1、2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：156.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Mo Yan is_as one of Chinas most talented writers.（分数：2.00）A.acclaimedB.claimedC.blamedD.studied2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more _ or more controversial than Margaret Mead.（分数：2.00）A.imagin
2、ativeB.hard-workingC.celebratedD.strong-minded3.Communication satellites transmit information more_than do ordinary shortwave radios.（分数：2.00）A.convenientlyB.reliablyC.accessiblyD.concisely4._evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in many parts of this developing country.（分数：2.
3、00）A.ManyB.LittleC.TentativeD.Mounting5._all living things have some way of getting from here to there.（分数：2.00）A.CertainlyB.VirtuallyC.DeplorablyD.Eventually6.I_him that I would help him if he had any difficulty in carrying out the task.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.assuredC.guaranteedD.vowed7.It is dangerou
4、s to walk through a thick forest_a winter afternoon without a guide.（分数：2.00）A.inB.atC.onD.towards8.At the end of the year all department stores_prices to encourage sales.（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.produceC.reduceD.induce9.The scholarship is open to all the students_race or sex.（分数：2.00）A.regardless ofB.wi
5、th regard toC.in conformity toD.according to10.That company claimed that this new material can_water like a sponge.（分数：2.00）A.suckB.absorbC.squeezeD.drink11.Although a recession is usually characterized by at least two consecutive quarters of_GDP, this is not a fixed rule.（分数：2.00）A.fallingB.declini
6、ngC.fluctuatingD.impending12.Forest fires frequently threaten human lives and cause great property damage to people_in southern California.（分数：2.00）A.workingB.sleepingC.dwellingD.playing13.Music and paintings can communicate ones_feelings and emotions when words fail to express them.（分数：2.00）A.sligh
7、testB.innermostC.rarestD.secret14.All living creatures have to constantly_various changes in their environment in order to survive.（分数：2.00）A.interfere withB.react toC.comply withD.succumb to15.Pregnant women are advised to take a_, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fr
8、esh fruits, vegetables, while grains, legumes, and fish.（分数：2.00）A.wholesomeB.gradualC.well-cookedD.delicious16.Our Chinese tradition is quite different_we only want to defend our own country, not to invade other countries.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.forC.in thatD.that17.China hosted the Olympic Games in 20
9、08, thus_her dream to be recognized as one of the greatest nations in the world.（分数：2.00）A.having realizedB.realizingC.realizedD.to realize18.Suddenly the donkey gave a loud bray. Thinking that the donkey_eat him, the tiger ran away hurriedly.（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.was going toC.was about toD.was to19.An
10、cient Changan was seven times_the size of todays Xian city.（分数：2.00）A.B.as much asC.that ofD.of20.The reason why he didnt take the exam was_he had an accident on his way to the school.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.because ofC.thatD.due to21.If it_for his help, I wouldnt be a university student now.（分数：2.00）A.
11、hasnt beenB.hadnt beenC.wasntD.werent22.According to the weather forecast, it_this afternoon.（分数：2.00）A.will rainB.rainsC.is going to rainD.is to rain23.Neither John nor his roommates_in the dormitory yesterday evening.（分数：2.00）A.wasB.wereC.has beenD.had been24.Malaysian Airlines lost an airplane on
12、 March 8 last year, _whereabouts still remains a mystery.（分数：2.00）A.itsB.whoseC.theirD.the25._you need any further information, please do not hesitate to let me know.（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall26.Since you have already come, you_stay here for a couple of days.（分数：2.00）A.might wellB.might a
13、s wellC.might have toD.might27.She told her parents that she had decided to marry him, _a prince or a pauper.（分数：2.00）A.if he wasB.were heC.was heD.be he28._you work hard enough_you be able to get a PhD degree in three years.（分数：2.00）A.Only if, willB.If only, wouldC.Should, willD.Unless, would29.Har
14、dly_the train_when the waiting crowd ran towards it.（分数：2.00）A.did, arriveB.has, arrivedC.had, arrivedD.was, arriving30.The conference_next year will be an important event in the history of the country.（分数：2.00）A.having been heldB.being heldC.to be heldD.held二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)To say that the ch
15、ild learns【C1】_imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every【C2】_he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to【C3】_is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn【C4】_a more subtle theor
16、y than “Monkey see, monkey do“. Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a【C5】_response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain【C6】_. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason【C7】_what to do, he observes a【C8】_who seems able t
17、o get the right【C9】_. The child looks for a/an【C10】_or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at【C11】_in this situation. The child may be able to【C12】_his immediate goal only to【C13】_that his method brings criticism【C14】_people who observe him. When shouting across the house achie
18、ves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is【C15】_emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to【C16】_any objective situation is overlaid【C17】_the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the chil
19、d learns is that he gets more affection and【C18】_when his parents like his response. Then other adults【C19】_some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must【C20】_responses his social group approves.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.throughB.
