1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 55 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Section A_A.Bad food.B.Fat food.C.Cold food.D.Spicy food.A.Hes afraid to try some of the exercises himself.B.The physics class is only halfway over.C.The students arent in good physical condition.D.He doesnt believe anyt
2、hing people say.A.A mystery story.B.The hiring of a shop assistant.C.The search for a reliable witness.D.An unsolved case of robbery.A.Exercise less frequently.B.Take less medicine each day.C.Visit him as soon as possible.D.Take a new kind of headache medicine.A.He went to see the dentist a week ago
3、.B.The woman should cancel her appointment with the dentist.C.The womans toothache will go away by itself.D.The woman should have seen the dentist by now.A.Members of the club are required to register when they arrive.B.They can bring up to three guests.C.They should register their guests.D.Show mem
4、bership cards on arrival.A.For 30 minutes only.B.For one hour only.C.Within the booked time only.D.Longer than the booked time.A.Degree requirement.B.University links.C.Government agreements.D.Company projects.A.Orderliness.B.Creativeness.C.Tightness.D.Convenience.A.Change his diet.B.Take a differen
5、t kind of medicine.C.Ask another doctor about the problem.D.Do special knee exercises.A.An ophthalmologist.B.A pediatrician.C.An intern.D.A neurosurgeon.A.In an airport.B.In a store.C.On a subway.D.In a police station.A.Just wait a second for it to boot.B.Find someone to fix it.C.Fix it herself.D.Fi
6、nd another computer.A.Patient and doctor.B.Student and professor.C.Insurance salesman and patient.D.General practitioner and consultant.A.Do a better job of guessing what she is expecting.B.Go talk to the professor and find out what her expectations are.C.Keep trying to work harder.D.Complain to the
7、 dean about professor Merringtons strict marking.2.Section B_A.Coughing fits.B.Blood phlegm.C.Bad breath.D.Blood urine.A.A week.B.Some time.C.One month.D.Two days.A.Greenish.B.Yellowish.C.Yellowish and jelly-like.D.Foamy.A.He coughs a lot.B.His phlegm doesnt smell strange.C.There is some blood in hi
8、s phlegm.D.He doesnt take any medication.A.Asthma.B.Bronchitis.C.Lung cancer.D.Esophagus cancer.A.To stay in a very warm room with a lot of people.B.To expose oneself to severe weather.C.To play outdoors long when it is snowing.D.To wait for a bus on a cold and windy day.A.You ll catch a cold sooner
9、 or later.B.Youve already come down with a cold.C.There are viruses hidden in your body.D.The room is not warm enough for your health.A.It is generally believed that colds are caused by exposure to cold weather.B.Most colds are “caught“ by hand contact.C.Cold virus will keep alive for several hours
10、once it leaves human body.D.Cold virus can spread around only through the air.A.Wash our hands frequently.B.Never rub our nose or eyes.C.Throw away tissues immediately after use.D.Shake hands with our friends instead of kissing them.A.A cold-sufferer is staying with him in the same room.B.The viruse
11、s have been exposed to the air for over 3 hours.C.He dropped in a warm room.D.He shakes hands with a cold-sufferer.A.The side effects of the Heimlich maneuver.B.The causes of death in choking cases.C.How to use the Heimlich maneuver to save a choking victim.D.What choking is like?A.Speed of operatio
12、n.B.A prone position.C.Prior practice.D.Expert help.A.People who have cracked ribs.B.People who have an obstruction in their throats.C.Heart attack victims.D.People who dislike old remedies.A.A slow depression of the rib cage.B.Repeated thumps on the back.C.A quick upper thrust into the abdomen.D.An
13、 application of force below the belly button.A.A choking victim is best treated in a hospital.B.A person who is choking can help himself.C.The Heimlich maneuver is a recent development.D.Choking victims are rarely confused with heart attack victims.二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：22，分数：40.00)3.Section A_4.Wed
14、nesdays: Do a cross-training (CT) activity (biking, swimming, elliptical trainer) at easy to moderate effort for 30 to 40 minutes. If youre feeling very _or sore, take a rest day.（分数：2.00）A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish5.So by pre-planning the time you want to_, you should be able to dec
15、ide the gender of your baby, or in theory anyway.（分数：2.00）A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate6.Third, talks must shift from focusing _on controlling emissions to dealing with the reality that lots of climate change is inevitable.（分数：2.00）A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionat
16、ely7.One line of research focuses on the endings of nerve cells in the brain, which _as the disease progresses.（分数：2.00）A.upgradeB.degenerateC.disgraceD.glorify8.The areas, called “plaques“, gradually thicken and harden with fibrous material, cells, and other deposits, restricting the opening of the
17、 vessel and reducing blood flow in the tissues, a condition known as “_“.（分数：2.00）A.ischemiaB.anemiaC.anorexiaD.dyspnea9.Today people still dont make health a (n)_because they have no time.（分数：2.00）A.privilegeB.issueC.principleD.priority10.Mental exercise can favorably _the structure of the brain ju
18、st as physical exercise can change ones bodily proportions.（分数：2.00）A.modifyB.adjustC.developD.contract11.The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very_.（分数：2.00）A.subtleB.sufficientC.superficialD.superior12.Despite the limitations of a standard CT, it does a _job of p
19、icturing the internal anatomy of the body.（分数：2.00）A.supremeB.superbC.sufficientD.superfluous13.The city government is getting its residents to properly _their garbage.（分数：2.00）A.break upB.dispose ofC.check outD.hand out14.Section B_15.The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though
20、no one understands why, said Dr. Solomon, the obstetrician with the Medical Center for Children, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US.（分数：2.00）A.deficitB.deviationC.draw backD.discrepancy16.An allergy results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.（分数：2.00）
