1、2012 年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、判断题1 Language is a means of verbal communication which can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles.（A）True（B） False2 Diffe
2、rent words are used to describe the concept in different languages. This reflects the design feature of displacement concerning human languages.（A）True（B） False3 Adults enjoy reading poems for its sheer beauty and children take delight in repetitive rhythms. This reflects the informative function of
3、 language.（A）True（B） False4 Journalists keep writing about and reporting on important events. This better reflects the recreational function of language.（A）True（B） False5 Otto Jesperson, Daniel Jones and their colleagues made great contributions to language teaching by developing and perfecting IPA
4、which is extensively used in dictionaries and textbooks.（A）True（B） False6 zis a voiceless, alveolar fricative consonant whilejis a palatal approximant.（A）True（B） False7 The“ Minimal Pairs“ test that can be used to find out which sound substitutions cause differences in meaning do not work well for a
5、ll languages.（A）True（B） False8 All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.（A）True（B） False9 Sentence stress is often used to express emphasis, surprise, etc. so in principle stress may fall on any word or any syllable.（A）True（B） False10 Stability, relative un
6、interruptibility and a minimum free form are three factors that help us to identify words.（A）True（B） False11 Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.（A）True（B） False12 NUMBER and GENDER are mostly a category of the noun and pronoun while TENSE and A
7、SPECT are two important categories of the verb.（A）True（B） False13 GOVERNMENT may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other.（A）True（B） False14 The SYNTAGMATIC RELATION is a relation between one item and others in a seque
8、nce, or between elements which are all present.（A）True（B） False15 The DEEP structure may be defined as the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, i. e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents, such as the relation between the un
9、derlying subject and its verbs, or a verb and its object.（A）True（B） False16 CONNOTATIVE meaning and SOCIAL meaning are two of the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech.（A）True（B） False17 Through COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS, the meaning of “mother“may be analyzed into:mother = PARENT(x, y) PERFORMATIVE
10、S and INFORMATIVES.（A）True（B） False20 CAI aims at seeing educational problems, on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives. （A）True（B） False二、填空题21 Fill in each of the following bla
11、nks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter.(Write the complete words on your ANSWER SHEET).(10 points)P_studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc.22 S_ ex
12、amines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it.23 In R_Assimilation, a following sound is influencing a preceding sound.24 A s_ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to
13、which an inflectional affix can be added.25 M_is a process involving an alternation in the sequence of sounds, as in bird and brid.26 B_ refers to the relation between a quantifier and a variable, that is, a variable is bound by a quantifier.27 The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the
14、meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of c_.28 The reader is supposed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is known as t
15、he Immediacy A_.29 P_Act refers, to the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance.30 The procedure of error analysis includes recognition, description and e_.三、单项选择题31 Which of the following is NOT a reco
16、gnized function of language in linguistics?（A）Informative function.（B） Interpersonal function.（C） Performative function.（D）Assertive function.32 Which of the following is NOT a main branch of general linguistics?（A）Phonetics.（B） Macrolinguistics.（C） Phonology.（D）Syntax.33 Which of the following is N
17、OT a main branch of macro-linguistics?（A）Semantics.（B） Anthropological linguistics.（C） Psycholinguistics.（D）Sociolinguistics.34 When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be_.（A）voiced（B） voiceless（C） nasal（D）glottal35 _ are produced by constric
18、ting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（A）Consonants（B） Semi-vowels（C） Vowels（D）Semi-consonants36 Of manners of articulation, _ is complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream cannot escape
19、 through the mouth.（A）plosive（B） frictive（C） approximant（D）lateral37 Of places of articulation, _ is made by the tongue tip or blade and the upper front teeth.（A）bilabial（B） palatal（C） dental（D）velar38 Which of the following best describes Chinese syllables?（A）(C)C)C)V(C)C)C)C)（B） (C)C)V(C)C)（C） (C)
20、V(C)（D）(C)C)C)V(C)39 _in the word “international“ is called ROOT.（A）inter-（B） -al（C） nation（D）in-40 Which of the following pair of words best illustrate BACK-FORMATION?（A）Editor and edit.（B） Worked and work.（C） Aeroplane and plane.（D）Advertisement and ad.41 Which of the following words best illustra
21、te LOANBLEND?（A）Au pair.（B） Artificial satellite.（C） China town.（D）Free verse.42 Which of the following words best illustrates BROADENING?（A）Offend.（B） Hog.（C） Cattle.（D）Bead.43 The verb “take“ can be analyzed in the following way according to componential analysis.（A）take=CAUSE(x,(HAVE(x,y)（B） take
22、 = CAUSE(x,( HAVE(x,y)（C） take = CAUSE(x,(BECOME(x,y)（D）take = CAUSE(x,( BECOME(x,y)44 Which of the following is NOT a major strand of psycholinguistic research?（A）COMPREHENSION.（B） PRODUCTION.（C） PRACTICE.（D）ACQUISITION.45 Which of the following is NOT a level of representation involved in speaking
23、 a sentence according to Garrett?（A）The message-level representation.（B） The fimctional-level representation.（C） The informative-level representation.（D）The articulatory-level of representation.46 Which of the following is NOT one of the three inter-related processes in writing according to Hayes an
24、d Flower?（A）The planning process.（B） The sentence generation process.（C） The peer-editing process.（D）The revision process.47 Firth developed his own theory of CONTEXT OF SITUATION. Which of the following is NOT part of his theory?（A）The relevant features of the participants.（B） The relevant objects.
