1、考研英语 153及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The human brain can do a lot of wonderful things; many of them include 1 mastery of complex feedback systems with long 2 For example, consider how difficult raising a child truly is. Many factors are 3 , including the nutritional, ph
2、ysical, emotional and mental condition of the child, and the feedback of these factors 4 the behavior of those involved in raising the child. To 5 matters, many of the responses of the child/parent “system“ take years to 6 themselves. Yet billions of parents have somehow 7 to feed, clothe, protect,
3、nurture, heal, teach, and love their children 8 successful adulthood. 9 all our intuitive sophistication in dealing with complicated situations, its a 10 to see how poorly we deal with some newer systems, most of 11 brought about by technology. Both raising children and protecting Earths life-suppor
4、t systems are 12 of life and death; in the long term, they are equally important. But 13 our brains seem fairly well prepared for the long-term process of raising kids, we seem to have 14 built-in skill for taking care of the environment that supports us, any children we might have, and all other 15
5、 . It seems that the “thinking“ parts of our brains cant deal with complicated systems and their long- term 16 ,and the 17 parts of our brains that can deal with complex systems dont help us much outside of their 18 areas. One of the goals of systems science is to use math and computers to help peop
6、le get better 19 taking care of Earths life-support systems. The task involves teaching our thinking brains about 20 complicated systems work. （分数：1.00）(1). The human brain can do a lot of wonderful things; many of them include 1 mastery of complex feedback systems with long 2 For example, consider
7、how difficult raising a child truly is. Many factors are 3 , including the nutritional, physical, emotional and mental condition of the child, and the feedback of these factors 4 the behavior of those involved in raising the child. To 5 matters, many of the responses of the child/parent “system“ tak
8、e years to 6 themselves. Yet billions of parents have somehow 7 to feed, clothe, protect, nurture, heal, teach, and love their children 8 successful adulthood. 9 all our intuitive sophistication in dealing with complicated situations, its a 10 to see how poorly we deal with some newer systems, most
9、of 11 brought about by technology. Both raising children and protecting Earths life-support systems are 12 of life and death; in the long term, they are equally important. But 13 our brains seem fairly well prepared for the long-term process of raising kids, we seem to have 14 built-in skill for tak
10、ing care of the environment that supports us, any children we might have, and all other 15 . It seems that the “thinking“ parts of our brains cant deal with complicated systems and their long- term 16 ,and the 17 parts of our brains that can deal with complex systems dont help us much outside of the
11、ir 18 areas. One of the goals of systems science is to use math and computers to help people get better 19 taking care of Earths life-support systems. The task involves teaching our thinking brains about 20 complicated systems work. （分数：0.05）A.firmB.solidC.latentD.virtualA.intervalsB.delaysC.staysD.
12、periodsA.complicateB.confuseC.contriveD.complementA.uncoverB.betrayC.discloseD.revealA.attemptedB.managedC.inclinedD.succeededA.forB.withC.intoD.beforeA.ByB.OnC.ToD.WithA.surpriseB.wonderC.chaosD.confusionA.thatB.whichC.themD.thoseA.affairsB.issuesC.problemsD.mattersA.whetherB.whenC.whereasD.whereve
13、rA.littleB.poorC.lameD.properA.concernedB.correlatedC.involvedD.incurredA.kidsB.thingsC.lifeD.mankindA.actionsB.effectsC.influencesD.functionsA.insensitiveB.initiativeC.indicativeD.intuitiveA.specializedB.minimizedC.circularizedD.characterizedA.toB.inC.atD.onA.whyB.howC.whenD.whereA.onB.ofC.fromD.wi
14、th二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Directions: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tends to convey, and 3) give your comment. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER S
15、HEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIESDirections: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tends to convey, and 3) give your comment. You should write about 16
16、0200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIES* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Science-fiction movies can serve as myths about the future and thus give some assurance about it. Whether the film is 2001 or Star Wars, such movies tell about pr
17、ogress that will expand mans powers and his experiences beyond anything now believed possible, while they assure us that all these advances will not wipe out man or life as we now know it. Thus one great anxiety about the future-that it will have no place for us as we now are-is alleviated by such m
18、yths. They also promise that even in the most distant future, and despite the progress that will have occurred in the material world, mans basic concerns will be the same, and the struggle of good against evil-the central moral problem of our time-will not have lost its importance. Past and future a
19、re the lasting dimensions of our lives: the present is but a brief moment. So these visions about the future also contain our past; in Star Wars, battles are fought around issues that also motivated man in the past. Thus, any vision about the future is really based on visions of the past, because th
20、at is all we can know for certain. As our religious myths about the future never went beyond Judgment Day, so our modern myths about the future cannot go beyond the search for lifes deeper meaning. The reason is that only as long as the choice between good and evil remains mans supreme moral problem
21、 does life retain that special dignity that derives from our ability to choose between the two. A world in which this conflict has been permanently resolved eliminates man as we know him. It might be a universe peopled by angels, but it has no place for man. The moving picture is a visual art, based
22、 on sight. Speaking to our vision, it ought to provide us with the visions enabling us to live the good life; it ought to give us insight into ourselves. About a hundred years ago, Tolstoy wrote,“ Art is a human activity having for its purpose the transmission to others of the highest and best feeli
