1、大学英语四级 205及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Laid-off Workers Need Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1随着国有企业的深化改革，下岗工人越来越多。 2下岗工人最需要的帮助是 3我认为，最可取的
2、措施是 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Job Sharing Job sharing refers to a situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, working enough hours between them to fulfill die duties of a full-time worker. If
3、they each work half the hours of the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the jobs wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits. What i
4、s Job-sharing? Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it is mainly (although not exclusively) occurring in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Until recently, these characteristics were not gener
5、ally seen as harmonious with anything less than full-time employment. Thus, the demands of job sharing are rewarded by better pay and conditions and, ideally, more satisfaction than conventional part-time work. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which is fit for increasin
6、g the number of jobs by reducing the number of each job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is Not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want
7、 more free time for other pursuits. Job-sharers As would be expected, women comprise the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between the age of 20 and 40 years o
8、f age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to take up part-time work because it would have meant reduced wages and lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable transition back
9、into full-time work after a long absence. Job-sharing Positions Although job sharing is still seen as too radical by many companies, those that have chosen to experiment with it include large businesses with conservative reputations. One of Britains major banks, the National Westminster Bank, for ex
10、ample, offers a limited number of shared positions intended to give long-serving employees a break from full-time work. British Telecom, meanwhile, maintains 25 shared posts because, according to its personnel department, “Some of the job sharers might otherwise have left the company and we are now
11、able to remain them.“ Two wide ranging surveys carried out in the country in 1989 revealed the proportion of large and medium-sized private-sector businesses that allow job sharing to be between 16 and 25 per cent. Some 78 per cent of job sharers, however, work in public-sector jobs. The types of jo
12、bs that are shared vary but include positions that involve responsibility for many subordinates (下属). Research into shared senior management positions suggest that even such high-pressure work can be shared between two people with little adjustment, provided the personalities and temperaments (性情) o
13、f the sharers are not vastly different from one another. A 1991 study of employees working under supervisory positions shared by two people showed that those who prefer such a situation do so for several reasons. Most popular were those who felt there was less bias in the evaluation of their work be
14、cause having two assessments provided for a greater degree of fairness. Job-sharing and One-Person Job The necessity of close cooperation and collaboration when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position, one-person jobs. However, to ensure
15、 a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be an equitable allocation of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-
16、shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. （分数：71.00）(1).Job sharing means that two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Job sharing means the same as sharing work.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The majority of male job
17、sharers are between 20 and 40 years of age.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Job sharers have no intention of later resuming full-time work.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Employers may allow job sharing to keep or attract good workers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Fewer job sharers are employed in the private sector than in
18、the public sector.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Most employees prefer to work under a shared supervisory position.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8). 1can increase the number of jobs by reducing the number of each job and offer more positions to the growing number of unemployed people.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9). 1can offer w
19、ell-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other pursuits.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10). 1is indispensable for the two partners in job sharing.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He will only be available in the afternoon.B.Its not his office hour.C.He
20、 doesnt have time right now.D.He is too tired after class.A.Detective stories.B.Stories about jail escapes.C.Love stories.D.Stories about royal families.A.The cinema is some distance away from where they are.B.He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C.They should wait to see the movie
21、 at a later time.D.Hell find his way to the cinema.A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.Jane is looking for a summer job.B.Jane is packing for the summer vacation.C.Jane is on her way home.D.
22、Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.A.He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B.He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C.He wants to change the time of the appointment.D.He wants the woman to meet him at three oclock.A.The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.B.
