1、考研数学三-多元函数微积分学(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) is their purpose merely to make con
2、versation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (3) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) ,
3、 the memories form part of a continuing life (8) , in which the old person (9) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impe
4、nding death. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) to think about itand certainly not to talk about it (16) the presenc
5、e of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20)
6、is so.（分数：10.00）(1).A better than B rather than C less than D other than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A so B even C nor D hardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A preserve B conserve C resume D assume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A performing B playing C undertaking D lacking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A orientation B implication C suc
7、cession D presentation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A worthy B worth C worthless D worthwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A In a word B In brief C In addition D In particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A prospect B impetus C impression D review（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A integrates B incorporates C includes D interacts（分数：0.50）
8、A.B.C.D.(10).A reckons B counts C reflects D conceives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A keeps B draws C inclines D tends（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Therefore B And C Yet D Otherwise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A taboo B dispute C contempt D neglect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A notorious B indecent C obscure D desperate（分数：0.5
9、0）A.B.C.D.(15).A ready B willing C liable D reluctant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A at B on C with D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A status B circumstance C environment D priority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A encounter B confront C tolerate D expose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A under B above C beyond D within（分数：0.50）A.B.C.
10、D.(20).A which B what C as D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most e
11、ffective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national
12、 leaders understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a deci
13、sive role in reshaping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a na
14、tion has 1Seen coasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost its edge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. The country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration. Most important, the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accom
15、modate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that Americas university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceased to grow. Furthermore, Americas university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social m
16、obility and immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longe
17、r the leaders in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math
18、and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confid
19、ence based on past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; des
20、ign entirely new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, US modern universities _A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D i
21、s a place for innovation and creation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).New universities have been established among many other countries in order to _A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).W
22、hat is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predominant position in artistic innovations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.（分数：2.00）
23、A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the goal of China to build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a
24、 culture of appreciation of science and technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is _A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system for learning and rese
25、arching.D spending more money for hardware improvement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both di
26、d rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refused-and they ended up with several coves called Zog.America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the const
27、itution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen, shall be eligible to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger.Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in Californias recall elect
28、ion, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress. one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens fo
29、r 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983.)It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional sta
30、te. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada. the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor.Moreover, changing the American constitution is no d
31、oddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment
32、is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the text makes a contrast in _.A Paragraph and Paragraph B the opening paragraphC Paragr
33、aph t and Paragraph D the concluding paragraph（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.A lacks means of transportation forB never discriminateC have no vehicle toD refuses to consider（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schw
34、arzenegger is at disadvantage due to _.A more embarrassing secretsB previous actor backgroundC excessive garment decorationD less slender figure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “cyborg“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to _.A Aubgrey HerbertB George Bush seniorC William of OrangeD Arnold Schw
35、arzenegger（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that _.A the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycleB there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold runningC abolishing slavery and granting women the vote given an impetus
36、 to Arnold runningD both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A rare provision in San Franciscos business tax code that taxes companies when employees cash in their stock options has caused a stir in this hotbed of fledgling tec
37、h companies. Remarkably, few companies even knew about the tax, which has been in effect for seven years. But since city officials offered Twitter a payroll-tax break as an incentive for it to remain in San Francisco (the company is considered likely to go public soon), the stock-option provision ha
38、s suddenly come under intense scrutiny. A number of other booming companies, including Zings, the maker of online games and one of the citys fastest-growing firms, have threatened to leave the city unless they receive similar payroll-tax exemptions before going public.Unlike most cities, San Francis
39、co generates most of its business tax revenue through a payroll tax. The Twitter exemption bill, which will be considered by the full Board of Supervisors on April 5, would freeze payroll taxes for six years along a strip of Market Streetwhere Twitter is set to relocateand several square blocks in t
40、he Tenderloin neighborhood. Twitter executives had been concerned because since 2004 the citys payroll tax code has counted stock options granted to employees as compensation, which is taxed at 1.5 percent. If Twitter goes public in San Francisco and a large number of workers exercise their options,
41、 the city would tax the company on its employees stock gainsa bill likely to amount to tens of millions of dollars. “Twitter could be looking at a significantly larger payroll tax liability if and when it goes public,“ said Ted Egan, the chief economist in San Franciscos controllers office.Because o
42、f the dearth of I. P. O. s inside the city limits in the last decade, the stockoption tax has gone under radar until now. Businesses, city officials and even seasoned tax lawyers are confounded. “Nobody ever talked about this because nobodys really tested these issues before,“ said Thomas H. Steele,
43、 a partner in Morrison they provide themselves with necessities before trying to obtain luxuries. Why cant great nations act in the same sensible way? Let us put our house in order first and let space look after itself. A An increasing number of people even begin to picture a space travel in recent
44、years. B Poverty, hunger, disease and war are mans greatest enemies and the world would be an infinitely better place if the powerful nations devoted half as much money and effort to these problems as they do to the space race. C The space race is not simply the objective search for knowledge though
45、 it is often made out to be. D On the other hand, people benefit dramatically from the development of science and technology. E This is hardly value for money when you think that our own earth can provide countless sights that are infinitely more exciting and spectacular. F We are often told that te
46、chnological know-how, acquired in attempting to get us into orbit, will be utilized to make better on earth. G If a man deprived himself and his family of food in order to buy and run a car, we would consider him mad.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What is it tha
47、t brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking? Is there no thinking without the use of language, namely in concepts and concept combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind? Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between “ thi
48、ngs “ was already clear?(46)We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize t
