1、Technology Challenges in Mobile Payments,Dr.V.N.Sastry Professor, IDRBT & Executive Secretary, MPFI Road No.1, Castle Hills, Masab Tank, Hyderabad 500057 E-Mail : vnsastryidrbt.ac.in Ph: 91-40-23534981 Test : 9440803813 (M) & MMID : 9211933 January 30, 2012 at IDRBT for the EDP,March 29, 2012,Outlin
2、e,Mobile Payment TechnologiesTechnology ChallengesSome innovative developments,2,Classification of Mobile Payments,Based on Value,Micro Payments,Based on Charging method,Based on Location,Based on the validation of the tokens exchanged,Macro Payments,Mini Payments,Proximity Payments,Remote Payments,
3、Pre-paid,Post-paid,Online Payments,Offline Payments (ex: e-coins in P2P transfers),March 29, 2012,3,March 29, 2012,Enabling Mobile Technologies,User Interface,Platforms,Security enablers,Transport,Short-range,Long-range,GSM,GPRS,RFID,Bluetooth,Infrared,3G,SAT,Java ME,Java Card,Voice,SMS,USSD,WAP,Dua
4、l slot phones,WPKI/WIM,SIM,4G,NFC,4,March 29, 2012,Technology Challenges,Device Level Application Level Communication Level User Level Security Level Standards Level Consolidation Level,5,March 29, 2012,Device Level Challenges,Variation in Features and Functionalities, look and feel, text size, rech
5、arging frequency, OS User Awareness and Education Voice, Data, MMS, interactivity, real time response, location aided feature etc. properly used ?,6,March 29, 2012,Mobile Application Level Challenges,Is the Mobile Payment Application Developed in Conformance to standards ? Is it interoperable ? On w
6、hich folder client application is to be downloaded ? how to install and run a mobile payment application ? Is the design optimized for execution in limited phone memory? Has it been Tested and certified by Trusted entity ? Can the customer wait for the delay to get it for his/her new model ?,7,March
7、 29, 2012,Communication Level Challenges,Which channel to use : SMS, USSD, GPRS, DTMF ? What way mobile banking convenience is enhanced by 2G, 3G, 4G ? When and how to use Wireless Communication Technologies : Bluetooth, Zigbee, Wi-max, Wi-fi , LTE ?,8,Mobile Communication Architecture,Mobile Statio
8、ns,Base Station Subsystem,Exchange System,Network Management,Subscriber and terminal equipment databases,BSC,MSC,VLR,HLR,EIR,AUC,OMC,March 29, 2012,9,March 29, 2012,Bank - A,Bank -B,Switching(NPCI),Settlement(CCIL),Interbank Mobile Payment Service (IMPS),Payer-X,Payee- Y,10,March 29, 2012,User Level
9、 Challenges,Local language support on Mobiles Generation of Transaction report Mobile Application on Phone memory or SIM or memory card ? Trace of transaction data or critical personal data : access by others Mobile Wallet : risk of multiple cards in the device and value offload for cash exchange in
10、 local currency Mobile based Financial Inclusion services Complaint registration and Grievance resolution,11,BC Micro ATM,ATM / Merchant PoS,Bank A,Bank B,Switching (NPCI),Biometric Authentication ( UIDAI ),Settlement (CCIL),Customer,Mobile based Financial Inclusion and Mobile Wallet,March 29, 2012,
11、12,March 29, 2012,Security Challenges,Authentication User, Device, Application, Transaction Direct, Indirect Factors : You Know (UK), You Have (UH), You Are (UR) One Way from source (S) to destination (D) Mutual between source, destination or intermediate entities as Telco , Mobile Payment Provider,
12、 Bank Server, Switching agency. Encryption & Decryption Using Cryptoghaphy Symmetric key ( Password, m-Pin ) Asymmetric key (PKI , WPKI ) Layers of OSI Model Access Control Models Between Source (S) and Destination (D) MPP to Bank : SSL / TCP Bank to NPCI : SSL/TCP,13,Major 3 Sections of a Mobile Ph
13、one,Power Section Power distribution Charging section Radio Section Band Switching RF Power Amplification Transmitter Receiver Computer Section CPU (central processing unit) Memory (RAM,FLASH,COMBO CHIP),March 29, 2012,14,Some reported attacks on Mobile Phones,Phishing Botnet Fake Player Trojan hors
14、e Bluejacking (Symbian ) BlueBug BlueSnarfing BluePrinting,Cabir (First in 2004 ) Comwar Skulls Windows CE virus,March 29, 2012,15,Mobile Station,Mobile Equipment (ME) is identified by International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) Number Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Card has keys, identifiers a
