1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 120 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on t
2、he Answer Sheet.0 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most ser
3、ious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain rang
4、es and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and f
5、rom California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from
6、 California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for th
7、e great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributin
8、g products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.1 The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in _（A）poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems（B） lack of financial support for development（C）
9、 limited railroad lines（D）lack of a transcontinental railroad2 The building of the first transcontinental system_.（A）brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west（B） attracted many visitors to the construction sites（C） attracted laborers from Europe（D）encouraged people to travel a
10、ll over the country3 The best title for this passage would be_.（A）Settlements Spread Westward（B） The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A Vital Link（C） American Railroad History（D）The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy4 The construction of the transcontinental railroad took_.（A）9 years（B） 7 years
11、（C） 4 years（D）3 years5 What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?（A）The possibility of government support for such a task.（B） The need to explore Utah.（C） The need to connect the east coast with the west.（D）The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.5 I find it
12、wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating, and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude.We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers“, for solitude is not measu
13、red by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows.The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at wo
14、rk in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his.Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live
15、 thick and are in each other s way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another.We have had to agree on a certain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications
16、between men.It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him.6 A man can be lonely in a crowd because_.（A）loneliness doesnt mean being alone（B） man always wants to work（C） solitude involves spac
17、e that intervene between a man and his fellows（D）loneliness comes from lack of hearty communication7 The author uses the example of the farmer and the student to show that_.（A）men need recreation after their work（B） men are not lonely when they are working（C） solitude is necessary, for a student（D）p
18、eople have different conceptions of solitude8 When the author says: “Society is commonly too cheap“, he means that_.（A）we meet not frequently enough（B） we eat cheap food and live a simple life（C） our lives are so regular（D）people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other
19、people9 The authors opinion on the value of a man is that_.（A）it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and politeness（B） it can be discovered through frequent physical contacts（C） it can be found in a mans appearance（D）it doesnt lie in physical contact10 Which of the following is not the autho
20、rs idea?（A）The idea of solitude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.（B） The routine life underlies mans loneliness.（C） Etiquette and politeness are rules that make frequent meetings tolerable.（D）Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.10 A recent study describ
21、ed coal as a “bridge to the future“. As the most plentiful fossil(化石) fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing portion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel.Coal is found around the globe, but three countriesthe United States, t
22、he Soviet Union and China own nearly two thirds of all known coal reserves. At present rates of using coal these reserves would last the world more than 200 years, according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore, scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal.While the United
23、 States has the largest sharemore than a quarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the Soviet Union and China produce almost as much coal as the U. S. does.In addition to the category of known reserves, the U. S. Geological Survey (地质调查所) has calculated that the United State
24、s has an estimated 1. 7 trillion (万亿) tons of coal at depths of less than 3,000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this coal is not easy to get with present technology or at present prices.To produce and use much more coal than we do today, a number of problems will have to be solved: capital at high inte
25、rest rates, manpower, and transportation, including insufficient rail facilities. Environmental concerns include the proper development of mine sites, possible changes in global climate caused by increased carbon dioxide from burning coal, and the objects that are sent out from coal stacks (烟囱) that
26、 wear out buildings, poison lakes, and damage human lungs.11 One of the advantages of coal is that_.（A）it can improve global climate（B） there is a lot of it（C） it is always easy to dig（D）it doesnt pollute12 Which problem is Not mentioned in the article?（A）Difficulties in digging the coal.（B） Polluti
27、on of the environment.（C） What happens when the coal is used up.（D）Insufficient rail facilities.13 Which country has the largest share of known world coal reserves?（A）China.（B） The United States.（C） The former Soviet Union.（D）The article doesnt tell us.14 How much coal does the United States have in
28、 known coal reserves?（A）786 billion tons.（B） 1.7 billion tons.（C） Nearly 200 billion tons.（D）3,000 billion tons.15 According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?（A）The U. S. has about 1.7 trillion tons of coal at depths of more than 3,000 feet.（B） Scientists think that all coal
29、reserves have been found out.（C） All coal is easy to get because we have modern technology.（D）The U. S. and China produce almost equal amounts of coal.15 The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In th
30、e past 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassett
31、e players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁) such devices from being used during “critical“ stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during
32、 all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The diffic
33、ulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, th
34、ey have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instruct
35、ions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.16 The passage is mainly about_.（A）a new regulation for all airlines（B） the defects of electronic devices（C） a possible cause of aircraft crashes（D）effective safety measures for air flight17 What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in
36、the past 15 years?（A）They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.（B） They may have taken place during take-off and landing.（C） They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.（D）They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.18 Few a
37、irlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_.（A）they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interference（B） the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved（C） most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio a
38、nd cassette players（D）they have other effective safety measures to fall back on19 Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?（A）Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.（B） Because it remains a mystery what
39、 wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.（C） Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.（D）Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.20 It can be inferred from the passage that the author_.（A）is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of
40、electronic devices completely（B） has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference（C） hasnt formed his own opinion on this problem（D）regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight20 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does n
41、ot live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty , or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A sim
42、ple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up“ the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a jus
43、t claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate wha
44、t is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right is unclear“ is bett
45、er than “This stereo (立体声音响 ) does not work. “The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a
46、step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers rights.21 When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to_.（A）complain personally to the manage
47、r（B） threaten to take the matter to court（C） write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase（D）show some written proof of the purchase to the store22 If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it s better to complain to_.（A）a shop assistant（B） the store manager（C） the manufactu
48、rer（D）a public organization23 The most effective complaint can be made by_.（A）showing the faulty item to the manufacturer（B） explaining exactly what is wrong with the item（C） saying firmly that the item is of poor quality（D）asking politely to change the item24 The phrase “live up to“ (Para. 1) in th
49、e context means_.（A）meet the standard of（B） realize the purpose of（C） fulfill the demands of（D）keep the promise of25 The passage tells us_.（A）how to settle a consumers complaint about a faulty item（B） how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item（C） how to avoid buying a faulty item（D）how to deal with complaints from customers专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 120 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number
