1、考研英语(一)-38 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Being fat is bad for you. U U 1 /U /Uthat, almost everyone agrees. It is just possible, U U 2 /U /U,
2、 that almost everyone is wrong. In fact, getting fat may be a mechanism that U U 3 /U /Uthe body. The health problems U U 4 /U /Uwith fatness may not be caused by it but be another U U 5 /U /U, another symptom, of overeating.That is the U U 6 /U /Uof Roger Unger and Philip Scherer. Dr. Unger and Dr.
3、 Scherer have been reviewing the science of what has come to be known as metabolic syndrome. This is a cluster of symptoms such as high blood U U 7 /U /U, insulin resistance and fatness that seem to increase the U U 8 /U /Uof heart disease and strokes, diabetes and liver disease. “Syndrome“ is the m
4、edical term for a(n) U U 9 /U /Uof symptoms whose common cause is not U U 10 /U /Uunderstood. The symptom of metabolic syndrome that appears first is usually U U 11 /U /U, so this is generally U U 12 /U /Uas the underlying cause.Dr. Unger and Dr. Scherer, U U 13 /U /Uturn this logic on its head. The
5、y point out that there is usually a period of many years between a person becoming U U 14 /U /Uand his developing the other U U 15 /U /U. If the growth of adipose tissue (the body cells in which fat is stored) were U U 16 /U /Uharmful, that would not be the U U 17 /U /U. This is one of the lines of
6、evidence that has led them to the conclusion that, U U 18 /U /Uits role in storing energy as a hedge against future famine, getting fat is a protective mechanism U U 19 /U /Umetabolic syndrome.Their thesis is that lipids (the group of molecules that includes fats), which are needed in small amounts
7、to make cell membranes, are toxic in larger quantities. U U 20 /U /Uthem into adipose tissue is one of the bodys ways of dealing with that toxicity.（分数：10.00）(1). A. In B. At C. With D. On（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. thus B. though C. hence D. unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. damages B. protects C. induce
8、s D. guides（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. associated B. unconcerned C. caused D. involved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. origin B. factor C. account D. consequence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. proposal B. invention C. masterpiece D. utterance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. suppression B. tension C. pressure D. circulation（分
9、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. risk B. consequence C. severity D. prevalence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. integration B. distribution C. collection D. inclination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. properly B. credibly C. academically D. artificially（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. injury B. obesity C. famine D. misery（分数：0.50）A
10、.B.C.D.(12). A. reconciled B. charged C. overcame D. regarded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. as a result B. first of all C. however D. therefore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. abnormal B. slender C. overweight D. negligible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. symptoms B. matters C. resistances D. agonies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(
11、16). A. directly B. genuinely C. continuously D. concisely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. reason B. result C. cause D. case（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. less than B. as far as C. in addition to D. with respect to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. beyond B. against C. for D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. Disposing B. Tos
12、sing C. Absorbing D. Occupying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The economic debate in the U.S. regarding the fiscal stimulus package centered on “bang for the buck,“ that is, on whether tax cuts or spending increases would produce m
13、ore jobs. This limited perspective is very misleading, however: the choice of spending versus taxes should turn first and foremost on the purposes of government, or what economists call “the allocation of resources.“ Its silly to debate whether investing in a $1OO-million bridge creates more jobs th
14、an a $1OO-million tax cut if we need the bridge! The American Society of Civil Engineers has long documented the crumbling state of U.S. infrastructure and the pressing need for $2.2 trillion in investments for our well-being and competitiveness.Government spending and taxation affect the distributi
15、on of income demographically and temporally. America ranks 22nd out of 23 high-income countries in public social outlays as a percentage of national income for health, pensions, income support and other social services. Our political discourse tends to focus on the middle class and neglect the poor,
16、 whereas our tax and spending policies often benefit the wealthy. As a result, the U.S. has the largest poverty rate, income inequality and per-capita prison population of any high-income nation, as well as the worst health conditionsThe timing of tax cuts and spending increases also affects the wel
17、l-being of todays generation versus future ones. The U.S. has a chronic fiscal deficit because federal taxation is enough to cover only five types of federal programs: retirement and disability, medical care, veterans programs, defense and homeland security, and interest on the public debt. All othe
18、r federal outlays are in effect funded by borrowing. The chronic deficit problem, now at least 5 percent of GNP (Gross National Product), will tend to get much worse as the population ages and health care costs rise, until we finally choose to tax ourselves adequately to pay for the government we ne
19、ed and want.Temporary deficits can boost the economy in a recession, although temporary income tax cuts and rebates tend to be saved rather than spent. Prolonged deficit spending, however, would impose future burdens. The most obvious will be the need to service the public debts owed to China and ot
20、her holders of treasury bills-the U.S. is on a path to multiply its already massive international debts. Less obviously, the huge budget deficits will crowd out some private investment spending and exports as the economy recovers. Higher taxes needed to cover the service on that debt will not only s
21、queeze consumption but may also distort the economy through disincentives on saving, work or other activities.（分数：10.00）(1).The author holds that the focus of the debate is misleading in that _. A. $1OO-million tax cut is obviously more important. B. building a $1OO-million bridge is of top priority
22、. C. the aims of government should be considered first. D. the state of U.S. infrastructure is of significance.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can conclude from paragraph 2 that _. A. Government spending and taxation have nothing to do with peoples livelihood. B. Political and economic policies has a negati
23、ve impact on some Americans livelihood. C. tax and spending policies plays a very important role in reducing debts. D. increasing private investment spending and export can boost economy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The chronic fiscal deficit of the U.S. is due to _. A. increasing federal programs. B. expen
