1、Designation: B 745/B 745M 97 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forCorrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 745/B 745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cov
3、ers corrugated aluminum pipeintended for use for storm water drainage, underdrains, theconstruction of culverts, and similar uses. Pipe covered by thisspecification is not normally used for the conveyance ofsanitary or industrial wastes.1.2 This specification does not include requirements forbedding
4、, backfill, or the relationship between earth-cover loadand sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience has shown that thesuccessful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of sheet thickness, type of bedding andbackfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care in theinstallat
5、ion. The purchaser must correlate the above factors andalso the corrosion and abrasion requirements of the fieldinstallation with the sheet thickness. The structural design ofcorrugated aluminum pipe and the proper installation proce-dures are given in Practices B 790/B 790M and B 788/B 788M, respec
6、tively. A procedure for using life-cycle costanalysis techniques to evaluate alternative drainage systemdesigns using corrugated metal pipe is given in Practice A 930.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach syste
7、m may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
8、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron andSteel HardwareA 307 Specification
9、for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsMetricA 930 Practice for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of CorrugatedMetal Pipe Used for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and OtherBuried ConduitsB 209
10、Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and Plate MetricB 221 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars,Rods, Wire, Shapes, and TubesB 221M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars,Rods, Wire, Shapes, and Tubes
11、MetricB 316/B 316M Specification for Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelB 666/B 666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alu-minum and Magnesium ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc M
12、echanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelB 744/B 744M Specification forAluminumAlloy Sheet forCorrugated Aluminum PipeB 788/B 788M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Cor-rugated Aluminum Culverts and Storm Sewer PipeB 790/B 790M Practice for Structural Design of Corru-gated Aluminum Pipe, Pipe Arches
13、, and Arches for Cul-verts, Storm Sewers, and Other Buried ConduitsC 443 Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewerand Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber GasketsD 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberF 467 Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General UseF 467
14、M Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General UseMetricF 468 Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,and Studs for General Use1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 onAluminum
15、Culvert.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as B 745/B 745M 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
16、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F 468M Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex CapScrews, and Studs for General Use Me
17、tricF 568 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel ExternallyThreaded Metric FastenersF 593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex CapScrews, and StudsF 594 Specification for Stainless Steel NutsF 738M Specification for Stainless Steel Metric Bolts,Screws, and StudsF 836M Specification for Sta
18、inless Steel Metric Nuts2.2 AASHTO Standard:3T 249 Test for Helical Lock Seam Corrugated Pipe3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fabricatorthe producer of the pipe.3.1.2 manufacturerthe producer of the sheet.3.1.3 purchaserthe purchaser of the finished product.4. C
19、lassification4.1 The corrugated aluminum pipe covered by this specifi-cation is classified as follows:4.1.1 Type IThis pipe shall have a full circular cross-section, with a single thickness of corrugated sheet, fabricatedwith annular (circumferential) or helical corrugations.4.1.2 Type IAThis pipe s
