1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise p
2、recious to health.“ But【C1】_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does【C2】_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【C3】_heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to【C4】_, a good
3、 laugh is unlikely to have【C5】_benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 【C6】_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【C7】_. Studies dating back to the 1930“s indicate that laughter【C8】_muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 min
4、utes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【C9】_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【C10】_feedback that improve an individual“s emotional state.【C11】_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are par
5、tially rooted【C12】_physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【C13】_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also【C14】_tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【C15】_muscular responses. In an experiment publishe
6、d in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wu rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【C16】_a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileor with their lips, which would produce a (n)【C17】_expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles【C18】_more enth
7、usiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【C19】_that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【C20】_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.exceptC.despiteD.like(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
8、A.reflectB.demandC.indicateD.produce(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizingB.boostingC.impairingD.determining(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.transmitB.sustainC.evaluateD.observe(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.measurableB.manageableC.affordableD.renewable(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.In turnB.In factC.In additionD.In brief(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.oppo
9、siteB.impossibleC.averageD.expected(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.hardensB.weakensC.tightensD.relaxes(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.aggravateB.generateC.moderateD.enhance(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.physicalB.mentalC.subconsciousD.internal(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.Except forB.According toC.Due toD.As for(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.withB.onC.i
10、nD.at(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.because(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustsB.followsC.precedesD.suppresses(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.intoB.fromC.towardsD.beyond(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.fetchB.biteC.pickD.hold(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.excitedC.joyfulD.indifferent(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.adaptedB.cat
11、eredC.turnedD.reacted(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.suggestingB.requiringC.mentioningD.supposing(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.EventuallyB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.ConverselyIn 1924 America“s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawtho
12、rne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【C1】_workers“ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【C2】_ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【C3】_of being experimented upon changed subjects“ behavior. The idea arose bec
13、ause of the【C4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to【C5】_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【C6】_what was done in the experiment;【C7】_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【C8】_that they were being expe
14、rimented upon seemed to be【C9】_to alter workers“ behavior【C10】_itself. After several decades, the same data were【C11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【C12】_the descriptions on record, no systematic【C13】_ was found that levels of productivity were related
15、to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【C14】_ interpretations of what happened.【C15】_, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【C16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【C17】_to rise fo
16、r the next couple of days.【C18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【C19】_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【C20】_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged
17、 “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.affectedB.achievedC.extractedD.restored(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.atB.upC.withD.off(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.truthB.sightC.actD.proof(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.controversialB.perplexingC.mischievousD.ambiguous(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.requirementsB.explanations
18、C.accountsD.assessments(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.concludeB.matterC.indicateD.work(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.as far asB.for fear thatC.in case thatD.so long as(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.awarenessB.expectationC.sentimentD.illusion(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.excessiveC.enoughD.abundant(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.forC.onD.by
19、(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.shownC.subjectedD.conveyed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.contrary toB.consistent withC.parallel withD.peculiar to(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.evidenceB.guidanceC.implicationD.source(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.disputableB.enlighteningC.reliableD.misleading(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.For e
20、xampleC.In consequenceD.As usual(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.dulyB.accidentallyC.unpredictablyD.suddenly(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.failedB.ceasedC.startedD.continued(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Meanwhile(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.attemptedB.tendedC.choseD.intended(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.
