1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 20（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Whe
2、n the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.1 By some estimates, there are as many as 12 million illegal immigrants in the United States, toiling in farm fi
3、elds, restaurant kitchens and construction sites. Theyre in the country illegally, but the employers who hire them are also breaking the law. But the presence of illegal workers on a home renovation crew, and the contractors insistence on payment in cash dont dissuade 【1】 _clients.Plenty of employer
4、s even pay taxes and 【2】 _on illegal workers.Many workers carry fake Social Security and green cards, and when theyre hired, employers 【3】 _those fake numbers with the federal government.There is a way the employer Can tell if those numbers are fake. As Chris Bentley of the U.S. Citizenship and Immi
5、gration Services explains, all it takes is a toll free phone call, which “allows them to, in a matter of seconds, take the information and 【4】 _it against 450 million social security administration files, and an additional 65 million Department of Homeland Security files.“But few employers make the
6、call.The program is 【5】 _Companies cant be held responsible for falling to spot 【6】 _documents.And although federal law 【7】 _employing illegal workers, it is rarely enforced. Some agents oversee a huge district that includes most of Southern California and parts of Nevada. They deal with port securi
7、ty, airport security, money laundering, narcotics, financial fraud, and organized crime, as well as trade in counterfeit goods, state secrets, and human beings. 【8】 _out illegal workers is just not a major concern, unless youre talking about a work site with national security implications, like Los
8、Angeles International Airport or a nuclear plant.That situation 【9】 _those who feel that American citizens are losing out to a black market system that lowers wages and cuts into the 【10】 _ base.1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you wi
9、ll hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 The Knowledge mentioned in the
10、interview is _.（A）a test about the traffic rules and the routes taxi drivers will run in London（B） the law on taxis in London（C） a test about the routes taxi drivers will run in six-mile radius in London（D）a driving test12 How much lime does it take Jack to learn the Knowledge?（A）9 months.（B） 19 mon
11、ths.（C） 2 to 3 years.（D）3 years.13 Which of the following statements is TRUE?（A）The taxi has to be thoroughly examined and repaired every year.（B） In London taxi-drivers take the Knowledge test instead of a driving test.（C） The license is annually renewed.（D）The law on taxi in London is more or less
12、 the same as in other places.14 Jack sees himself as a Londoner because _.（A）he has been in London a lot longer（B） he has got a typical London Cockney accent（C） he was born in London（D）he enjoys being a taxi driver in London15 The interview is mainly about _.（A）the laws on taxis in London（B） the lif
13、e of Jack, a taxi driver in London（C） how to be a taxi driver in London（D）body-building in LondonSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seco
14、nds to answer the questions.16 These militants _.（A）suffered severe casualties（B） were on the recently issued list of terrorists（C） fought with Saudi police forces（D）were thought to be hiding in al-Rawdah district17 Which statement is not true ?（A）The girl was living with her mother（B） The landlady
15、witnessed the crime（C） The girl and the suspect probably were dating（D）The girl was found dead on the floor18 We can learn from the news that _.（A）Police provided detail in formations about the girl（B） Tobago has a.population of 1.2 million（C） Homicide increased in Tobago（D）Tobago is generally a pea
16、ceful island19 Rabbi Michael Strassfeld says that one should be grateful _.（A）when everything goes smoothly（B） when the sun stands still（C） for peoples appreciation（D）for everyday aspects of life20 When a traditional Jew blesses God as “ the true Judge“ at hearing someones death, he _.（A）is acknowle
17、dging that death is part of life（B） is happy that his enemy finally died.（C） thinks that death is a blessing（D）God is good to that person.21 Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve prod
18、uctivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity- the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input- did not improve; and wh
19、ile the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their competitive
20、 edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became dear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40,20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives f
21、rom long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional costcutti
22、ng. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach- including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders in
23、novation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist
24、 innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed
25、 as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy factur
26、ing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting
27、 approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of man
28、aging.21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（A）summarizing a thesis（B） recommending a different approach（C） comparing points of view（D）making a series of predictions22 The authors attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as _.（A）cautious（B） critical（C） dis
29、interested（D）respectful23 in the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _.（A）a business principle（B） a definition of productivity（C） an example of a successful company（D）an illustration of a process technology.24 The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness i
30、s a strategy that is _.（A）flawed and ruinous（B） shortsighted and difficult to sustain（C） popular and easily accomplished（D）useful but inadequate25 At last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt
31、Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. Sh
32、e reflected that of course he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven.On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna h
33、ad been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domes
34、tic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils, “so close you could not put a pin through them.“The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But ch
35、ic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Mass and market,“ helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was
36、always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him.About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We sense an immense loneliness behind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going
37、 through a particularly trying phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything together and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were
38、constantly making the most awkward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her.Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local dances. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtru
39、sively, the practical side of their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most Victorian women.25 We can conclude that Isabel Burton _.（A）had been t
40、rying to get her husband a job in a place where she could go with him.（B） had been trying to get her husband a job in Brazil.（C） was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil.（D）was always trying to make great efforts in Brazil.26 When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided _.（A）to
41、 hit her husband with a slipper.（B） to carry on calmly with what she was doing.（C） to pull herself towards the chair she was standing on.（D）to calm down and behave sensibly.27 Although he was employed by Foreign Office, Richard Burton was _.（A）interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer.（B） very in
42、terested in his work and a number of other things.（C） bored by his work and his duties.（D）bored by his work and his many other interests and activities.28 The year which preceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and li
43、ving among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them m behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant,
44、 precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes the color of ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always acted, that is-as though I thought a great deal of myself-I had to act that way-with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I ha
45、d scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extraordinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could p
46、ossibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about Jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service restaurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee. It was always
47、an extraordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for me to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they
48、 were ready for me and, thought some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again.It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, bowling alleys, diners, and places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very sho
49、rtly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their elders whispered or shouted-they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my mind, of course.I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one lo
