1、考研英语(一)-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1) a new electronic market ( for economic indices that (2) substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll ( a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market
2、 was made possible by a (3) rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4) the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is “digital“ (5) of a digital option : ie, it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In ef
3、fect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each “horse“ wins if and (6) the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible (7) of the index, and allowing people to bet (8) any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market fo
4、r a wide array of options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was (9) impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to (10) the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proli
5、feration of types of home loan, some of (11) have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12) for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of (13) ,for most people, is the single most important (14) of their wealth. The Yale University-Neigh
6、bourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15) last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that (16) sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the (17) of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometri
7、c indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18) developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19) as early
8、precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20) will beset us in coming years.（分数：10.00）A.createdB.generatedC.initiatedD.originatedA.reproduceB.restoreC.representD.resumeA.sophisticatedB.expensiveC.availableD.establishedA.madeB.calledC.as
9、kedD.readA.in the courseB.in the eventC.in the lightD.in the senseA.whenB.untilC.now thatD.only ifA.extentB.rangeC.lineD.areaA.forB.inC.onD.upA.virtuallyB.admittedlyC.absolutelyD.originallyA.assumeB.assessC.dismissD.eraseA.themB.whichC.thatD.whomA.managementB.insuranceC.securityD.technologyA.whatB.t
10、hoseC.whereD.itA.guaranteeB.protectionC.componentD.sourceA.securedB.sponsoredC.releasedD.launchedA.look toB.set upC.lay downD.rely onA.termsB.specificationsC.conceptsD.consequencesA.isB.beingC.beenD.areA.emergeB.appearC.standD.ariseA.somehowB.anywayC.otherwiseD.thereby二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0
11、.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many video games feature an invincibility power-up that makes the players impervious to damage, at least for a while. As the economic crisis hit in late 2008, some said the same about the industry itself. The theory went that sales of video games, w
12、hich had been strong in 2008, would also be strong in 2009, because games are a relatively cheap form of entertainment that let people escape from gloomy economic reality.At first glance the sales figures seem to debunk the idea that video games are recession-proof. In June 2009, for example, sales
13、of games in America were 31% lower than in June 2008, according to NPD, a market-research firm. In July sales were down 26% , the fifth successive monthly decline. But the year ended with a record-breaking December, as people bought consoles and games for Christmas. Globally, says Piers Harding-Roll
14、s of Screen Digest, a consuhancy, sales of games were down by 6.3% in 2009. The number of Nintendo Win and Microsoft Xbox 360 consoles sold was flat in 2009 ; sales of Sows PlayStation 3 were up by 22% after a price cut.In some respects, this stumble reflects gamings new popularity. When it was less
15、 of a mainstream activity it was not so connected to the wider economic cycle. The success of the family-friendly Wii has broadened gamings appeal, but the new players it has attracted are less fanatical garners who are more likely to cut back in hard times. During 2009 more people turned to mobile,
16、 web-based or second-hand games, says Mr Harding-Rofls.Another way of looking at things, however, is to say that spending on gaming is driven by big hits, and that the slight decline in 2009 reflects creative rather than economic weakness. Entertainment industries always have their ups and downs, sa
17、ys Shigeru Miyamoto, the creative force behind many of Nintendos biggest games. There was an unusually large number of hits in 2008, which boosted sales, and fewer big releases in 2009 until late in the year, which may explain the weak mid-year sales. The biggest hit was “Modern Warfare 2“, released
18、 in November, which became the fastest-selling game in history, selling 7 million copies worldwide on its first day. The top 20 games took a larger share of sales in 2009 than in 2008, which shows that the games industry is becoming increasingly polarised between hits and misses. Hence the hit-and-m
19、iss results of the big publishers of video games.Overall, says Mr Miyamoto, 2009s crop of games may just have been less compelling. “We were not able to produce fun-enough products,“ he says. That highlights the importance of continued innovation, he saysbut it leaves unanswered the question of whet
20、her gaming is indeed recession-proof.（分数：10.00）(1).In America, which month is the most highest sales of video games?（分数：2.00）A.June in 2008.B.March In 2009C.November in 2009D.December in 2009(2).What does the third paragraph that gives the examples of Wii infer?（分数：2.00）A.Wider economic cycle has be
21、en a little related to video games industry.B.Nintendo made the video games more attractive.C.Wii lost attractions to fanatical gamers.D.Recession had no influence in investing the video games.(3).From the fourth paragraph, we can know that_.（分数：2.00）A.entertainment have been in the slight decline r
22、ecentlyB.creative games will bring good salesC.sale increasing by the end of 2009 is due to big hits of gamesD.“Modern Warfare 2“ benefits from the Shigeru Miyamotos innovations(4).Which of the opinion that the sales figures of the video game industry reduced in 2009 not because of economy crisis is
23、 not supportive?（分数：2.00）A.Other games are distributed.B.The video game is on the decline.C.The video game doesnt have enough creation.D.Fanatical garners dont reduce expense.(5).In the light of what Shigeru Miyamoto said, we can infer_.（分数：2.00）A.games innovations may lead to the sale decline of 20
24、09B.he has no idea about whether it is influenced by the economic crisisC.the gap of hits and misses in games industries is innovativeD.games industries will soon recover from the level of 2008五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the enduring myths of American folklore is that Jesse James was a home-grown
25、 Robin Hood who “stole from the rich and gave to the poor“ That legend enjoyed a revived popularity in the 1960s. Supported by movies, pulp fiction, and even serious scholarship, this image has dominated our understanding of the post-Civil War James gang and other western outlaws. Historians have de