20、hall have a full circular cross-section, with an outer shell of corrugated sheet and an innerliner of smooth (uncorrugated) sheet, fabricated with helicalcorrugations and lock seams.4.1.3 Type IRThis pipe shall have a full circular cross-section, with a single thickness of smooth sheet, fabricatedwi
21、th helical ribs projecting outwardly.4.1.4 Type IIThis pipe shall be a Type I pipe which hasbeen reformed into a pipe-arch, having an approximately flatbottom.4.1.5 Type IIAThis pipe shall be a Type IApipe which hasbeen reformed into a pipe-arch, having an approximately flatbottom.4.1.6 Type IIRThis
22、 pipe shall be a Type IR pipe which hasbeen reformed into a pipe-arch, having an approximately flatbottom.4.1.7 Type IIIThis pipe, intended for use as underdrains orfor underground disposal of water, shall be a Type I pipe whichhas been perforated to permit the in-flow or out-flow of water.4.1.8 Typ
23、e IIIRThis pipe, intended for the undergrounddisposal of water or for subsurface drainage, shall be a Type IRpipe which has been perforated to permit the outflow or inflowof water.4.2 Perforations in Type III pipe are classified as Class 1 orClass 2 and perforations in Type IIIR pipe are classified
24、asClass 4, as described in 8.3.2.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information as necessary, to adequately describe thedesired product:5.1.1 Name of material (corrugated aluminum pipe),5.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue, as B 745-_
25、forinch-pound units or B 745M-_ for SI units,5.1.3 Type of pipe (4.1),5.1.4 Method of fabrication for Type I and Type II pipe(7.1),5.1.5 Diameter of circular pipe (8.1.1), or span and rise ofpipe-arch section (8.2.1),5.1.6 Length, either total length or length of each piece andnumber of pieces,5.1.7
26、 Description of corrugations (7.2),5.1.8 Sheet thickness (8.1.2),5.1.9 Coupling bands, number, and type (9.1) if special typeis required,5.1.10 Gaskets for coupling bands, if required (9.3),5.1.11 For perforated pipe, the class of perforations. If noclass is specified for Type III pipe, Class 1 perf
27、orations will befurnished. Type IIIR pipe is furnished with Class 4 perforationsonly (8.3.2.1 and 8.3.2.3),5.1.12 Certification, if required (13.1), and5.1.13 Special requirements.6. Materials6.1 Aluminum Sheet for PipeAll pipe fabricated underthis specification shall be formed from aluminum-alloy s
28、heetconforming to Specification B 744/B 744M.6.2 Aluminum Sheet for Coupling BandsThe sheet used infabricating coupling bands shall conform to SpecificationB 744/B 744M.6.3 RivetsThe material used for rivets in riveted pipe shallconform to the requirements of Specification B 316/B 316Mfor alloy 6053
29、-T4, with the following mechanical properties:Tensile Strength, min, ksi MPa 25 170Yield Strength, min, ksi MPa 14 95Shear Strength, min, ksi MPa 15 105Elongation in 2 in., 50 mm, or 4x dia., min, % 16If bolts and nuts are substituted for rivets (see 7.3.1), theyshall meet the following requirements
30、 for either steel bolts andnuts, stainless steel bolts and nuts, or aluminum alloy bolts andnuts:Bolts NutsFor B745 pipe(Steel) A 307 A 563,Gr.A(Stainless Steel) F 593, Alloy Grp 1, 2, or 3 F 594, Alloy Grp 1, 2, or3(Aluminum Alloy) F 468, Alloy 6061-T6 F 467, Alloy 6061-T6For B745M pipe(Steel)(Stai
31、nless Steel)F 568, Cl. 4.6F 738M, Alloy Grp A1, A2,or A4A 563M, Cl. 5F 836M, Alloy Grp A1,A2,or A4(Aluminum Alloy) F 468M, Alloy 6061-T6 F 467M, Alloy 6061-T6The steel bolts and nuts shall be hot-dip galvanized inconformance with Specification A 153, or be mechanicallygalvanized in conformance with
32、Specification B 695 Class 40.6.4 Hardware for Coupling BandsBolts and nuts forcoupling bands shall conform to the requirements shown in 6.3except for the coating on steel bolts and nuts. Steel bolts, nuts,and other threaded steel items used with coupling bands shallbe zinc coated by one the followin
33、g processes: hot-dip process3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.B 745/B 745M 97 (2005)2as provided in Specification A 153, electroplating process asprovided in Specification B 633 Class FE
34、/ZN 8, or mechanicalprocess as provided in Specification B 695 Class 8. Other steelhardware items used with coupling bands shall be zinc-coatedby one of the following processes: hot-dip process as providedin Specification A 153; electroplating process as provided inSpecification B 633 Class FE/ZN 25
35、; or mechanical process asprovided in Specification B 695 Class 25. Aluminum anglesand lugs shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationB 221 or B 221M for alloy 6063-T6.6.5 GasketsIf gaskets are used in couplings, they shall bea band of expanded rubber meeting the requirements ofSpecification
