d never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I“ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self
22、-determined life.“（分数：5.00）(1).More and more young Europeans remain single because _.（分数：1.00）A.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageB.they are pessimistic about their economic futureC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of ind
23、ividualism(2).What is said about Europan society in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismB.It has limited consumer“s choice despite a free marketC.It is being threatened by irresistible privatizationD.It has fostered the trend towards small families(3).According to
24、 Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are _.（分数：1.00）A.negative and gloomyB.on either side of marriageC.healthy and wealthyD.warm and lighthearted(4).The author quotes Eppendorf to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.most Europeans conceive living a sing
25、le life as unacceptableC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day, Europe(5).What is the author“s purpose in writing the passage?（分数：1.00）A.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismB.To examine the
26、 trend of young people living aloneC.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationshipsD.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of
27、 Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mother
28、ing. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitiv
29、e to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slo
30、w and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;
31、at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Rece
32、nt evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man“s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is th
33、e young brain“s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the sig
34、nals in the child“s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child“s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and develop
35、ment of language.（分数：8.00）(1).The purpose of Frederick II“s experiment was_（分数：2.00）A.to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to spe
36、akD.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language(2).The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_（分数：2.00）A.they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB.they are exposed to too much language at onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their att
37、empts to speakD.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them(3).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The faculty of speech is inborn in manB.Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learningC.Human brain is capable of language analysis
38、 at very early ageD.Most children learn their language in definite stages(4).If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _ in the future.（分数：2.00）A.have a high IQB.be insensitive to verbal signalsC.be less intelligentD.not necessarily be backwardThe growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. h
39、as tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no more than that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of c
40、ell-phone serviceits reliability, quality, and notorious customer service. The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone cardersVerizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatiz
41、es starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular
42、. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense br
43、iskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived bec
44、ause the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind peo
45、ple that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfi
46、sh service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulties of writing satiric literatureB.Popular topics of satireC.New philosophies emerging from satiric literatu
47、reD.Reasons for the popularity of satire(2).Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.They are famous examples of satiric literatureB.They present commonsense solutions to problemsC.They are appropriate for readers of all agesD.T
48、hey are books with similar stories(3).Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?（分数：2.00）A.Newly emerging philosophiesB.Odd combination of objects and ideasC.Abstract discussion of morals and ethicsD.Wholesome characters who are unselfish(4).According to the passage, there is a need
49、for satire because people need to be_（分数：2.00）A.informed about new scientific developmentB.exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC.reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD.told how they can be of service to their communities五、Part Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)21.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW“s - such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ag