15、nd algorithms Identifiers Ki Subscriber Authentication Key IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity MSISDN Mobile Station International Service Digital Network PIN Personal Identity Number protecting a SIM LAI location area identity STK ( SIM Applicatio
16、n Toolkit) allows applications in the SIM to interact with any ME ETSI GSM 11.14 standard defines the interface between the SIM and the interoperable ME .,March 29, 2012,16,SIM Card,Mobile Payment Application can be installed on either ME or SIM . The application burnt on the SIM card gives by far t
17、he most secure application environment. The mobile application can be stored on its own security domain and hence prevented from others having access to it. Forensic tools and procedures exist that can be used to bypass built-in security mechanisms and recover the contents of a device. Both software
18、 and hardware-based methods are available for data recovery, including those that exploit existing vulnerabilities. A number of GSM mobile phones allow acquisition with a forensic tool, if a PIN-enabled (U)SIM is missing or removed from the device. It is also possible to create substitute (U)SIMs fo
19、r certain models of phones that fools them into treating the (U)SIM as the original, and allowing access.,March 29, 2012,17,Security at Mobile Channel Level,Voice Channel : DTMF for IVRS Text Channel : SMS, USSD MMS Channel : GPRS GSM Security Mechanisms Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Black list
20、stolen or non-type mobiles White list - valid mobiles Gray list local tracking mobiles Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) Approved mobile type (type approval authorities) Consolidated black list (posted by operators),March 29, 2012,18,Security at Mobile Application level,Client Application d
21、eveloped by the Mobile Payment Provider (MPP) Server Application of the MPP at the Bank level Security Testing Key Generation and storage process Check Sum implemented Reaching to the destined address only ?,March 29, 2012,19,March 29, 2012,Multiple Standard Challenges,ISO Standards IEEE Standards P
22、CI DSS Standards Regulatory Standards Global platform Standards EMV Standards NIST Standards SFMS, SWIFT Standards NFC Standards,20,Mobile ad hoc network technologies,March 29, 2012,21,March 29, 2012,Consolidation Level Challenges,Server capabilities to handle high volume mobile payment transactions
23、 Periodic and round the clock clearing services for mobile payments Net and Real time funds settlement between Banks Cash management issues at ATMs on account of high velocity mobile payments. Offering Mobile Banking Application as a Cloud Service,22,Some Innovative solutions of Mobile Payments in I
24、ndia: Bringing all stakeholders of Mobile Payments into one platform by the Mobile Payment Forum of India (MPFI) in 2006 Use of Mobile Phone Number and MMID only for Mobile Payments Use of AADHAR number and BIN for Mobile Payments Use of USSD based Mobile Payments Development of MANETS for Financial
25、 Inclusion by IDRBT And many other solutions reported in the workshop,March 29, 2012,23,MANET Ecosystem for Mobile Payments,MANET nodes. Gateway. Backbone Network. Bank Server. Fixed Relay.,March 29, 2012,24,Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET),It is a Mobile wireless network. MANET nodes are rapidly deplo
26、yable, self configuring and capable of doing autonomous operation in the network. Nodes co-operate to provide Connectivity and Services. Operates without base station and centralized administration. Nodes exhibit mobility and the topology is dynamic. Nodes must be able to relay traffic sense. A MANE
27、T can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks(Internet).,March 29, 2012,25,MANET based Mobile Payments,I,Cellular Network /Satellite Technology Internet / Private LAN,Gateway,Fixed Relays,Bank Server,Mobile ad hoc Network,Village,MANET node,Backbone,March 29, 2012,26,Test
28、bed,Mobile Node C 192.168.1.3,Mobile Node B 192.168.1.3,Mobile Node D 192.168.1.4,Mobile Node A 192.168.1.2,Gateway,192.168.1.1,Fixed Relay,MANET in a Village,Cellular Network/ ISDN/PSTN/ LLN/ Satellite Network,Bank-A Server 172.16.0.8,Bank-B Server 162.16.6.124,March 29, 2012,27,March 29, 2012,Thank you.,28,