21、climbingC.surpassingD.hitting考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed l
22、aughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.“ But【C1】_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does【C2】_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【C3】_heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laught
23、er is difficult to【C4】_, a good laugh is unlikely to have【C5】_benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 【C6】_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【C7】_. Studies dating back to the 1930“s indicate that laughter【C8】_muscles, decreasi
24、ng muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【C9】_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【C10】_feedback that improve an individual“s emotional state.【C11】_one classical theory o
25、f emotion, our feelings are partially rooted【C12】_physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【C13】_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also【C14】_tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【C15】_muscular respo
26、nses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wu rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【C16】_a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileor with their lips, which would produce a (n)【C17】_expression. Those forced to exercise their
27、 smiling muscles【C18】_more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【C19】_that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【C20】_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.exceptC
28、.despite D.like解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。本文第一句话讲到了亚里士多德的观点：笑对于健康非常重要。接下来提及另外一种观点：笑对身体健康没什么影响。可见前后是转折的关系，Cdespite“尽管”符合句意，为正确答案。among“在之中”；except“除了”；like“像”，均不符合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.reflectB.demandC.indicateD.produce 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句话意为，笑确实能够引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化。此处 does表示强调。Dproduce“产生，引起”符合题意。reflect“反映，反思”，demand“要求
29、，命令”，indicate“表明，预示”，均与题意不符。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizingB.boosting C.impairingD.determining解析：解析：考查动词辨析。前面主句意为“笑确实能够引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化”。考生可通过常识进行推断，一般情况下，笑使人激动，所以心跳加速，因此选 Bboosting“提高，增加”。stabilize是 stable的动词形式，意为“使安定，坚固”；impair“损害，削弱”；determine“决定”，均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.transmitB.sustain C.evalua
30、teD.observe解析：解析：考查动词辨析。此句比较了笑和散步、慢跑带来好处的不同方式。一般来讲，散步和慢跑都需要一定时间，而笑不一样，几秒钟即可结束。所以，散步和慢跑是可持续的，而笑是难以持续很久的。因此 Bsustain“维持，经受，保持”符合题意。transmit“传达，传送”；evaluate“评价，评估”；observe“观察，研究”，均与题意无关。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.measurable B.manageableC.affordableD.renewable解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句提及散步和慢跑带来的好处，而笑也能带来好处，但因为大笑很难维持，因此笑不
31、像散步和慢跑那样带来显著的好处。Ameasurable“可觉察到的，显著的”，可与benefits(益处)搭配，为正确答案。manageable“可管理的，可控制的”，affordable“付得起的”，renewable“可更新的，可再生的”，均与题意不符。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.In turnB.In fact C.In additionD.In brief解析：解析：考查固定搭配。本句具体讲述了笑对于放松肌肉的作用，是一种事实。BIn fact“事实上，实际上”符合题意。In turn“转而”，表示递进关系，不符合题意。In addition“此外，还有”，表示递进关系，用在
32、这里不合适。In brief“简而言之”，一般用在结论处。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.opposite B.impossibleC.averageD.expected解析：解析：考查上下文理解。运动锻炼肌肉的方式是拉伸肌肉，原文中使用了 instead of这个短语表明笑锻炼肌肉的方式并非如此，而是相反。Aopposite“相反的，对立的”，符合题意。impossible“不可能的”，average“平均的”，expected“预期的”，均与题意不符。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.hardensB.weakensC.tightensD.relaxes 解析：解析：考查动词辨析
33、。上句提及笑锻炼肌肉的方式和运动锻炼肌肉的方式不同，并使用了 strain作为运动锻炼肌肉的方式。此句提及 20世纪 30年代的研究结果，是关于笑对于肌肉的作用。这两句之间是对比关系，很明显 strain的同义词都不作为可供选项，harden 和 tighten都可看做是 strain的同义词，“使肌肉紧张，坚硬”。weaken“减弱，削弱”，不与 muscle搭配。运动是拉伸肌肉，让肌肉紧张，笑是使肌肉放松，因此 Drelaxes“放松”符合题意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.aggravateB.generateC.moderate D.enhance解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上一
34、句话讲到，笑可以放松肌肉，笑是有好处的；本句话中提及心理压力的影响。由此可以推断，笑这样的身体反应能减缓心理压力的影响。Cmoderate 作动词意为“使稳定，使缓和”，符合题意。aggravate“恶化，加剧”，generate“产生，带来”，enhance“提高，改进”，均不符合题意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.physical B.mentalC.subconsciousD.internal解析：解析：考查语篇理解。本空选择形容词做 feedback的定语。本句大意为，笑可以产生其他类型的反应，其后使用了定语从句来说明这些不同类型反应的作用：改善个人的情绪状态。由此可判断，
