1、考研英语模拟试卷 253及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. Aka led his convoy of 31 ships into the port of Cadiz, (1)_ the Spanish navy
2、was being prepared to (2)_ England. The Spanish were (3)_ completely by surprise, and Dr. Akas men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harhour of stores and (4)_ off a Spanish attack, Dr. Aka and his ships (5)_ without the loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr.
3、Aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the “singeing of the King of Spains beard“. As well as (6)_ back the Spanish plan to invade England by several months, Dr. Akas daring attack (7)_ the success of a popular new drink. For among the stores that he (8)_ from Cadiz were 2
4、,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9)_ of todays sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overseas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought back from Cadiz by Dr. Aka gave it a further (10)_
5、 and made it hugely fashionable, (11)_ its Spanish origin. For (12)_ chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13)_ wine. This made it ideal for taking on long sea voyages, (14)_ which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant that (15)_ the hardship of spending weeks packed
6、 into a (16)_ ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17)_ into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18)_ official recognition of (19)_ when James I (20)_ an ordinance limiting its consumption at court. By this time sack was popularly known as she
7、rris-sack(sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry. （ A） where （ B） when （ C） as （ D） which （ A） aggravate （ B） besiege （ C） invade （ D） siege （ A） seized （ B） taken （ C） captured （ D） snapped （ A） fending （ B） fencing （ C） defeating （ D） bringing （ A） avo
8、ided （ B） hided （ C） broke （ D） escaped （ A） cutting （ B） taking （ C） setting （ D） dissecting （ A） stitched （ B） sealed （ C） stuck （ D） labeled （ A） robbed （ B） plundered （ C） squandered （ D） stole （ A） deviant （ B） variation （ C） forerunner （ D） descendant （ A） stimulus （ B） incentive （ C） conduciv
9、e （ D） boost （ A） nevertheless （ B） notwithstanding （ C） however （ D） concerning （ A） obscure （ B） obsessive （ C） obscene （ D） obsolete （ A） dry （ B） robust （ C） weak （ D） stiff （ A） in （ B） on （ C） during （ D） to （ A） lessened （ B） worsened （ C） softened （ D） sharpened （ A） spacious （ B） crept （ C）
10、 camped （ D） cramped （ A） sold （ B） exported （ C） imported （ D） introduced （ A） conferred （ B） presented （ C） granted （ D） offered （ A） sorts （ B） kinds （ C） sort （ D） kinds （ A） announced （ B） proclaimed （ C） claimed （ D） issued Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
11、 below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 St. Paul didnt like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming“. “History is merely gossip“, he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scand
12、al is gossip made tedious by morality“. In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of t
13、he centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is “an intrinsically valuable activity“, philosophy professor A
14、aron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so and-so was fired from the office?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr
15、. Ben-Zeev says. It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfies the tribal need namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group“. Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable“. Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toront
16、o, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where
17、immense power resides in the control of secrets“, he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fas
18、hion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. B
19、ut remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the y
20、outh of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip“. 21 Persons remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to _. （ A） show the general disapproval of gos
21、sip （ B） introduce the topic of gossip （ C） examine gossip from a historical perspective （ D） prove the real value of gossip 22 By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding“(Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Zeev means gossip _. （ A） is a valuable source of social information （ B） produces a joy that mos
22、t people in society need （ C） brings people the feel of being part of a group （ D） satisfies peoples need of being unusual 23 Which of the following statements is true according to the text? （ A） Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip. （ B） Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward go
23、ssip. （ C） Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous. （ D） People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip. 24 We learn from the last paragraph that _. （ A） gossipers will surely become gossipees someday （ B） Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming
24、 a gossipee （ C） Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping （ D） an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual 25 The authors attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described as （ A） neutral （ B） positive （ C） negative （ D） indifferent 26 SoBig. F was the more vis
25、ible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some
26、500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying th
27、at the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come
28、 from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it w
29、as better at searching hard drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousan
30、ds in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worm
31、s work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One Way to deal wi
32、th a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as
33、Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, inc
34、luding the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on Americas east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed. 26 SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by _. （
35、 A） sending them an overpowering number of messages （ B） harvesting the addresses stored in the computers （ C） infecting the computers with an invisible virus （ D） destroying the anti-virus software of the computers 27 Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“(Para. 1)? （ A） Falsified.
36、 （ B） Cured. （ C） Deceived. （ D） Diagnosed. 28 Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was _. （ A） more destructive （ B） more humorous （ C） less vulnerable （ D） less noticeable 29 From the text we learn that Welchi _. （ A） is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did （ B） is a pr
37、ogram designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster （ C） is a program intended to fix the infected machines （ D） is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“ 30 The tone of the text can best described as _. （ A） optimistic and humorous （ B） analytical but concerned （ C） passionate but pessimist
38、ic （ D） scholarly and cautious 31 European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations? On the face of it, the deal agreed in the
39、early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to
40、be cut that should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations. The CAP is hugely unpopular around the
41、 world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the au
42、spices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EUs intransigence, and the su
43、rvival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the worlds trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico. But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most
44、 eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a ch
45、ance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation. These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europes negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support un
46、acceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics fear
47、s. 31 The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _. （ A） European farm ministers finally reached a consensus （ B） the link between farm products and subsidies is removed （ C） farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them （ D） European farm products will reach a lower price leve
48、l than the world 32 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. （ A） farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP （ B） the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks （ C） the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries （ D） the worlds t
49、rade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently 33 In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations? （ A） Farmers lose their interest in farming. （ B） Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years. （ C） Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly. （ D） The measures damage the reformers confidence. 34 The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to _. （ A） Europes negotiators los
