1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 15 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yester
2、day, which offers【C1】_of a developing underclass. Tests and【C2】_with hundreds of people born in a week in 1958 graphically illustrated the【C3】_of educational underachievement. The effects can be seen in unemployment, family【C4】_, low incomes, depression and social inactivity.Those who left school at
3、 16 with poor basic skills had been employed for up to four years less than good readers【C5】_they reached 37. Professor John Bynner, of City University, who carried the research, said that todays【C6】_teenagers would even encounter greater problems because the supply of 【C7】_jobs had shrunk.Almost on
4、e fifth of the 1, 700 people interviewed for yesterdays report had poor literacy and almost half【C8】_with innumeracy, a proportion【C9】_other surveys for the Basic Skills Agency. Some could not read a childs book, and most found difficult【C10】_written instructions.Poor readers were twice as likely to
5、 be a low wage and four times likely to live in a household where partners worked. Women in this【C11 】_were five times as likely to be【C12】_depressed, 【C13】_both tended to feel they had no control over their lives, and to trust others【C14】_.Those who had low literacy and numeracy were seldom【C15】_in
6、 any community organization and less likely than others to【C16】_in a general election. There had been no【C17】_in the literary level of【C18】_reporting problems.Alan Wells, the agencys director, said: “The results emphasize the dangers of developing an underclass people, who were out of work, 【C19】_de
7、pressed and often labeled themselves as【C20】_There is a circle of marginalization, with the dice against these people and their families. “1 【C1 】（A）proof（B） witness（C） testimony（D）evidence2 【C2 】（A）investigations（B） interviews（C） conferences（D）communications3 【C3 】（A）defect（B） backwardness（C） handi
8、cap（D）scarcity4 【C4 】（A）breakdown（B） breakout（C） breakaway（D）breakin5 【C5 】（A）the time（B） the instant（C） the moment（D）the point6 【C6 】（A）illiterate（B） suffering（C） poor（D）unqualified7 【C7 】（A）skilled（B） mental（C） manual（D）mechanical8 【C8 】（A）struggled（B） faced（C） encountered（D）confronted9 【C9 】（A）in
9、 light of（B） in line with（C） in case of（D）in time of10 【C10 】（A）translating（B） complying（C） following（D）obeying11 【C11 】（A）post（B） condition（C） status（D）position12 【C12 】（A）classified（B） thought（C） believed（D）labeled13 【C13 】（A）and（B） while（C） for（D）but14 【C14 】（A）more（B） much（C） less（D）little15 【C1
10、5 】（A）revolved（B） dissolved（C） resolved（D）involved16 【C16 】（A）claim（B） join（C） vote（D）win17 【C17 】（A）improvement（B） advancement（C） development（D）increase18 【C18 】（A）employees（B） interviewees（C） participants（D）researchers19 【C19 】（A）hardly（B） seriously（C） increasingly（D）potentially20 【C20 】（A）failure
11、s（B） winners（C） successors（D）patientsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business
12、places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion
13、 that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as an ill-mannered and simple-min
14、ded person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not mobile bala
15、nce sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberanc
16、e of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any group of people necessarily represe
17、nts an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in the business
18、 field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size the government, or the academic w
19、orld, or certainly the military.21 The paradox in the relationship of education to business is that（A）businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.（B） businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities.（C） there are both highly intellectual and uneducated businessme
20、n.（D）there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals.22 The word “Philistines“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means（A）intellectuals.（B） those who are sophisticated.（C） those who are ungraceful.（D）those who are uneducated.23 There isnt a stereotyped busin
21、essman because（A）businessmen represent a cross section of society.（B） businessmen are not ordinary people.（C） businessmen are people with strong personality.（D）there is considerable mobility in the vocation.24 According to the text, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of（A）p
22、revalent egoism among businessmen.（B） sheer misunderstanding from others.（C） racial discrimination.（D）the fierce social competition.25 According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?（A）People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.（B） Conformity is a special
23、characteristic of business.（C） Businessmen are all original thinkers.（D）Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions.25 Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creat
24、es eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.
25、Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $ 120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $ 150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tande
26、m with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $ 5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense:
27、as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.Until last summer such views were spreading
28、 quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they them
29、selves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost
30、of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at a
31、ll, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it
32、 necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste“ sounds politically attractive.26 Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Waste is everywhere.（B） Waste is very harmful.（C） Waste should be treated universally.（D）Waste can be an opportunity.27 Waste firms e
33、xpect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（A）those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.（B） those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.（C） those economies welcome waste firms to run business there.（D）those economies pay more attention to environ
34、mental protection.28 Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（A）clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.（B） they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the future.（C） low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make mo
35、ney.（D）governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.29 According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（A）would be hard to be disposed of.（B） should be really valuable.（C） would create less waste.（D）should be in strict regulation.30 Which of the following is true a
36、ccording to the last paragraph?（A）Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.（B） Californias “zero waste“ program makes no environmental sense.（C） More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficiently.（D）Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent.30 Eve
37、ry second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compar
38、ed to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide en
39、ough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some
40、of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats gro
41、wn in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8 . 7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If pe
42、ople eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they
43、are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. E
44、ven a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.31 Which of the following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（A）A diet without meat cannot supply
45、enough protein.（B） Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.（C） Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.（D）Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.32 In the third paragraph, the author implies that（A）food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.（B） lots of foo
46、d and water are consumed by cattle.（C） a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.（D）animals are raised for human food.33 Why do some people become vegetarians?（A）Because they want to develop a strong immune system.（B） Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.（C） Because
47、fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.（D）Because they consider eating animals as unethical.34 Chickens and pigs are cited as examples to show that（A）raising livestock is unethical.（B） eating animals is unethical.（C） livestock is confined to a very small space.（D）being a vegetarian is benefici
48、al to animals health.35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）The Advantages of Eating Less Meat（B） Why People Become Vegetarian（C） Environment and Meatless Diet（D）Saving Cattle and Chickens35 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need sp
49、end only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of und