25、（C） The effects of the verbal action.（D）The impacts on the verbal action.48 Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further EXCEPT_（A）quantity（B） quality（C） occasion（D）manner49 In specifying the manner of his CP theory, Grice mentioned all the following EXCEPT_（A）Be rel
26、evant.（B） Avoid ambiguity.（C） Be brief（D）Avoid obscurity of expression.50 According to Grice, the following are the characteristics of implicature EXCEPT _（A）calculability（B） comprehensibility（C） non-detachability（D）cancellability51 Which of the following does Horn propose?（A）Make your contribution
27、sufficient.（B） Be brief.（C） Avoid ambiguity.（D）Be orderly.52 Which is NOT a form of sound patterning?（A）Rhyme.（B） Literation.（C） Assonance.（D）Consonance.53 Which of the following may NOT be the main areas of information retrieval research?（A）Content analysis.（B） Grounded theory.（C） information struc
28、ture.（D）Evaluation.54 Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of syllabus?（A）Situational syllabus.（B） Notional-fuctional syllabus.（C） Cognitive syllabus.（D）Content-based syllabus.55 A(n)_ test assesses how much a learner has mastered the contents of a particular course.（A）achievement（B） apti
29、tude（C） diagnostic（D）proficiency56 The following are the kinds of validity EXCEPT_?（A）content validity（B） construct validity（C） stability validity（D）face validity57 _ is often described as“father of modern linguistics“.（A）Ferdinand de Saussure（B） Malinowski（C） J. R. Firth（D）M.A.K. Halliday58 The Lon
30、don School made great contributions to the following _ theory.（A）Structuralism（B） Innateness Hypothesis（C） The Standard Theory（D）Systemic-Functional Grammar59 The Prague School made great contributions to the following EXCEPT_.（A）seeing language in terms of FUNCTION（B） the stress that the synchronic
31、 study of language is fully justified（C） emphasis on the systemic character of language（D）structuralism60 Chomskys TG Grammar differs from the structural grammar in the following EXCEPT_（A）rationalism（B） innateness（C） formalization（D）stimulus and response61 The study of characteristics of language v
32、arieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers fall into the field of _ as these three constantly interact and change with a speech community.（A）psycholinguistics（B） sociolinguistics（C） anthropological linguistics（D）computational linguistics62 In English,
33、wandjare _.（A）plosives（B） fricatives（C） median approximants（D）lateral approximants63 Which of the following can be best described as“voiceless alveolar fricative“?（A）p（B） s（C） h（D）l64 The property of voicing plays an important part in distinguishing obstruents in English. It is, therefore, a _featur
34、e for English obstruents.（A）distinctive（B） binary（C） supplementary（D）design65 The words that refer to substance, action and quality are _ words, also known as content words.（A）lexical（B） function（C） invariable（D）grammatical66 Which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Derivational affixes ofte
35、n change the lexical meaning.（B） Derivational affixes might or might not change the word class of the word they attach to.（C） In English, derivational affixes can be prefixes or suffixes.（D）Derivational affixes are productive across an entire category, not just across a range of members of that cate
36、gory.67 The most appropriate term that describes“breakthrough“and“playboy“is _.（A）verbal compound（B） synthetic compound（C） endocentric compound（D）exocentric nominal compound68 In lexical change, the creation of “flu“ and “fridge“ in English is through the process of_（A）invention（B） abbreviation（C） b
37、lending（D）acronym69 The referential theory relates the meaning of a_to the thing it refers to, or stands for.（A）phoneme（B） word（C） sentence（D）clause70 _ can be defined as consistency. If a test produces the same or very similar results when given to the same candidates twice in succession or marked
38、by different people, it is regarded as having high degree of_.（A）Empirical validity, empirical validity（B） Validity, validity（C） Construct validity, construct validity（D）Reliability, reliability四、简答题71 Illustrate the types of processes with regard to borrowing like loanword, loanblend, loanshift and