24、ses for the aged and the disabled. C. increased health care costs. D. insufficient federal taxation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. A. temporary income tax cuts can not promote consumption. B. temporary deficit can make economy condition become better. C. temp
25、orary deficit spending has a negative effect on future economy. D. adequate taxation can boost the economy in a recession.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, prolonged deficit spending may result in _. A. increasing investment. B. declined consumption. C. prosperous economy. D. expanded expo
26、rt.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ten years ago, I got a call from a reporter at a big-city daily paper. “Im writing a story on communication skills,“ she said. “Are communication skills important in business?“ I assumed I had misheard her question, and after she repeated it for me I st
27、ill didnt know how to respond. Are communication skills important? “Er, they are very important,“ I managed to squeak out. My brain said: Are breathing skills important? The reporter explained: “The people Ive spoken with so far have been mixed on the subject.“Ten years ago, we were trapped even dee
28、per in the Age of Left-Brain Business. We were way into Six Sigma and ISO 9000 and spreadsheets and regulations and policies. We thought we could line-item budget our way to greatness, create shareholder value by tracking our employees every keystroke, and employ a dress-code policy to win in the ma
29、rketplace. And lots of us believed that order and uniformity could save the world-the business world, anyway. We had to go pretty far down that path before we caught onto the limits of process, technology, and linear thinking.The right brain is coming back into style in the business world, and Unot
30、a moment too soon/U. Smart salespeople say, “Weve got compelling story that meshes with our customers values and history.“ Strong leaders say, “Were creating a context for our team members that weaves their passions into ours.“ Consultants get big money for providing perspective on the “user experie
31、nce.“ Thats not a linear, analytical process. These days, were talking about emotion again, and context and meaning. Thank goodness we are. I was about to choke on the death-by-spreadsheet diet, and I wasnt the only one.Job seekers get great jobs today by avoiding the Black Hole of Keyword-Searching
32、 Algorithms and going straight to a human decision-maker to share a story that links the job seekers powerful history with the decision-makers present pain. Leadership teams spend their off-site weekends talking about not the next 400 strategic initiatives on somebodys list but rather a story-type r
33、oad map to keep the troops philosophically on board while they take the next hill.The right brains return is coming just at the right time, when employees are sick of not only their jobs but also the cynical, hypocritical, and obsessively left-brain behaviors they see all around them in corporate li
34、fe. Smart employers will grab this opportunity to lose the three-inch-thick policy manuals and enforcement mentality. Theres no leverage in those, no spark, and no aha. Weve seen where the left- brain mentality has gotten us: to the land of spreadsheets, with PowerPoints and burned-out shells where
35、our workforce used to be.（分数：10.00）(1).According to paragraph 1, the author believes that communication skills are _. A. doubtlessly significant. B. to some extent important. C. inferior to breathing skills. D. a concern of the left-brain age.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Age of Left-Brain Business value
36、d _. A. budget and shareholders value. B. order and diversity. C. context and meaning. D. analytical process.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “not a moment too soon“ (Line 1, Para. 3) indicates the return of the right brain is _. A. very timely. B. undesirable. C. too late. D. unexpected.（分数：2.00）A.B
37、.C.D.(4).According to the text, under the influence of right-brain thinking, the leadership strives to _. A. inspire the passions of their team members. B. make more practical strategic initiatives. C. create a more favorable working environment. D. adopt an enforcement mentality for management.（分数：
38、2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the authors attitude towards the return of the right brain? A. Skeptical. B. Welcoming. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The digital onslaught of e-books and Amazon-style e-tailers have put bookstores in an existential dilemma. Digital bo
39、oks are said to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain, and even sooner in America. With the demise of HMV, that music-peddling giant, still fresh in everyones minds, bricks-and-mortar bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore? This was the burning questions
40、on everyones lips at a recent event at Foyless flagship bookshop on Charing Cross Road in London.For a bookstore to remain successful, it must improve “the experience of buying books,“ says Alex Lifschutz, an architect whose London-based practice is designing the new Foyles. He suggests an array of
41、approaches: “small, quiet spaces cocooned with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one can hear talks from authors about books, literature, science, travel and cookery.“ The atmosphere is vital, he adds. Exteriors must buzz with activity, e
42、ntrances must be full of eye-catching presentations and a bar and cafe is essential.There are plenty of ways to delight the bookstore customer, but few are easily monetised. The consensus is that bookstores need to become cultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a co
43、ncert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. Given how common it is for shoppers to browse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege.But forcing people to pay for the privileg
44、e of potentially paying for goods could deter shoppers altogether. A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like those offered by museums and other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to ev
45、ents (talks, literary workshops, retreats) and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students.To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digit
46、al, self-printed and so on. Digital and hybrid readers should have the option of buying e-books in- store, and budding authors should have access to self-printing book machines. The latter have been slower to take off in Britain, but in America bookstores are finding them to be an :important source
47、of revenue.The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalised, the inventory expertly selected, spaces well-designed and the cultural events attractive. Whether book stores, especially small independents are up to the challenge, is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliff-hanger.（分数：10.00）(1).According to paragraph. 1, which of the following is true? A. Bookstores are going out of fashion because of e-books and e-tailers. B. Digital books are likely to sell better than pap
