1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 22 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live【1】 competing interests. Your roommates need t
2、o study for an exam may take【2】over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the【3】 of your romantic interest may have other options. In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and【4】consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we
3、 want to influence【5】 others believe and behave. We may not always prevail-other points of view may be more persuasive,【6】on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to【7】that our position receives the attention it deserves. Some peo
4、ple, however,【8】to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion【9】 their lives or as a manipulation or domination.【10】, we believe that persuasion is【11】-to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, 【12】or degrading. Persuaders may
5、 enlighten our minds or【13 】on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls 【14】sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us【15】the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make.【16】, an essential part of education is learning t
6、o【17】the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other. 【18】its personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society. The【19】to persuade and be persuaded is the foundation of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment【20】the Constitution.（A）on（B） among
7、（C） for（D）by（A）priority（B） advantage（C） control（D）place（A）objection（B） projection（C） project（D）object（A）unbiased（B） unprejudiced（C） favorable（D）favorite（A）what（B） which（C） why（D）how（A）living（B） depending（C） resting（D）insisting（A）ensure（B） assure（C） insure（D）reassure（A）agree（B） object（C） confront（D）c
8、onsent（A）onto（B） of（C） to（D）into（A）In contrast（B） In particular（C） For instance（D）As a result（A）prominent（B） invariable（C） evident（D）inevitable（A）embarrassing（B） inspiring（C） upgrading（D）innovating（A）prey（B） rest（C） put（D）fall（A）for（B） up（C） off（D）on（A）apply（B） contribute（C） transfer（D）connect（A）How
9、ever（B） Conversely（C） Furthermore（D）Therefore（A）resist（B） perform（C） insist（D）restrain（A）Beyond（B） Except（C） Including（D）Excluding（A）power（B） authority（C） ability（D）right（A）to（B） for（C） on（D）inPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C o
10、r D. (40 points)21 In 1575over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint; we even
11、have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are.The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead th
12、e angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue.The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape
13、 from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected change
14、s.Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain; modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for the producti
15、on and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences.Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid change
16、s before the problems have come to passwitness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale.One of the characteristics of our
17、times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives.Notes:Renaissance (1415 世纪欧洲)文艺复兴(时期)。tyranny 暴虐统治；暴虐行为。are blessed with 幸有；有幸得到。b
18、ut a few 只是几个。 come to pass 发生，实现。as yet 至今。grass root 群众。21 According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?（A）An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitants.（B） The rich will become richer and the poor will b
19、ecome poorer.（C） New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.（D）The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.22 The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in Para. 3 is that _.（A）human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolutio
20、n.（B） the world has become too complex for human beings to modify.（C） preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be adopted.（D）the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.23 According to the text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround u
21、s can be found in all of the following EXCEPT _.（A）a decline in birth rates.（B） opposition to the use of pesticides.（C） pressing for better power production and energy use.（D）a rapid increase in the funding of environment research.24 The author is in favor of the opinion that _.（A）the reversal of tr
22、end caused by scientific advances is out of the question.（B） nuclear weapons wont play a prominent role in dealings among peoples.（C） the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate action.（D）the trend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible.25 The log
23、ical organization of the text is that _.（A）an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate it.（B） future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted.（C） a historical trend is stated and evidence is then provided to prove it.（D）examples of risks are given and reasons are
24、 then advanced to clarify them.26 The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (14441510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted aw
25、kwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation ad
26、opted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.)The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to
27、 understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the te
28、chnique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro.Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he sho