20、fromC.byD.with(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.learnB.setC.implyD.follow(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.toC.forD.into(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.upB.forC.throughD.out(8).【C8】（分数：
21、2.00）A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.workingB.workC.the workD.his(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.tellB.getC.findD.realize(14).
22、【C14】（分数：2.00）A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.inD.for(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.
23、doB.takeC.adoptD.employ三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)One of the most important periods in Greed history was the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. , and lasted almost 200 years. It was during this time in history that Greek ideas and Greek culture
24、spread to Egypt and throughout the Near East. A Greek state even existed as far west as India. During the Hellenistic Age, there were great advances in such areas as philosophy, science, religion, art and social justice. Important discoveries were made in the sciences. Eratosthenes, for instance, ma
25、de an accurate calculation of the diameter of the earth, while Aristarchus declared that the earth was round. Social reformers attempted to abolish debt and institute a program of land redistribution among the poor but met with little success. Women achieved a better social standing and among the mi
26、ddle class education became widespread. Peace of mind was the great concern of the philosophers of the Hellenistic Age. The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty. The Epicureans espouse
27、d the idea that moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain produced the desired result. The Cynics turned away from all desires and pleasures, and advocated a pursuit of virtue. In religion, many Greeks turned to the worship of such Egyptian gods as Serapis and Isis. During the Hellenistic Age
28、, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, the Antigonids of Macedon and the Attalids of Pergamum, and it was their fighting against each other and among themselves that paved the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece and
29、 most of the Hellenistic world in the 100s B. C. The Romans brought the Hellenistic Age to a close when they conquered the last major power, Egypt, in 30 B. C.（分数：10.00）(1).What part did Alexander the Great play in the flowering of Greek culture during the Hellenistic Age?（分数：2.00）A.It was his wisdo
30、m and power which aided its growth.B.He helped especially in the area of science.C.It was in social reforms that he contributed most.D.He had no direct involvement whatsoever.(2).Which statement about the Hellenistic Age is not correct?（分数：2.00）A.Land redistribution was less than successful.B.The so
31、cial standing of women improved.C.Education spread from the middle to the lower classes.D.Attempts to abolish debt did not find great success.(3).According to the passage, which statement is most likely?（分数：2.00）A.A Cynic would seek a life a comfort and ease.B.A Stoic would try to do what was expect
32、ed of him.C.An Epicurean would enjoy a hard fight.D.A Stoic would attempt to triumph over nature.(4).The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world was helped greatly by the_.（分数：2.00）A.divisions existing among its political factionsB.inability of its philosophers to work togetherC.conflict between its
33、 several religious groupsD.lack of agreement on its necessary social reforms(5).The word “espouse“ in the third paragraph of this passage probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.proposeB.marryC.supportD.rejectWhy are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are conv
34、inced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents. If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a we
35、ek or “Boy. I cant wait to get back to work. “ While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives. The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is t
36、hat they feel trapped. Once youve been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things arent turning out as youd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do som
37、ething because they have no other choice. If you find yourself resenting your job because you cant afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule“. He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent bas such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body
38、. If hes captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change. Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help
39、-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. Youre not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude
40、. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are here only because you want to be. At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really arent. They h
41、ave to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.To extend the vacation as long as possible.B.To gain a balance between work and play.C.To go back to work as soon as pos
42、sible.D.To relax completely free from worry.(2).It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because_.（分数：2.00）A.going to work is wasting their timeB.they cant feel fulfilled in their jobsC.they are confined to the jobs tightlyD.pay seldom corresponds with work(3).When one cons
43、iders changing job, the biggest difficulty is_.（分数：2.00）A.leaving a company and a good bossB.reducing the family burdenC.giving up a stable incomeD.drawing up a better plan for the future(4).The author suggests that, by having a “cyanide capsule“ at work, one will_.（分数：2.00）A.find a satisfactory job
44、 soonB.be as brave as the hero in spy moviesC.be more tolerant with the present jobD.have the courage to give up the unbearable job(5).You will change your attitude towards your job when_.（分数：2.00）A.you are provided with the chance to chooseB.you are responsible for your present jobC.you get ready y
45、our up-to-date resumeD.you get what you need from your jobWatch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic idea of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various things, that the idea
46、s of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very exactly. Soon it picks up language. And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups.
47、 From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now gi
48、ves it up to the unreasonable conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days, no matter what vicissitudes(兴衰变迁)it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical ability in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak freely.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The impact(影响)of language on mathematics.B.Childrens ability to learn languages.C.How basic ideas of physics are learned?D.Maths-learning strategies(策略)for babies.(2).A
