1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析汉译英1 70 年代以来，美国华人社会发生了重大的变化。最显著的是许多来自大陆的中国人不断涌人美国，使美国华人的人数猛增。随着华人人口的迅猛增加和华族素质的明显提高，华人经济日趋繁荣。据悉，自 1986 年起，美国华人经济已跃居全美少数民族之首，遥遥领先于日裔、韩裔等其他后裔。美国华人家庭的年均收入已超过美国白人家庭。目前，一批华人企业家在美国经济界享有一定声望。更可喜的是，近年来美国冒出一批知名华裔科技人才。他们的科技成就引起了国际科技界的注意和钦佩。同时华人的政治意识明显提高，涉足美国政界的人越来越多。2 不同的人对退休持不同的态度。有些
2、人认为退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧虑，就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种种花、周游各地。总的说来，女的要比男的欢迎退休。她们退休后完全过一种家庭生活，没有像男的一样感到可怕。3 最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司。很少人愿意到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里
3、，这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面，由于许多大企业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益，而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣，所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找，工资也往往高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在单纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。4 在过去的二十年里，有将近 50 万的中国知识分子去了西方国家，特别是美国。据说上海在国外的音乐家足以组成一个世界一流的交响乐团。在科技界、医学界和体育界，同样存在相同的情况。中国知识
4、分子移居国外是因为他们认为在国内不能充分发挥自己的才能。由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。这种情况相当糟糕。曾一度由于一批又一批的人才流向国外，我们的人才发生严重短缺。这种情况一直到九十年代初才有所改变。因为政府做出了努力从社会尊重和经济待遇上提高知识分子的地位。5 有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 38 答案与解析汉译英1 【正确答案】 Si
5、nce the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes, a-mong which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into America s shore. As the population of the American citizens of Chinese descent have increased and their qualities have evidently i
6、mproved, so their economic conditions have prospered. It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities, Japanese and Koreans, for instance. The average Chinese family s yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average Americ
7、an family. At present there is a number of enterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame. An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and ethnical talents of Chinese descent. Their achiev
8、ements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and ethnical experts in the world. Meanwhile, Chinese descent citizens have more roles to play in American political circles, as they have risen evidently in political status.【知识模块】 汉译英2 【正确答案】 Attitudes towards retirement vary from
9、 person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of
10、 income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a mornin
11、g bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawl from employment to comple
12、te domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.【知识模块】 汉译英3 【正确答案】 A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a ma
13、terialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic
14、results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young people s view on the ch
15、oice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.【知识模块】 汉译英4 【正确答案】 The last twenty years has brought nearly half a million Chinese intellectuals into the Western world, especially into the Unite
16、d States. It is said that Shanghai s musicians abroad could form a world class symphony orchestra. A similar story has been told in science, medicine and sports circles. Chinese intellectuals emigrate because they believe they cannot bring their talent into full play in the homeland. They often feel
17、 depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons. The situation was so grim that once we suffered an acute shortage of talent, as one batch of gifted people after another had gone abroad. It didn t change much until the early 1990 when the efforts was made by the government to upgrade the status o
18、f the intellectuals, both social and economic.【知识模块】 汉译英5 【正确答案】 Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment. Another argument, however, holds that although some individuals will lose their jobs, society as a whole will benefit economically through increases in productivity. Despite its effects on society, one thing is certain: the technically trained will become ever more valuable, while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available.【知识模块】 汉译英