23、ngs to which men have risen.“ Later, Robert Frost defined poetry as “beginning in delight and ending in wisdom.“ Thus it might be said that the state of the art of the moving image can be assessed by the degree to which it meets the mythopoetic task of giving us myths suitable to live by in our time
24、-visions that transmit to us the highest and best feelings to which men have risen-and by how well the moving images give us that delight which leads to wisdom. Let us hope that the art of the moving image, this most genuine American art, will soon meet the challenge of becoming truly the great art
25、of our age. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors view, science-fiction movies（分数：0.20）A.assure us of the scientific miracles created.B.predict likely advances in human experiences.C.offer invented stories concerning mans fate.D.signify human powers to a fantastic extent.(2).In science-fiction movies, man can
26、 find（分数：0.20）A.fantasies that may relieve his anxiety for future existence.B.forecasts that his domination will be extended indefinitely.C.promises that his swelling demands will be fully satisfied.D.assurances that confirm the importance of moral principles.(3). The quotes from Tolstoy are used to
27、（分数：0.20）A.reinforce the authors account about visual art.B.provide fresh points about the moving picture.C.define the basic characteristics of art activities.D.describe the requirements for the art transmission.(4). The movies such as Star Wars（分数：0.20）A.fail to reflect contemporary problems for th
28、eir transience.B.fail to free their subjects from issues of mans concerns.C.succeed in depicting magic scenes irrelevant to the past.D.succeed in offering imaginary visions irrespective of reality(5).The theme of modern myths could be drastically changed（分数：0.20）A.only if the struggle for good life
29、were fully discarded.B.if only the conflict between good and evil had ceased.C.on condition that man as he is now became extinct.D.provided that average people were converted to angels.In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet
30、underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers. Two different brands of shampoo may vary only in scent or color. And the tobacco in two different brands of cigarettes frequently comes from the sa
31、me fields. This close similarity means that a shopper often has little reason to choose one brand over another. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. Through advertising, each manufacturin
32、g company tries to convince consumers that its product is special. To do this ,the companies try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use. One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumers re
33、asoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say that dentists recommend Flash toothpaste, or it may declare that Woof dog food contains a special, vitamin-rich ingredient known as K-9, or it may report that laboratory tests show that R. I. P. cigarettes contain fewe
34、r harmful ingredients than other brands. In selling a product, the truth of advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth. Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essentially boring, suc
35、h as cleaning powder or insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing manner. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. The advertiser may draw little cartoon eyes, arms, and legs on the cans of cleaning powder and have the resulting figures scrub the sink. Ads of this sort are s
36、illy, but advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy the products that the consumers associate with fun. Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic hu
37、man desires. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you-may even be jealous-when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car. This kind of appeal is sometimes strengthened by hiring a
38、 famous person to endorse the product. Seeing the famous person, the consumer is supposed to reason thus: Everyone admires Judson Smith the great football star. Judson Smith used Buckworthy Bank travelers checks. Therefore, if I use Buckworthy Bank travelers checks, everyone will admire me too. Some
39、 other basic desires that ads commonly try to appeal to are the desires for social acceptance ,financial security, and so on. One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies. （分数：1.00）(1).Manufacturers take to
40、advertising primarily（分数：0.20）A.to provide dependable information about their goods.B.to demonstrate distinctive features of their products.C.to create a superior brand to other brands.D.to enhance marketability of their products.(2). The scientific approach of advertising appeal is（分数：0.20）A.to rec
41、ommend products scientifically superior to others.B.to make scientific statements to attract potential buyers.C.to impress consumers with scientific truth about the product.D.to associate laboratory findings with the ingredients of the product.(3).The best title for this text would be（分数：0.20）A.Ways
42、 and Means to Push Sales.B.Helpful Hints for Effective Advertisement.C.Consumer Psychology Approach in AdvertisingD.Some Appealing Advertising Techniques.(4).The author is probably in favor of the statement that（分数：0.20）A.diverse brands of identical products make consumers confusedB.any product adve
43、rtised in a cartoon figure sells well.C.Its appealing to have a celebrity sign on the product.D.the best policy is to improve production and service.(5).We can infer from the text that（分数：0.20）A.the stated advertising strategies can be applied to any product.B.market economy is characterized by comp
44、etition in various forms.C.consumers can often make wise choices among similar products.D.modern mass media are dominated by false and deceptive ads.With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage ,as well as listen
45、 to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport ,comedy ,drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens progr
46、ammes and films for an annual licenee fee of 83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its program
47、mes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The re
48、ason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it. “The BBC “ aint broke“ ,the
49、y say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke ,meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channelsITV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertis
