1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 479 及答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shoppingwhere you hand over notes and count out chang
2、e in returnnow happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the mos
3、t cutting-edge retail storesVictoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instanceyou don“t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have t
4、he money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I“m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn“t quick or easy for most of us. Isn“t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn“t a walletthat time-honoured Friday-night f
5、eeling of pleasing, promising fatnessrepresent something that matters? But I“ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a walletthe way the fastenings and material
6、s wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema ticketsis the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a p
7、ebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.（分数：71.00）(1).What is happening to the wallet?（分数：14.20）A.It is disappearing.B.It
8、is being fattened.C.It is becoming costly.D.It is changing in style.(2).How are business transactions done in big modern stores?（分数：14.20）A.Individually.B.Electronically.C.In the abstract.D.Via a cash register.(3).What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?（分数：14.20）A.Saving money is becoming
9、 a thing of the past.B.The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C.Earning money is getting more difficult.D.Spending money is so fast and easy.(4).Why does the author choose to write about what“s happening to the wallet?（分数：14.20）A.It represents a change in the modern world.B.It has something to
10、do with everybody“s life.C.It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D.It is the concern of contemporary economists.(5).What can we infer from the passage about the author?（分数：14.20）A.He is resistant to social changes.B.He is against technological progress.C.He feels reluctant to part with the t
11、raditional wallet.D.He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some years ago, two American psychologists named Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson conducted studies to find out why success comes more easily to some people than to others, even when their basic
12、abilities are about the same. Initially they conducted laboratory experiments with rats to find the answer to their question. The first hypothesis (假设) they formed was that the expectations of the experimenters in the laboratory would influence the behavior of their subjects, the rats. The concept b
13、ehind this hypothesis was that of “the self-fulfilling prophecy (预言).“ That is, if we are led to hold certain expectations about ourselves, we will, in fact, fulfill those expectations. What people think of us and expect of us is communicated to us by their words, their attitudes and their behavior.
14、 The procedure for the experiment was not complicated. First, a number of Rosenthal and Jacobson“s students were given a group of rats and a maze (迷宫) for the rats to run through. Some of the students were told that their rats were “bright“ and were descended from a group of rats that had done well
15、in running the maze previously. Other students were told that their rats were “duller“ than the first group. Later, both groups of students filled out questionnaires asking for their opinions of their rats“ personalities and intelligence. The results of the experiment were interesting, and they conf
16、irmed the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy. The rats labeled “bright“ did well, whereas the rats labeled “dull“ did poorly. Students who handled “bright“ rats seemed to expect more from them and accordingly handled them in such a fashion: They spoke gently to them and handled them friendly. On t
17、he other hand, the students who worked with the “dull“ rats handled them roughly and spoke loudly to them. Apparently the students did have certain expectations about their rats because of what they had been told, and they communicated these expectations to the rats; indeed, the rats fulfilled those
18、 expectations. Rosenthal and Jacobson finally drew the conclusion that expectations can powerfully influence the behavior of subjects. They later went on to apply this conclusion to other groups of subjects including teachers and students.（分数：15.00）(1).What did Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson w
19、ant to know by their experiments with rats?（分数：3.00）A.Why some rats appeared to be much quicker to run through a maze.B.Why some rats could run through the maze successfully while others couldn“t.C.Why some people can succeed easily while others come to nothing.D.Why some people succeed more easily
20、than others though they have the same abilities.(2).How can we explain “self-fulfilling prophecy“?（分数：3.00）A.We can predict what we“ll be in the future.B.We tend to live up to others“ expectations.C.We can achieve success all by ourselves.D.We are easily affected by some prophecies.(3).What can we k
21、now about the rats Rosenthal and Jacobson used in their experiments?（分数：3.00）A.They were divided into groups according to intelligence levels.B.They had similar intelligence levels.C.They were offspring of some highly intelligent rats.D.They were quite different in terms of personalities.(4).How did
22、 the students in the experiment treat the “bright“ rats?（分数：3.00）A.They were gentle and friendly to them.B.They often spoke loudly to them.C.They held no expectation about them.D.They handled them roughly.(5).The conclusion from the experiment is that _.（分数：3.00）A.bright people succeed more easilyB.
23、less intelligent people succeed less easilyC.expectations can influence people“s action greatlyD.people can succeed equally easily under same conditions五、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.异地团圆俗话说，有钱没钱回家过年。按照传统习俗，异地游子春节都要回到老家与父母过年。但近来，儿女回家看望父母的传统习俗被逐渐打破，“异地团圆”的潮流正在悄然兴起。有学者认为，如今，四位老人、一对夫妻、一个孩子的 421 型家
24、庭逐渐成为社会主流，对他们来说，“异地团圆”不失为对传统探亲方式的补充，也是一种不错的选择。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 479 答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind
25、 of shoppingwhere you hand over notes and count out change in returnnow happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more
26、and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail storesVictoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instanceyou don“t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Which is n
27、othing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I“m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn“t quick or easy for most of us. Isn“t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of
28、an eye? Doesn“t a walletthat time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatnessrepresent something that matters? But I“ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the loo
29、k and feel of a walletthe way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema ticketsis the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. Th
30、e rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.（分数：71.00）(1).What is hap
31、pening to the wallet?（分数：14.20）A.It is disappearing. B.It is being fattened.C.It is becoming costly.D.It is changing in style.解析：解析 由题干中的 happening to the wallet 定位到首段第一句。 细节辨认题。第一句开篇点题，指出：钱包正在走向灭绝。因此 A 符合文意。(2).How are business transactions done in big modern stores?（分数：14.20）A.Individually.B.Elect
32、ronically.C.In the abstract. D.Via a cash register.解析：解析 由题干中的 in big modern stores 定位到第一段第六、七句。 细节辨认题。这两句指出在高端的维多利亚贝克汉姆商店里人们不需要在收银台前付款，躺着用电子设备即可付款。而这个例子是对本段第四句和第五句观点的例证。上句指出越高档的商店货币越抽象，因此答案为 C。(3).What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?（分数：14.20）A.Saving money is becoming a thing of the
33、past.B.The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C.Earning money is getting more difficult.D.Spending money is so fast and easy. 解析：解析 由题干中的 makes the author feel uncomfortable 定位到第二段第二至五句。 细节辨认题。第二段介绍作者的看法。现金概念的抽象化使作者感到不安。究其原因是作者认为挣钱不容易，而花钱却在一眨眼的瞬间。D“花钱如此快速轻松”符合文意，故答案为 D。(4).Why does the author c
34、hoose to write about what“s happening to the wallet?（分数：14.20）A.It represents a change in the modern world. B.It has something to do with everybody“s life.C.It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D.It is the concern of contemporary economists.解析：解析 由题干中的 why 和 what“s happening to the wallet 定
35、位到第三段第二句。 细节辨认题。what“s happening to the wallet 指的是钱包正在走向灭绝。第二句提到，钱包的消失给我带来的困扰是关于它所代表的在客观环境中发生的改变。因此 A“它代表现代世界的变化”符合文意，故答案为 A。(5).What can we infer from the passage about the author?（分数：14.20）A.He is resistant to social changes.B.He is against technological progress.C.He feels reluctant to part with
36、the traditional wallet.D.He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world. 解析：解析 由题干中的 infer from the passage 定位到全文。 推理判断题。本题问的是“从文中我们可以推断出作者什么信息?”，通读全文，特别是从第二段第二句以及第三段第二句可知，作者表达了对钱包走向灭绝感到不安、困惑，而钱包灭绝正是代表着社会的变化，因此 D“他在不断变化的现代世界中感到不安”符合文意。insecure 和定位关键句中的 uneasy，bothers是近义词，故答案为 D。四、Passage Two(总题
37、数：1，分数：15.00)Some years ago, two American psychologists named Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson conducted studies to find out why success comes more easily to some people than to others, even when their basic abilities are about the same. Initially they conducted laboratory experiments with rats