39、 loan translation and then group the following English words borrowed from the Chinese language according to the types of processes.(10 points)tea(茶)yuan( 元)Paper Tiger(纸老虎)kung fu(功夫 )lichi(荔枝)Cultural Revolution(文化大革命)cheongsam(旗袍 )face(面子)Confucian(儒家的)kow tow(叩头)wok( 镬)National Peoples Congress(
40、 人民代表大会)72 What do you know about Sapir Whorf Hypothesis?(10 points)73 Illustrate Speech Act Theory.(10 points)74 Explain what branch of linguistic study will be most likely involved and what theories might support the study of Chinese English learners drop of plural forms of countable nouns and thi
41、rd person singular forms of verbs when they speak English.(10 points)75 Analyze the following description and the lexical items according to the theories of sense relations.(10 points)“I like the garden very much. In the garden, there are plants, bushes, evergreens, maple trees, red flowers, yellow
42、flowers, white flowers, pink flowers, peony, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tulips, carnation and many other kinds of flowers. My yeye built the garden many years ago when he moved in. He told me that my bobo, dad and shushu had a wonderful time in the garden as well when they were little.“76 Support your
43、argument concerning whether Women Register exists in the Chinese language.(15 points)77 Present the major view of language in functional linguistics OR interactionalism and then discuss its important implications for foreign language teaching and learning.(15 points)2012 年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析一、
44、判断题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查语言的定义和影响语言交际的因素。人们之间的有效沟通会受到语言、肢体语言、社会及文化等因素的影响。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查语言的任意性。任意性指语言符号的形式与意义之间没有自然的联系。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查语言的娱乐性功能。人们有时会因为纯粹的乐趣而使用语言。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查语言的信息功能。信息功能是语言的主要功能，语言为传递信息服务。信息功能也被称为概念功能。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查国际音标系统。丹麦语法学家叶斯伯森于 1886 年首先提出建立一套语音符号的想法。现在的国际音标系统主要
45、由英国语音学家丹尼尔琼斯和他在伦敦大学的同事们共同创造。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查z和j的发音。z为齿龈浊擦音，j为硬腭通音。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查最小对立体。音位分析理论认为，一些语音会导致词义的变化，而另一些语音则不会。“最小对立体”测试法可以用来寻找导致意义变化的语音，但是此方法也有局限性，不适用于所有语言。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查音节结构。所有音节必须有一个核心，但并不是所有音节都有节首和韵尾。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查句子的重音。一般而言，句中实词通常重读，结构词不重读，但句子的重音经常被用来表示强调、惊异等语气，所以原则上重音可
46、以落在任何一个词或音节上。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查词的识别。识别词的三要素分别为稳定性、相对连续性和最小自由形式。11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查形态学的定义。形态学涉及词语的内部结构，它研究意义的最小单位语素和成词过程。12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查名词和动词的范畴。数和性是名词和代词的范畴，时和体是动词的范畴。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查支配关系。支配关系指句法构造中某些词的形式被其他词控制，而非词与词在某些范畴上互相保持一致。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查组合关系。组合关系指一个单位和同一序列中其他单位之间的关系，或者说是所出现的所
47、有成分之间的关系。15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查深层结构。为了解决直接成分分析法的不足，乔姆斯基建议区分句子的两种结构：表层结构和深层结构。深层结构指一个结构体句法属性的抽象表述，即不同成分之间的结构关系的潜在层面。(例如潜主语和动词、动词和宾语之间的关系)16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查 Leech 对意义的划分。Leech 将意义划分为七种不同的类型：概念意义(conceptual meaning)、内涵意义(connotative meaning)、社会意义(social meaning)、情感意义(affective meaning)、反射意义(reflective
48、meaning)、搭配意义(collective meaning)、主题意义 (thematic meaning)。17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查成分分析法。根据音系学中的区别特征，一些语言学家建议设立语义特征，也称语义成分，即词义可以看做不同语义特征的复合体。mother=PARENT(x，y)Loanword：tea(茶) ，yuan(元)，kung fu(功夫)，lichi(荔枝)，Confucian(儒家的)，wok(镬 )，cheongsam(旗袍)，kow tow(叩头)Loanshift：face(面子)Loan translation：Paper Tiger(纸老虎)
49、，Cultural Revolution(文化大革命)，National Peoples Congress (人民代表大会 )(3 points)【试题解析】 考查英语中借词的分类。英语在其发展过程中，通过借用其他语言的单词来扩充词汇。借词有以下几种类型：借词、混合借词、转移借词和翻译借词。借词的形式和意义都是借用的，有时为了适应新语言的音位系统，可以有些细小的改变；混合借词指所借词的一部分来自于本国语，另一部分借自外来语，但意义全都是借来的；转移借词的意义是借用的，但形式来自于本国语；翻译借词指所借词的每个语素或单词都是从另一种语言中的语素或单词对等地翻译过来的。72 【正确答案】 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, named after the American linguist Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf,