35、这些反应肯定不是情感方面的。而下一句话接着讲，情感部分原因源于身体的反应，暗示了本空的选择。空格处填入的形容词应该与 bodily含义相近，只有 Aphysical“物理的；身体的”是正确答案。mental“精神的”，subconscious“潜意识的”，internal“内在的”，均与题意不符。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.Except forB.According to C.Due toD.As for解析：解析：考查短语辨析及语义理解。本句话大意为，根据某一经典理论，情感部分根源于身体的反应，前面“经典情绪理论”是后面观点的来源，因此选 BAccording to“根据，依据
36、”。Except for“除之外，要不是”；Due to“因为，由于”，后面一般是不好的原因；As for“至于，关于”，均与题意不符。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.withB.onC.in D.at解析：解析：考查习惯搭配。root 常和介词 in搭配，构成短语 be rooted in，后接名词，意为“深植于，根植于”。代入文中意为“我们的情绪部分根源于身体反应”，与上句“笑引起的身体反应能改善个人的情绪状态”相符。因此 Cin 为正确答案。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.because 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。从语法上来看，i
37、t 是形式主语，而 that之后的从句是真正的主语。在这个主语从句中，but 连接了前后两个句子，构成了表示对比关系的并列句。but 之后的句子大意为：开始流泪时，人才变得悲伤。既然是对比关系，but 之前的句子，应该表达相反的含义：人并不是因为悲伤而流泪。这两个短句之间是因果关系，Dbecause 为正确答案。unless“除非”；until“直到才”；if“如果”，均不符合题意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustsB.followsC.precedes D.suppresses解析：解析：考查动词辨析。下文提到一个实验，让实验对象故意做出笑的表情和失望的表情；随后让他
38、们看滑稽的漫画，结果练习微笑表情的实验对象反应更积极，这表明表情可以影响情感。本段的第一句话中使用了 although，表明两句话之间是对比关系。此句中的 sadness属于情感，tear 属于具体的生理反应，所以此处情感应在具体的反应之前，因此 Cprecedes“在之前，先于”为正确选项。exhaust“使筋疲力尽，耗尽”；follow“跟随，在之后”；suppress“镇压，压制”，均与题意不符。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.intoB.from C.towardsD.beyond解析：解析：考查介词辨析。根据本段中的这个实验，可以推断，情感可以从肌肉反应中产生。根据上下文语
39、义，Bfrom 为正确答案。代入文中意为“有证据表明情绪是由肌肉反应引起的”，其他项代入文中讲不通。into“进入中，到里”；towards“向，朝”；beyond“超出，超过”，均不符合题意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.fetchB.biteC.pickD.hold 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。下文详细讲到，要用牙齿咬住一支钢笔，这样能特意做出微笑的表情，Dhold“拿着，托住，夹着”符合题意。fetch“取来”，强调某物拿回来；bite“咬，咬伤，刺痛”，但此处意思是“用牙齿夹着一支钢笔”，并不是真的去咬一口，考生切不要被汉语意思迷惑；pick“捡；采摘”，均与题意不符。(17
40、).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.disappointed B.excitedC.joyfulD.indifferent解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。句子前半句讲的是制造微笑，中间用表转折的“or”，可判断此处的表情肯定传达不高兴的含义。Adisappointed“失望的”与题意相符。excited“激动的”，joyful“兴高采烈的”，indifferent“漠不关心的”，均与题意不符。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.adaptedB.cateredC.turnedD.reacted 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句介绍实验结果：与那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉形状的实验对象相比，被迫练习笑肌的
41、实验对象对于有趣动画的反应更为强烈。选项中的四个动词都可以和后面的介词 to搭配，但意义大不相同。adapt oneself to 或 be adapted to“使某人适应”；cater to sthsb“迎合，满足的需要”；turn tofor help“向求助”；react to“对做出反应”。本句话强调实验对象在不同情况下观看卡通片的反应，Dreacted 符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.suggesting B.requiringC.mentioningD.supposing解析：解析：考查动词辨析与逻辑关系。本空所在的位置用动词的现在分词结构作伴随状语。本空前一
42、句话意为“与那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉形状的实验对象相比，被迫练习笑肌的实验对象对于有趣动画的反应更为强烈”。本空之后的宾语从句意为“表情可能影响情绪，而不是情绪影响表情”，是前面实验的结果。因此 Asuggesting“暗示，暗含”，符合题意。require“要求，需要”，mention“提及”，suppose“假设”，均与题意不符。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.EventuallyB.ConsequentlyC.Similarly D.Conversely解析：解析：考查副词辨析。前一句话提及表情可影响情绪，本句话讲到笑这一行为可提高情绪。比较这两句话，笑和表情对应，所以两者的关系是相
43、似的，因此选 CSimilarly“同样，类似地”。Eventually“最后，最终”，Consequently“因此”，Conversely“相反地”，均与题意不符。In 1924 America“s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor light
44、ing【C1】_workers“ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【C2】_ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【C3】_of being experimented upon changed subjects“ behavior. The idea arose because of the【C4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to【C5】_o
45、f the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【C6】_what was done in the experiment;【C7】_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【C8】_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【C9】_to alter workers“ behavior【C10】_itself.
46、 After several decades, the same data were【C11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【C12】_the descriptions on record, no systematic【C13】_ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducti
47、ng the experiments may have led to【C14】_ interpretations of what happened.【C15】_, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【C16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【C17】_to rise for the next couple of days.【C18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【C19】_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【C20】_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard
