1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 90 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 South-East Asias low-cost airlines have gone from feast to famine. Cheap, short-haul, no-frills flying came【 C1】_to the region, but
2、 people have【C2】_it eagerly. In just ten years,【C3】_the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation(CAPA), a research firm in Sydney, low-cost carriers share of the regions aviation market has【C4】_from almost nothing to 58%. In Europe, where cheap airlines have been flying for much longer, Easy Jet and its fel
3、lows【 C5】_only about 40% . Now South-East Asias skies are looking【C6】_The rise of low-cost carriers reflects potential demand for flying in an increasingly【 C7】_part of the world. This year another 12 such airlines may join the 47 already flying in the Asia-Pacific【C8】_This week it was【C9】_that Beij
4、ing is planning a new, $ 14 billion airport. In South-East Asia【 C10】_has been particularly strong: many of its 600m people live in large archipelagic countries,【C11】_Indonesia and the Philippines, where flying is the easiest way to get around.【C12】_the worlds 15 busiest low-cost international【 C13】
5、_, nine are in South-East Asia. All this demand requires aeroplanes: CAPA says South-East Asia is the only region where there are more planes on order than in【C14 】_fleets.【C15 】_, the expansion of airlines capacity seems to be getting ahead of the growth in demand. Some low-cost carriers are【C16】_t
6、o fill their seats. More luxurious airlines are feeling the trouble, too: this week Cathay Pacific said that【C17】_strong long-haul profits, competition from budget airlines was starting to【C18】_it on short-haul routes. Singapore Airlines expressed【C19】_worries earlier this month. Con Korfiatis, form
7、er boss of Jetstar Asia, the low-cost arm of Australias struggling Qantas,【C20】_that “the growth in the market will definitely be there, its just a matter of introducing too much capacity too soon. “1 【C1 】（A）early（B） quickly（C） late（D）easily2 【C2 】（A）taken for（B） taken to（C） come to（D）gone for3 【C3
8、 】（A）in respect of（B） as for（C） in spite of（D）according to4 【C4 】（A）soared（B） shrunk（C） surfed（D）shocked5 【C5 】（A）count for（B） account for（C） count as（D）account of6 【C6 】（A）polluted（B） unclear（C） crowded（D）dirty7 【C7 】（A）well-off（B） poor（C） luxury（D）chaotic8 【C8 】（A）part（B） district（C） realm（D）regio
9、n9 【C9 】（A）estimated（B） reported（C） assumed（D）inferred10 【C10 】（A）growth（B） decay（C） trend（D）decline11 【C11 】（A）for instance（B） put（C） such as（D）say12 【C12 】（A）With（B） In（C） On（D）Of13 【C13 】（A）roads（B） ways（C） routes（D）areas14 【C14 】（A）existing（B） inherent（C） living（D）essential15 【C15 】（A）Indeed（B）
10、Therefore（C） Although（D）However16 【C16 】（A）willing（B） struggling（C） unwilling（D）keeping17 【C17 】（A）since（B） for（C） before（D）despite18 【C18 】（A）hurt（B） wound（C） injure（D）destroy19 【C19 】（A）special（B） unneeded（C） similar（D）understandable20 【C20 】（A）doubts（B） predicts（C） estimates（D）believesPart ADirec
11、tions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Grilling meat gives it great flavour. This taste, though, comes at a price, since the process creates molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)which damage DNA and thus in
12、crease the eaters chances of developing cancer. For those who think barbecues one of summers great delights, that is a shame. But a group of researchers led by Isabel Ferreira of the University of Porto, in Portugal, think they have found a way around the problem. When barbecuing meat, they suggest,
13、 you should add beer. This welcome advice was the result of some serious experiments, as Dr. Ferreira explains in a paper in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The PAHs created by grilling form from molecules called free radicals which, in turn, form from fat and protein in the intense
14、heat of this type of cooking. One way of stopping PAH-formation, then, might be to use chemicals called antioxidants that clear away free radicals. And beer is rich in these, in the shape of melanoidins, which form when barley is roasted. So Dr. Ferreira and her colleagues prepared some beer marinad
15、es, bought some steaks and headed for the griddle.One of their marinades was based on Pilsner, a pale beer. A second was based on a black beer. Since black beers have more melanoidins than light beersas the name suggests, they give it colourDr. Ferreiras hypothesis was that steaks steeped in the bla
16、ck-beer marinade would form fewer PAHs than those steeped in the light-beer marinade, which would, in turn, form fewer than steaks left unmarinated.And so it proved. When cooked, unmarinated steaks had an average of 21 nanograms of PAHs per gram of grilled meat. Those marinated in Pilsner averaged 1
17、8 nanograms. Those marinated in black beer averaged only 10 nanograms. Tasty and healthy too, then. Just what the doctor ordered.21 It can be learned from the first paragraph that grilled meat _.（A）is both tasty and healthy（B） is delicious but expensive（C） will inevitably cause cancer（D）may enhance