23、The woman regrets having taken up much of the professors time.C.The woman knew the professor was busy.D.The woman knew the professor had run into trouble.A.The woman can tell Joan when she sees her at noon.B.The woman should tell Joans brother about the reception.C.The woman must call on Joan after
24、the reception.D.The woman may see Joans brother at lunch.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He is interested in it.B.He is fed up with it.C.He feels inspired about it.D.He likes it more than before.A.The manager wasnt in the office.B.The manager was so demanding that he was afraid to speak out.C.The manag
25、er didnt give him a chance to talk.D.The manager is always on the road.A.To find a new job in a bank.B.To keep the position.C.To apply for going abroad.D.To talk with the general manager.A.In a dentists office.B.In a drugstore.C.In a hospital.D.In a doctors office.A.To tell him that the woman would
26、meet him at his office.B.To ask him for an appointment.C.To ask him what time the womans appointment was.D.To get a prescription for the woman.A.The woman had a toothache.B.She wanted to buy some aspirin.C.She was a regular patient of Dr. Williams.D.Dr. Williams was very busy.A.He ran a village shop
27、.B.He worked on a farm.C.He worked in an advertising agency.D.He was a gardener.A.It was stressful.B.It was colorful.C.It was peaceful.D.It was boring.A.His desire to start his own business.B.The crisis in his family life.C.The decline in his health.D.His dream of living in the countryside.A.She was
28、 found stealing in a bookstore.B.She caught someone in the act of stealing.C.She admitted having stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.A.A book.B.$ 3,000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.A.She was questioned by the police.B.She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C.She wa
29、s insulted by the shopper around her.D.She was body-searched by the store manger.A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C.They still suspected that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.A.They ar
30、e kept in open prisons.B.They are allowed out of the prison grounds.C.They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.D.They are a small portion of the prison population.A.Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons.B.Most of their prisoners are expected to work.C.Their prisoner
31、s are often sent to special centers for skill training.D.Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.A.They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre.B.Most of them get paid for their work.C.They have to cook their own meals.D.They can choose to do community work.六、Sec
32、tion C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On July 16, 1995 a new bookstore opened in the American city of Seattle. No one steps inside to buy anything. Yet the store, if you could call it that, had (36) 1 last year of 7,000 million dollars. Ten years ago, few people bought things over the Internet and they thought it w
33、as (37) 2, but Amazon-dot-com changed many peoples minds. Ten years later, an estimated seven out of ten American (38) 3have used a computer to buy something. Market researchers at comScore Networks estimate online (39) 4 last year at 117,000 million dollars. That was for goods and travel services.
34、The person who started Amazon, Jeffrey Bezos, remains its leader. In the 1990s he urged (40) 5to help Amazon “get big fast. “ Yet Amazon invested in many similar businesses that (41) 6. Amazon lost plenty of money and did not make a profit until 2003. Its most recent profit and (42) 7report, release
35、d last week, was better than many market watchers had expected. Today people can buy not just books and music but also many other products through Amazon. It competes with eBay, which celebrates its tenth birthday in (43) 8. EBay calls itself “the worlds online marketplace. “ (44) 9. (45) 10. EBay h
36、as grown to include several other businesses, including PayPal, a company that processes online payments. As online sellers grew, traditional stores saw the future. Today, (46) 11, Wal-Mart. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio
37、(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写)as well, from edi
38、torial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article
39、all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is hap
40、pening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together
41、, out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own paper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply
42、the techniques of reading.（分数：177.50）(1).A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its_.（分数：35.50）A.wide coverageB.uniform styleC.speed in reporting newsD.popularity(2).According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same” newspaper is that（分数：35.50）A.peop
43、le scan for the news they are interested inB.different people prefer different newspapersC.people are rarely interested in the same kind of newsD.people have different views about what a good newspaper is(3).It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers_.（分数：35.50）A.apply reading techn
44、iques skillfullyB.jump from one newspaper to anotherC.appreciate the variety of a newspaperD.usually read a newspaper selectively(4).A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because_.（分数：35.50）A.it tries to serve different readersB.it has to cover things that happen in a certain localityC.read
45、ers are difficult to pleaseD.readers like to read different newspaper(5).The best title for this passage would be “_”.（分数：35.50）A.The Importance of Newspaper TopicalityB.The Characteristics of a Good NewspaperC.The Variety of a Good NewspaperD.Some Suggestions on How to Read a NewspaperInternational
46、 travellers today are eager to grab an opportunity to taste local foods, and Korea offers a rich variety of delights. Yet finding reliable information on Korean food is no easy task for foreigners. Restaurants serving Korean food are seldom equipped with menus printed in English or other foreign lan
47、guages. And even when foreign language menus are available, restaurants tend to use different expressions for the same dish, thus creating unnecessary confusion. This guide, consisting of over 800 terms for traditional and modern Korean foods in English and French, has been compiled primarily to hel
48、p Koreans who would like to dine on Korean food at restaurants or at home, and provide an explanation of Korean cuisine to foreigners. We are hopeful that this guide will help Korean restaurateurs in and out of Korea to prepare menus in a more standardized and appealing manner. There is another purpose to this guide: to help foreigners understand Koreas food culture and feel more confident about ordering food in Korean restaurants. Each dish is presented with a brief description of its c