21、A.negativelyB.spontaneouslyC.purposefullyD.promptly17.Johnsons writing is considered pedantic and abstruse because it is filled with obscure references and baffling digressions.（分数：2.00）A.ingenuousB.intricateC.definitiveD.erratic18.Some forms of arthritis may develop when the bodys ability of fighti
22、ng disease goes away .（分数：2.00）A.takes overB.comes upC.is interruptedD.becomes faulty19.Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.（分数：2.00）A.colossalB.popularC.widespreadD.scattered20.Medical diagnosis begins with a patient history, including a history
23、 of the present illness with a description of symptoms , a past medical history, and a family and social history.（分数：2.00）A.clinical manifestationsB.clinical characteristicsC.clinical prognosisD.therapeutic signs21.Autism is a disease which involves a total lack of language, a pervasive lack of resp
24、onsiveness to people, and peculiar speech patterns.（分数：2.00）A.widespreadB.localizedC.occasionalD.uncommon22.If a fever persists , a doctor should be called since this may mean that a more serious infection is present.（分数：2.00）A.disappearsB.continuesC.perishesD.vanishes23.The function of lymph nodes
25、is to filter the lymph as it passes through the lymphatic vessels.（分数：2.00）A.siftB.infiltrateC.perpetrateD.examine24.A corps of so-called barefoot doctors were trained in hygiene , preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routine treatment of common diseases.（分数：2.00）A.nutritionB.sanitationC.nurseryD.w
26、elfare三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Fear is often a【C1】_ emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and【C2】_ quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstream.【
27、C3】_ a fire or an accident, fear can【C4】_ life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger【C5】_ that it becomes a problem. Some people are simply more vulnera
28、ble【C6】_ fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunates respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright.
29、From birth, he or she is more【C7】_ learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more【C8】_ . Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly【C9】_ and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who
30、 regarded each adversity as a【C10】_ obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problems.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.usefulB.unbeneficialC.strongD.mixed(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stepsB.paceC.respons
31、esD.breath(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.Suffering fromB.Confronted withC.In relation toD.In the face of(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.avoidB.hinderC.delayD.fuel(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.at handB.in handC.to handD.by hand(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.toC.atD.on(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.tend toB.attendant uponC.prone toD.subjected to(8).【C8】（分数
32、：2.00）A.sensoryB.sensibleC.sensationalD.sensitive(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.hinderC.avoidD.shape(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.temporaryB.permanentC.unconqueredD.formidable四、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday a mode
33、st policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona vs. United States, the majority overturned thre
34、e of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization “ and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontrov
35、ersial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the c
36、ongress (国会) had deliberately “occupied the field“ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal s privileged powers. However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. Thats because Congress has always envisi
37、oned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules confli
38、cted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Anton Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “ a sho
39、cking assertion of federal executive power“. The White House argued that Arizona s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it
40、disagrees with. Some powers do belong exclusively (专门地)to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essenc
41、e asserting that because it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.（分数：10.00）(1).Three provisions of Arizona s plan were overturned because they_.（分数：2.00）A.overstepped the authority of fe
42、deral immigration lawB.disturbed the power balance between different statesC.deprived the federal police of Constitutional powersD.contradicted both the federal and state policies(2).On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.States independence from federa
43、l immigration law.B.Federal officers duty to withhold immigrants information.C.States legitimate role in immigration enforcement.D.Congress s intervention in immigration enforcement.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts_.（分数：2.00）A.violated the ConstitutionB.stood
44、in favor of the statesC.supported the federal statuteD.undermined the states interests(4).The White House claims that its power of enforcement_.（分数：2.00）A.outweighs that held by the statesB.is established by federal statutesC.is dependent on the states supportD.rarely goes against state laws(5).What
45、 can be learned from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.B.The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.C.Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.D.Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.The 18th-century
46、statesman, Edmund Burke, once said “All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to a
47、nimal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearin
48、g description of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are puzzled that anyone would deliberately harm an animal in medical researchers. For example, a grandmotherly woman advocating animal rights at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she oppose