18、the chance of cancer22 Isabel Ferreira and her team suggest that_.（A）you should drink beer while eating barbecue（B） people should not eat grilled meat for their health（C） beer should be used as flavouring while grilling meat（D）people should reduce the possibility of eating barbecue23 According to th
19、e last paragraph, which steak is the most healthy?（A）Steak in dark beer.（B） Unmarinated steak.（C） Steak in pale beer.（D）Well-done steak.24 The authors attitude towards Dr. Ferreiras experiment seems to be_.（A）favourable（B） contradictory（C） doubtful（D）indifferent25 An appropriate title for this text
20、may be_.（A）Taste and Health: Which One Do You Choose?（B） Barbecue And Beer: Tasty And Healthy（C） Beer: A Welcome And Healthy Drink（D）Grilled Meat: Delicious But Fatal25 “The purpose of this law is simple,“ said President Lyndon Johnson on July 2nd 1964, as he prepared to sign the Civil Rights Act. I
21、t would forbid segregation at hotels and restaurants, he explained , and ban discriminatory rules for voter registration. It had passed both chambers of Congress with a two-thirds majority, meaning that both Democrats and Republicans had supported the bill. The laws bulwark, he added, would be “volu
22、ntary compliance“. That was a wish as well as a warning.The law may have been simple, but Johnson intended its effects to be profound: “ to promote a more abiding commitment to freedom, a more constant pursuit of justice, and a deeper respect for human dignity“. And he knew that many whites, particu
23、larly in the South and in his home state of Texas, would resist its implementation.In the second week of April the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library in Austin, the Texas capital, hosted a summit on civil rights, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the laws passage. The speakers included advocat
24、es, athletes and artists: blacks, whites and Hispanics: leaders of the movement and people bom years later: and politicians from both parties, including the heaviest hitters available. Only five people alive have held the office of president of the United States. Four of them, including the incumben
25、t, spoke at the summit.The fact that the Civil Rights Act can now be the subject of a major conference is, in itself, a sign of how much the country has changed since its passage. In the early 1960s opposition to racial equality was widespread, brutal and sometimes lethal. It was also a more or less
26、 mainstream political position at the time the law was passed, and for years thereafter, at least in parts of the country.Former President Jimmy Carter, who spoke on the first day of the summit, recalled that when he was elected governor of Georgia in 1970, segregation in public services such as sch
27、ools was the norm, even though it was illegal. Even today, he continued, racial inequality can be seen in employment statistics and educational outcomes. “Too many people“ , he warned, “are at ease with the still existing disparity. “26 According to the first paragraph, the Civil Rights Act would_.（
28、A）ban voters from registration（B） prohibit racial discrimination（C） receive welcome from the public（D）gain the support of all Americans27 It can be implied in the second paragraph that_.（A）the law was so ambitious that it would fail（B） the implementation of the law would be easy（C） a majority of bla
29、ck people would resist the law（D）the law might be more popular among the black28 The word“heaviest hitters“(Line 5, Para. 3)most probably means_.（A）the heaviest persons（B） the eldest politicians（C） the most excellent killers（D）the most important persons29 The Civil Rights Act has become the theme of
30、 a meeting because_.（A）it has had profound influence（B） it has cultivated many leaders（C） it has changed the whole world（D）it has eliminated racial inequality30 It can be learned from the last paragraph that_.（A）racial discrimination has been eliminated at present（B） segregation in public services a
31、re still common now（C） many people are indifferent to racial inequality today（D）disparity can still be seen in most places of the country30 Britains housing market is like food in a microwave, says Spencer Dale, the chief economist at the Bank of England. It can “ turn from lukewarm to scalding hot
32、in a matter of a few economic seconds“. Since the crisis the bank has gained new tools to control the markets temperature. Now that the heat is rising, it may soon start testing them out.Until last year house prices were rising predominantly in prosperous central London boroughs. That was largely be
33、cause of an influx of cash-rich buyers, says Neal Hudson of Savills, an estate agency. People saw posh property in the capital as a shelter from economic turmoil abroad. Elsewhere in Britain, the housing market was slow. Potential buyers struggled to find mortgages. Falling real wages, economic unce