36、 D 1056 for the “RE” closed cell grades, orO-rings meeting the requirements of Specification C 443.7. Fabrication7.1 General RequirementsPipe shall be fabricated in fullcircular cross-section.7.1.1 Type I pipe shall have annular corrugations with lapjoints fastened with rivets or shall have helical
37、corrugationswith a continuous lock seam extending from end to end of eachlength of pipe. As there are important differences in thestructural characteristics of annular, riveted pipe versus helicalpipe, it is important for the purchaser to stipulate, for Type Iand Type II pipe, the method of fabricat
38、ion desired. If themethod of fabrication is not stated in the ordering information,the fabrication method shall be at the option of the fabricator.7.1.2 Type IA pipe shall be fabricated with a smooth linerand helically corrugated shell integrally attached at helical lockseams extending from end to e
39、nd of each length of pipe. Theshell shall have corrugations of nominal 223 (or 3 in. 68 or 75mm pitch.7.1.3 Type IR pipe shall be fabricated with helical ribsprojecting outward with a continuous lock seam extendingfrom end to end of each length of pipe.7.2 CorrugationsThe corrugations shall be eithe
40、r annularor helical as provided in 7.1. The direction of the crests andvalleys of helical corrugations shall not be less than 60 fromthe axis of the pipe for pipe diameters larger than 21 in. 525mm, and not less than 45 from the axis for pipe diameters of21 in. 525 mm and smaller.7.2.1 For Type I an
41、d IA pipe, corrugations shall formsmooth continuous curves and tangents. The dimensions of thecorrugations shall be in accordance with Table 1 for the sizeindicated in the order.7.2.2 For Type IR pipe, the corrugations shall be essentiallyrectangular ribs projecting outward from the pipe wall. Thedi
42、mensions and spacings of the ribs shall be in accordance withTable 2 for the size indicated in the order. See also Fig. 1. Forthe 1112 in. 292 mm rib spacing, a stiffener shall be includedmidway between the ribs, if the sheet between the ribs does notinclude a lock seam. This stiffener shall have a
43、nominal radiusof 0.25 in. 6.4 mm and a minimum height of 0.20 in. 5.1mm toward the outside of the pipe.NOTE 1The nominal dimensions and properties for smooth corruga-tions and for ribs are given in Practice B 790/B 790M.7.3 Riveted SeamsThe longitudinal seams shall be stag-gered to the extent that n
44、o more than three thicknesses of sheetare fastened by any rivet. Pipe to be reformed into pipe-archshape shall also meet the longitudinal seam requirement of8.2.2.NOTE 2Fabrication of pipe without longitudinal seams in 120 of arc,so that the pipe may be installed without longitudinal seams in the in
45、vert,is subject to negotiation between the purchaser and fabricator.7.3.1 The size of rivets, number per corrugation, and widthof lap at the longitudinal seam shall be as stated in Table 3,depending on sheet thickness, corrugation size, and diameter ofpipe. For pipe with 1 in. 25 mm deep corrugation
46、s,12-in.Metric M12 diameter bolts and nuts may be used in lieu ofrivets on a one-for-one replacement ratio. Circumferentialseams shall be riveted using rivets of the same size as forlongitudinal seams and shall have a maximum rivet spacing of6 in. 150 mm, measured on centers, except that six rivets
47、willbe sufficient in 12-in. 300-mm diameter pipe.7.3.2 All rivets shall be driven cold in such a manner thatthe sheets shall be drawn tightly together throughout the entirelap. The center of a rivet shall be no closer than twice itsdiameter from the edge of the sheet. The distance between thecenterl
48、ines of the two rows of rivets, where two rows arerequired, shall not be less than 112 in. 38 mm. All rivets shallhave neat, workmanlike, and full hemispherical heads or headsof a form acceptable to the purchaser, shall be driven withoutbending, and shall completely fill the hole.7.4 Helical Lock Se
49、amsThe lock seam for Type I pipeshall be formed in the tangent element of the corrugationprofile with its center near the neutral axis of the corrugationprofile. The lock seam for Type IA pipe shall be in the valleyof the corrugation, shall be spaced not more than 30 in. 760mm apart, and shall be formed from both the liner and theshell in the same general manner as Type I helical lock seampipe. The lock seam for Type IR shall be formed in the flat zoneof the pipe wall, midway between two ribs.TABLE 1 Corrugat
