2019届高考数学二轮复习大题分层练(五)解析几何、函数与导数(A组)文.doc

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1、1大题分层练(五)解析几何、函数与导数(A 组)1.在平面直角坐标系 xOy中,抛物线 C的顶点是原点,以 x轴为对称轴,且经过点 P(1,2).(1)求抛物线 C的方程.(2)设点 A,B在抛物线 C上,直线 PA,PB分别与 y轴交于点 M,N,|PM|=|PN|.求直线 AB的斜率.【解析】(1)依题意,设抛物线 C的方程为 y2=ax(a0).由抛物线 C经过点 P(1,2),得 a=4,所以抛物线 C的方程为 y2=4x.(2)由题意作出图象如图所示.因为|PM|=|PN|,所以PMN=PNM,所以1=2,所以直线 PA与 PB的倾斜角互补,所以 kPA+kPB=0.依题意,直线 A

2、P的斜率存在且不为零,设直线 AP的方程为 y-2=k(x-1)(k0),将其代入抛物线 C的方程,整理得 k2x2-2(k2-2k+2)x+k2-4k+4=0.设 A(x1,y1),则 1x1= ,y1=k(x1-1)+2= -2,所以 A2-4+42 4.以-k 替换点 A坐标中的 k,得 B .(+2)22 ,-4-2)所以 kAB= =-1.即直线 AB的斜率为-1.2.已知函数 f(x)=ex-2(a-1)x-b,其 中 e为自然对数的底数.(1)若函数 f(x)在区间0,1上是单调函数,试求实数 a的取值范围.(2)已知函数 g(x)=ex-(a-1)x2-bx-1,且 g(1)=

3、0,若函数 g(x)在区间0,1上恰有 3个零点,求实数 a的取值范围.【解析】(1)根据题意,函数 f(x)=ex-2(a-1)x-b,其导数为 f(x) =ex-2(a-1),当函数 f(x)在区间0,1上单调递增时,f(x)=e x-2(a-1)0 在区间0,1上恒成立,2所以 2(a-1)(e x)min=1(其中 x0,1),解得 a ;当函数 f(x)在区间0,1单调递减时,f(x)=e x-2(a-1)0 在区间0,1上恒成立,所以 2(a-1)(e x)max=e(其中 x0,1),解得 a +1.综上所述,实数 a的取值范围是2 .(-, 32(2)函数 g(x)=ex-(a

4、1)x2-bx-1,则 g(x)=e x-2(a-1)x-b,分析可得 f(x)=g(x).由 g(0)=g(1)=0,知 g(x)在区间(0,1)内恰有一个零点,设该零点为 x0,则 g(x)在区间(0,x 0)内不单调,所以 f(x)在区间(0,x 0)内存在零点 x1,同理,f(x)在区间(x 0,1)内存在 零 点 x2,所以 f(x)在区间(0,1)内恰有两个零点.由(1)知,当 a 时,f( x)在区间0,1上单调递增,故 f(x)在区间(0,1)内至多有一个零点,不合题意.当 a +1时,f(x)在区间0,1上单调递减,故 f(x)在(0,1)内至多有一个零点,不合题意;所以 0,f(1)=e-2a+2-b0.由 g(1)=0,得 a+b=e,所以 f = +1-(a+b)= +1-e0,f(1)=2-a0,所以 e-1a2.综上所 述,实数 a的取值范围为(e-1,2).

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