34、rtainty and the memory of declining house prices during the crisis curbed Britons passion with property.That changed in 2013. Prices rose by 6. 8% in the year to January, according to the Office for National Statistics. They are still increasing fastest in Londonup 13.2% compared with last year but
35、the inflation has spread to outer boroughs. In Brent, an unfashionable part of north-west London, prices have risen 31% in a year, according to a report from Nationwide, a building society. It recorded substantial increases in every part of Britain.These higher prices are a problem for first-time bu
36、yers, but they are not yet unsustainable. Nationally, house prices remain 16% below their pre-crisis peak, adjusted for inflation. Prices are high relative to wages, but that is not surprising. Successive governments have failed to free enough land for new housing development, while preserving plent
37、y of greenbelt. Borrowing costs have fallen over recent decades, in part because of a global excess of savings, making it easier for Britons to sustain large mortgages.Even so, the housing market is notoriously prone to bubbles. In January Mark Carney, the banks governor, warned MPs of the dangers o
38、f “inferred expectations“people rushing to buy on the assumption that prices will continue to surge. Hints of that are visible. People increasingly think house prices will keep climbing. Even though the governments “Help to Buy“ schemes, which subsidise higher-risk mortgages, are probably having onl
39、y a moderate direct impact, publicity surrounding them has fed a broader assurance that prices can only go up.31 We can infer from the underlined sentence that housing market_.（A）is not complicated at all（B） will be stable for a long time（C） will be completely controlled（D）is unpredictable and chang
40、eable32 Britons are a little indifferent to housing market mainly because of_.（A）shortage of money（B） economic depression（C） lack of purchasing power（D）restraint of traditional view33 The government is to blame for failing to_.（A）develop more land for housing construction（B） free enough land for com
41、mercial purposes（C） preserve plenty of greenbelt in the city（D）stabilize the housing prices in Britain34 According to the last paragraph, people assume that_.（A）the housing market will lead to bubbles（B） housing prices will not go any further（C） housing prices will continue to rise（D）the housing mar
42、ket will be stable35 The authors attitude towards the housing market seems to be_.（A）optimistic（B） apprehensive（C） indifferent（D）ambiguous35 In matters biological, whether large or small, it is a good bet that what Charles Darwin said back in the 19th century is correct. One idea he had, which has n
43、ot hitherto been put to the test, is that waterborne invertebrates frequently spread by hitching lifts on birds. On this, it turns out, he was right as well.Darwin noticed that when he suspended a ducks foot in an aquarium, invertebrate larvae attached themselves to it and held on tight for many hou
44、rs, even if he removed it from the water. Sadly, he died before he could explore this phenomenon in the wild. But Joseph Simonis and Julie Ellis just have.Dr. Simonis, who works at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, and Dr. Ellis, of Tufts University in Massachusetts, put Darwins idea to the test on Apple
45、dore Island in Maine, where thousands of rain-filled rock pools sit. These pools host such animals as water fleas, rotifers and seed shrimps. Since these creatures are incapable of cross dry land by themselves, the two researchers thought they might be making use of birds to hop between pools, as Da
46、rwin suggested.Dr. Simonis and Dr. Ellis therefore collected 25 young gulls that had been dabbling in the pools(juveniles are easier to catch because they cannot yet fly)and 25 others that they had followed for at least 20 minutes, and had not seen go into a pool in that time. They gave every bird a
47、 bath in a tub of water for five minutes and sieved the water afterwards to see what had floated off.They report in Ecology that 16 of the gulls which had been dabbling carried larvae or viable eggs when they were given their enforced bath. One, indeed, had 18 such creatures attached to it. Of those
48、 gulls that had been away from the water, only two carried hitchhiking invertebrates. Gulls, then, certainly are picking up passengers when they bathe. But are they dropping them at suitable destinations?The answer to that seems to be “yes“ , too. Pools in areas with lots of gulls shared 80% of thei
49、r species. That dropped to 50% in places where the birds were few and far between. It therefore looks as though gulls are homogenising the local ecosystems by carrying invertebrates around. Chalk another one up to Charles.36 Charles Darwins idea is mentioned in the first paragraph to _.（A）prove that he is correct（B） show his great contribution（C） serve as the topic of this text（D）