26、scribed James as a “primitive rebel“ who championed “a special type of peasant protest and rebellion“ against modernizing forces by robbing banks and railroads.But James himself would have considered this notion a great joke. In fact, Jamess robbers went after the express company safes just because
27、thats where the money was. As for the Robin Hood theme, there is no evidence the James gang did anything with the cash they stole except to spend it on fine horseflesh and gambling.The key to understanding the motives of the James gangbesides greedis the Civil War, especially the vicious guerrilla c
28、ombat within the larger war that plagued Missouri. Support for the Confederacy was strong in the Little Dixie counties that flanked the Missouri River just east of the Kansas border. In these counties lived most of the men and boys who went into the bush as Confederate guerrillas, including Frank an
29、d Jesse James. They learned their trade under the tutelage of such psychopathic killers as “ Bloody Bill“ Anderson and William Clarke Quantrill, who murdered scores of Missouri Unionists and fought it out with Union soldiers during four years of internecine warfare.These guerrillas were anything but
30、 the poor farmers of folklore. Many of them (like James) came from families that were three times more likely to own slaves and possessed twice as much wealth as the average Missouri family. James fought during the war against emancipation and after the war against the Republican Party that freed an
31、d enfranchised the slaves. Many of the banks and express companies struck by the James gang were owned by individuals or groups associated with the Republican Party. Like the Ku Klux Klan in former Confederate states, the James gang did its best to undermine the new order ushered in by Northern vict
32、ory in the Civil War.When Democrats regained control of Missouri in the 1870s, the James gang looked for greener pastures outside the state. In August 1876, they rode all the way to Northfield, Minn. , with the aim of robbing a bank there in which a Union general was reported to have deposited large
33、 funds. When the bank cashieralso a Union veteranrefused to open the vault, James shot him in cold blood. The citizens of Northfield fought back, killing two of the bandits before they could flee the town. Jesse and Frank James got away, but this affair was the beginning of the end for Jesses career
34、 as the self-described “Napoleon of crime. /（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we can know that_.（分数：2.00）A.people all like the heroes who “stole from the rich and gave to the poor“B.before 1960 people hardly know the legend about JamesC.many peasant rebelled against modernizationD.some literar
35、y and artistic works mislead to us about James(2).James robbed express companies because_.（分数：2.00）A.there were many cash in the express companiesB.he liked horseflesh and gamblingC.he was greedy by natureD.he was hostile to the Republican Party(3).As for the guerrilla, which is the right?（分数：2.00）A
36、.The civil war occurred in the large-scale guerrillaB.the guerrilla were against the unification of the North and the SouthC.The guerrillas were made up of by the poor farmersD.The guerrillas were always robbing(4).From the passage we can infer that James_?（分数：2.00）A.was a slave ownerB.only robbed t
37、he money of the Republican PartyC.destroy the stability of the postwarD.no longer robbed in the Missouri after being controlled in the Democrats(5).Which is the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Recognize real JamesB.Crime with both fame and wealthC.From combat to crimeD.The tragedy of the Civil
38、 War六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenomenon. There is growing evidence, however, that chemicals in the environment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted, preliminary conclu
39、sions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exposed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substances. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults, all of which exposes them more heavily to those chemicals to whi
40、ch most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Furthermore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals, which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticides commonly used in American schools, a study conducted by the National Coalition Agains
41、t the Misuse of Pesticides found that many caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects included kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive problems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching. Given the variety of harmful effects attribute
42、d to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nations schools, where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by further
43、analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term solution or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Associations Council on Scientifi
44、c Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that given the “particular uncertainty, regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures,“ it is “prudent“ for adults and children to limit their exposure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-chemical altern
45、atives. /（分数：10.00）(1).The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragraph 3 is used to suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.scientists are also concerned with the effects of pesticides on animalsB.cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC.most or all of the dangerous effects of
46、 pesticides are now knownD.the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans(2).Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pesticides because_.（分数：2.00）A.children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB.pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC.the p
47、esticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD.adults know more about pesticides than children(3).The main point of this text is that_.（分数：2.00）A.pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB.children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC.schools are most
48、 responsible for pesticide-related illnessesD.pesticides should be eliminated everywhere(4).The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in paragraph 2 to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB.show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of d
49、angersC.suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD.identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular(5).The author cites the American Medical Associations advice in paragraph 5 in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.present more factual details to clarify the issueB.present an alternative theory for considerationC.present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD.present a solution drawn from all the evidence considered七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Although it is the elderly and the young infants who get the s