29、wed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art.In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work t
30、o the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysi
31、s of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home
32、rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in
33、themselvesrather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Bottieellis achievements.26 Which of the foll
34、owing would be the best title for the text?（A）The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals.（B） Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation.（C） Causes for Botticellis Rejection in Earlier Times.（D）Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Study.27 We can learn from the text that art critics
35、have a history of _.（A）suppressing painters art initiatives.（B） favoring a Botticellis best paintings.（C） rejecting traditional art characteristics.（D）undervaluing Botticellis achievements.28 The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis products are _.（A）identical.（B） complementary.（C） opposite.（D）si
36、milar.29 The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（A）representatives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement.（B） people who are in favor of Florentine.（C） critics who are likely to make assessments.（D）conservatives clinging to classical art.30 What does the author think of Botticellis repr
37、esentation skills?（A）They are to be fully appreciated.（B） They evolve from an uncertain source.（C） They underlie his personality.（D）They conform to the classical style.31 After Wall Street closed one recent Friday, a young man in jeans and a sports jacket strode into the showroom of the Classic Car
38、Club of Manhattan, a few blocks north of Tribeca. He paced between an Aston Martin V8, a Rolls-Royce Corniche, two vintage Ferraris and a dozen others, eager to find something for a night out. Ten minutes later he zipped through the hangar doors in a 2005 Lotus Elise, a bright red, curvy little numb
39、er. There was no bill to pay and no insurance form to sign.Luxury-car clubs are well established in Europe. Now they are catching on in the United States. The idea is that for an annual membership fee, plus (sometimes) a weekly charge, members can have their choice of smart cars. Ron Van Horssen, wh
40、o recently opened a club near Phoenix, says the model is based on executive-jet sharing. Rich people, he thinks, are realising that “owning an asset is not necessarily the best way of getting the benefits of using it“. A spin in a Van Horssen Ferrari Maranello costs $4,500 per week, plus the $7,000
41、annual fee. No one needs to worry about maintenance or inspections-and, as price tags on new Lamborghinis and Bentleys have climbed, the rich can even save a bit of money.Only a handful of clubs exist now in America, and none has national scope. Club Sportiva, a pioneer when it opened three years ag
42、o, is in San Francisco and San Jose; Exotic Car Share is in Chicago and New York. The Classic Car Club, a British firm, opened its Manhattan branch last July. But most are looking to expand. Torbin Fuller of Club Sportiva predicts that: “Well be national here in the next two to three years.“A varian
43、t on the formula is offered by exotic rental-car companies, which have no annual membership fee, and rent out cars for a day or a week. They are growing too. Dream Car Rentals, a Las Vegas firm with a fleet of 140, is opening a new branch at Fishermans Wharf in San Francisco. Many of the companys La
44、s Vegas customers are Europeans, and female clients come in only “once in a blue moon,“ says Gavin Mate, a manager.The mainstream rental-car companies have also spotted the trend, and are determined not to be left behind. In 2001 Hertz launched its “Prestige Collection“, with Jaguars and Lincoln Nav
45、igators and special services such as free pick-up. That business, claims Hertz, has been an “unmitigated success“ and continues to expand. Enterprise, the largest rental company in North America, reports a nearly 45% jump in luxury-car rentals in the year to October 2005. And with Wall Street bonuse
46、s soaring, 2006 is looking pretty good as well.31 A young man choosing a car is noted to suggest that（A）young people are now living a luxurious life.（B） luxurious cars are very expensive.（C） luxury-car club is now very popular.（D）renting a car from a club is easy and convenient.32 We can conclude fr
47、om the second paragraph that in Ron Van Horssens club（A）most members are rich people.（B） members should pay annually plus weekly rent.（C） members share some part of the maintenance or inspections fees.（D）executive-jet sharing service is also available.33 By saying “a variant on the formula“ (Line 1,
48、 Paragraph 4), the author means that（A）luxury-car rental is a new business.（B） foreign car-rental business is different from luxury-car clubs.（C） rental-car companies run in different ways.（D）rental-car business is newly developing.34 The “prestige Collection“ business of Hertz is（A）decreasing,（B） j
49、ust about to begin.（C） absolutely making good.（D）gaining some profits.35 The author seems to be mainly concerned with（A）the mainstream rental-car companies.（B） the exotic rental-car companies.（C） luxury-car rental business.（D）luxury-car clubs.36 According to studies cited by the National Eating Disorders Association, 42 percent of girls in first through third grade want to be thinner, 81 percent of 10-year-olds are afraid of being fat, and 51 percent of 9-and 10-year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a die