38、to find the answer to their question. The first hypothesis (假设) they formed was that the expectations of the experimenters in the laboratory would influence the behavior of their subjects, the rats. The concept behind this hypothesis was that of “the self-fulfilling prophecy (预言).“ That is, if we ar
39、e led to hold certain expectations about ourselves, we will, in fact, fulfill those expectations. What people think of us and expect of us is communicated to us by their words, their attitudes and their behavior. The procedure for the experiment was not complicated. First, a number of Rosenthal and
40、Jacobson“s students were given a group of rats and a maze (迷宫) for the rats to run through. Some of the students were told that their rats were “bright“ and were descended from a group of rats that had done well in running the maze previously. Other students were told that their rats were “duller“ t
41、han the first group. Later, both groups of students filled out questionnaires asking for their opinions of their rats“ personalities and intelligence. The results of the experiment were interesting, and they confirmed the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy. The rats labeled “bright“ did well, wher
42、eas the rats labeled “dull“ did poorly. Students who handled “bright“ rats seemed to expect more from them and accordingly handled them in such a fashion: They spoke gently to them and handled them friendly. On the other hand, the students who worked with the “dull“ rats handled them roughly and spo
43、ke loudly to them. Apparently the students did have certain expectations about their rats because of what they had been told, and they communicated these expectations to the rats; indeed, the rats fulfilled those expectations. Rosenthal and Jacobson finally drew the conclusion that expectations can
44、powerfully influence the behavior of subjects. They later went on to apply this conclusion to other groups of subjects including teachers and students.（分数：15.00）(1).What did Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson want to know by their experiments with rats?（分数：3.00）A.Why some rats appeared to be much
45、quicker to run through a maze.B.Why some rats could run through the maze successfully while others couldn“t.C.Why some people can succeed easily while others come to nothing.D.Why some people succeed more easily than others though they have the same abilities. 解析：解析 第 1 段最后一句说，他们在实验室里利用老鼠做了一些实验来寻找问题
46、的答案。这个问题指的就是上一句中提到的为什么即使基本能力相同的情况下，有些人也会比其他人更容易成功。D 是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。两位心理学家用老鼠做实验并非为了研究老鼠本身，故排除 A 和 B。C 干扰性较强，但是研究有些人比其他人容易成功有一个前提，那就是这些人的基本能力相同，C 忽略了这个前提，故表述错误。(2).How can we explain “self-fulfilling prophecy“?（分数：3.00）A.We can predict what we“ll be in the future.B.We tend to live up to others“ expec
47、tations. C.We can achieve success all by ourselves.D.We are easily affected by some prophecies.解析：解析 第 2 段 2、3 句提到，“自证预言”指的是，如果我们在外界的引导下对自己抱有某种期望，那么事实上我们就会实现这些期望。B 是对原文意思的同义转述，故为答案，第 3 段的实验结果也证实了这一点。其他三项在文中找不到依据。(3).What can we know about the rats Rosenthal and Jacobson used in their experiments?（分数
48、：3.00）A.They were divided into groups according to intelligence levels.B.They had similar intelligence levels. C.They were offspring of some highly intelligent rats.D.They were quite different in terms of personalities.解析：解析 首先我们要知道两位心理学家做实验要解决的问题。第 1 段中明确提到，为什么即使基本能力相同的情况下，有些人也会比其他人更容易成功。所以用于实验的老鼠应
49、该是有相似的智力水平。原文在叙述老鼠“聪明”和“笨一些”时使用引号暗示实际的情况并非如此。故答案为 B。(4).How did the students in the experiment treat the “bright“ rats?（分数：3.00）A.They were gentle and friendly to them. B.They often spoke loudly to them.C.They held no expectation about them.D.They handled them roughly.解析：解析 第 3 段倒数第三句指出，得到“聪明”老鼠的学生对老鼠语气轻柔，态度友善。A 是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。其他几项是另一组学生对待“笨一些”的老鼠的方式，均可排除。(5).The conclusion from the experiment is that _.（分数：3.00）A.bright people succeed more easily
