1、Gina Quan Physics H190 Spring 2012 03/21/12,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Geothermal Hydroelectric Other Consumption Future,2,3,What is Iceland?,What is Ice
2、land?,Population: 320,000 60% reside in the capital city, Reykjavik 100,000 sq km High standard of living Terrain Tectonically active Mid-Atlantic ridge Volcanic activity Glaciers and rivers,4,What is Iceland?,Isolated Motivation to be self-sustaining Whats in Iceland? Geysers, Hot springs Aurora Bo
3、realis Bjork,5,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Geothermal Hydroelectric Other Consumption Future,6,History of Energy,Hydro dams in the early 20th c. Government encouraged electric stoves Geothermal space heating Women use
4、d to bake “hot spring bread” (hverabrauth) First used in homes- early 20th century swimming pools Industry growth growth in hydroelectric and geothermal power 1970s movement toward replacing oil,7,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy P
5、roduced Hydroelectric Geothermal Other Consumption Future,8,HydroElectriC Power,Accounts for 80% of electricity produced Rivers, waterfalls dams Criticism for environmental consequences Mostly near aluminum smelters (more on that later),9,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Icelan
6、d,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Hydroelectric Geothermal Other Consumption Future,10,Geothermal power,25% of energy produced in Iceland Heats 90% of homes in Iceland How? 1. Heat from Earth heats water under crust 2. Iceland drills boreholes 3. Hot water 4. Profit!,11,Geothermal po
7、wer,Blue Lagoon (Bla lni) One of Icelands most visited attractions 6 million liters of water Water from geothermal plant waste Rich in sulphur, silica,12,Geothermal power,“Sustainable”- heat removed is small compared to total heat in Earth Precipitation replenishes water 5 major geothermal plants 4
8、TWh/yr but could grow to up to 30 TWh/year,13,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Hydroelectric Geothermal Other Consumption Future,14,Other energy sources,Oil Roughly 20% of energy consumption Transportation, fishing Coal Sh
9、ift toward renewable resources- 1960s Plans to be completely renewable by 2050,15,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Hydroelectric Geothermal Other Consumption Future,16,Consumption of Electricity,100% of electricity renewab
10、le Provides itself 70% of primary energy More than any other country Virtually all is consumed by residents 5.9 kW per person= 16.5 million MWh/year,17,Cost of Electricity in Iceland,18,SO CHEAP,19,Why the high electricity consumption per capita?,Manufacturing,Aluminum smelters Three plants 1969- Ri
11、o Tinto Alcan (CN) Intially, 33k metric tons/year 1998- Century Aluminum Country (US) 2008- Alcoa (US) Built an entire hydroelectric plant 1000 tons of aluminum/day Cause of 2008 crash? Total- nearly 800k metric tons/year!,20,21,Manufacturing,Bauxite imported from US, Ireland and Australia“We are ba
12、sed in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. We are not connected to the mainland Europe grid,“ said Bjarni Mar Gylfason, chief economist for the Federation of Icelandic Industries. “So we export energy in the form of aluminum.“,22,23,Total Icelandic Electricity Consumption,Manufacturing,Ferrosili
13、cum plants Industrial products- Roughly 55% of Icelands exports Other exports Fish Plants consume 5x electricity of residents,24,25,Energy Consumption- All,Anomalously high per capita electricity consumption in Iceland,Introduction to Iceland History Energy Produced Hydroelectric Geothermal Other Co
14、nsumption Future,26,To the Future,Economic recession oil imports costly Projects to develop renewable energy Harvest methane in agriculture Hydrogen fuel for cars and ships Deep drilling supercritical steam + more!,27,To the Future,Current energy policy Conserving natural areas Reduce greenhouse gas
15、 emissions Promote sustainable development Diversify Economy Increase forestation Increase use of environmentally friendly vehicles,28,Conclusion,Icelands anomalously high electricity consumption per capita is due to large scale manufacturing 80% of Icelands energy consumed is renewable The majority
16、 of energy produced is geothermal and hydroelectric,29,Sources,Energy Development in Island Nations Energy Solutions In Iceland Gjelsvik, et. al. Energy Demand in Iceland. Statistics Norway Research Department. May, 1995. Ministry for the Environment in Iceland. Icelands Fifth National Communication on Climate Change. 2011. Wikipedia.org,30,31,Thank yoU,
