1、考研数学二-行列式、矩阵(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be (1) on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is
2、 less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2) it is not far off that of Latvia-one of the ten new members which (3) on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4) of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5) talks with the EU that could make t
3、hem full members on January 1st 2007.(6) , the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7) of growth that no EU country comes close to (8) . Tu
4、rkeys (9) rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10) agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey (11) inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience.Resilience has no
5、t historically been the countrys economic strong point. (12) , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13) a violent heart attack. This (14) has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of s
6、uch investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15) have scarcely ever reached $1 billion.One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16) on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six
7、 zeros will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉，土耳其货币单位);one unit of the local (17) will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now-ie, about 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be (18) in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19) foreign bankers and (20) can begin to look
8、forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.（分数：10.00）(1).A decided B voted C elected D appointed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A But B So C Though D While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A presented B attended C joined D participated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4
9、).A that B which C those D these（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A application B accession C reception D negotiation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Unfortunately B However C Therefore D Furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A ratio B rate C rhythm D rhyme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A approaching B surpassing C matching D succeeding（
10、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A inflation B interest C investment D tariff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A claimed B reached C concluded D achieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A reduce B drop C shrink D descend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Instead B Indeed C Accordingly D Surprisingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A manifesting B accountin
11、g C recording D photocopying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A mobility B flexibility C stability D irregularity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A inflows B imports C exports D outputs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A revive B remain C disappear D discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A current B currency C stock D share（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.
12、(18).A priced B labeled C claimed D exchanged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A though B but C for D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A merchants B travelers C investors D executives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A small group of Internet security s
13、pecialists gathered in Singapore to start up a global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then secure
14、ly store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical In
15、ternet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic securit
16、y, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and sc
17、andals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kami
18、nsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in todays Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason f
19、or these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the networks underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in
20、Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are gene
21、rally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.（分数：10.00）(1).It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the global system the Internet security specialists gat
22、hered to start up_.A is still on the drawing boardB can put an end to Internet fraudC has won specialists much acclaimD has multi-advantages over previous ones（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “counteract“(Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_.A eliminate B offsetC divert D exploit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(
23、3).It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that_.A the Net security system has protected lots of companies from data theftsB scientists sees the Net Security System as a promising technologyC companies like Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisisD communication via the Internet makes people more conf
24、ident（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can infer from the last paragraph that_.A the Net security system will catch on soonB engineers prefer to wait and see how things goC actions are taken to utilize the security systemD more countries are supposed to invest in the system（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What would be t
25、he best title for the text?A An Independent Net Security System Is UsedB Secure DNS Has Grown Mature NowadaysC Secure DNS Will Become A Popular TechnologyD A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This book is written expressly for students in an attempt to
26、 present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the
27、organic and biochemistry sections that follow. The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurse. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an exten
28、t that organic and biochemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursin
29、g but also it is of more interest to the student. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged tha
30、t a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry. The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book
31、, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course. The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to vari
32、ous courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours, the entire contents of the book may
33、 be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry. The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistr
34、y may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry. （分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book? A One must first review his high school courses. B Previous courses in chemistry are necessary. C A good mastery of b
35、iochemistry is essential. D One neednt have studied chemistry before.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors experience, the students are most interested in_. A chemistry as a whole B biochemistry C inorganic chemistry D organic chemistry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of t
36、his book is its_. A vividness of the language B simplicity in presentation C adaptability to various needs D complexity of the plot（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude towards this book is_. A doubtful B critical C apathetic D approving（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The purpose of this book is_. A to pro
37、vide students with helpful and interesting material B to preface the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistry C to present inorganic and organic chemistry in details D to raise nonprofessional students interests in chemistry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Who is poor in America
38、? This is a hard question to answer. Despite povertys messiness, weve measured progress against it by a single statistic: the federal poverty line. In 2008, the poverty threshold was $ 21,834 for a four-member family with two children under 18. By 1his measure, we havent made much progress. Except f
39、or recessions, when the poverty rate can rise to 15 percent, its stayed in a narrow range for decades. In 2007the peak of the last business cyclethe poverty rate was 12.5 percent; one out of eight Americans was “poor. “ In 1969, another business-cycle peak, the poverty rate was 12.1 percent. But the
40、 apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007, about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanicsmostly immigrants, their children, and gra
41、ndchildren. The poverty rate for blacks fell during this period, though it was still much too high (24.5 percent in 2007). Poverty “experts“ dont dwell on immigration, because it implies that more restrictive policies might reduce U.S. poverty.Second, the poors material well-being has improved. The
42、official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pretax cash income and ignoring other sources of support. These include the earned-income tax credit (a rebate to low-income workers), food stamps, health insurance (Medicaid), and housing subsidies. Although many poor live hand to mouth, theyv
43、e participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91 percent had microwaves, 79 percent air-conditioning, and 48 percent cell phones.The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses (example: child care). Unfortunately, the administrations pro
44、posal for a “supplemental poverty measure“ in 2011to complement, not replace, the existing poverty linegoes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.The “supplemental measure“ tie
45、s the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold not yet calculatedwill probably be higher than todays poverty line. Moreover, this definition has strange consequences. Suppose that all Americans doubled their income
46、 tomorrow, and suppose that their spending on food, clothing, housing, and utilities also doubled. That would seem to signify less povertybut not by the new poverty measure. It wouldnt decline, because the poverty threshold would go up as spending went up. Many Americans would find this weird., peop
47、le get richer, but “poverty“ stays stuck.What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automati
48、cally poor if theyre a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.（分数：10.00）(1).That the poverty rate does not vary muchA shows that Americans are relatively rich.B does not mean that Americans arent getting richer.C means that no progress has been made for decades.D shows that Americans are not getting richer.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Poverty experts are reluctant to talk about immigration becauseA they may be immigrants or children of immigrants.B they dont admit that blacks have improved their life.C poverty has been reduced through res
