1、How to Design-In Product Safety Compliance,Identify RequirementsConstruction RequirementsPerformance Testing RequirementsProduction Testing Requirements,Identify Requirements,Identify the nature or scope of your productWhat market will you distribute your product (U.S.A., Canada, Europe, Far East, e
2、tc.)What certification mark will you use for complianceWhat local ordinances and standards are in place (NV Gaming Commission & NFPA 70)Have the compliance specification/standard on file for reference,Construction,Frame & Enclosure- Should have the strength and rigidity to resist the increase of ele
3、ctrical shock, injury to person, or risk of fire under normal applications,Construction,External Material- External material such as steel, wood, aluminum, glass, and composites can be used for the enclosure.- If any of these materials are combustible and have a surface area greater than 10 sq. feet
4、 they are subject to a flame index less than 200 when tested against the following standards,Construction,UL 723 (Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Material)ASTM E162 (Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source),Construction,Enclosure Bottom Openings- A barrier or
5、 pan of noncombustible material must be used to prevent a fire hazard in the event of flaming particles, burning insulation, and molten metal- The barrier would be commonly placed under motors, wires, switches, transformers, etc. that upon failure could pose a fire hazard,Blue = Minimum Barrier Area
6、 Red = Area of the component Yellow = Means of finding minimum area of blue. This is a 5 degree tangent from red area,Construction,Accessibility of Un-insulated live parts, film-coated wire, moving partsIf and opening in an enclosure would allow access to un-insulated live parts, film-coated wire, m
7、oving parts the opening has specific dimensions.If than 1 inch (non-articulate probe),Construction,Construction,Construction,Supply ConnectionsCan be permanent or detachableMust be under 15 feet in lengthMust have strain relief & bushingMust comply to ANSI Plug Types,Construction,Construction,Ground
8、ing & BondingGrounding of all dead metal parts should be available if they can become energized by a single fault conditionUn-insulated metal parts that are likely to become energized and provide a shock hazard in normal operation or service must be bonded for grounding,Construction,A separate bondi
9、ng conductor or strap must be usedBe protected from damage or located within enclosureBe secured by a bolt, clamp, rivet, etc. and be able withstand a temperature of 850 F,Construction,Protection Against Shock, Fire, Personnel Injury- means should be designed into the product to protect individuals-
10、 the degree of protection is based on the nature of the device, for example1. degree of exposure,Construction,2. Sharpness of moving parts3. Risk of unintentional contact with moving parts4. Speed and movement of moving parts5. Risk of fingers, hair, clothing, etc. being drawninto moving parts.,Cons
11、truction,Components- Attachment Plugs & Receptacles (UL 498)- Filters, Electromagnetic Interference (UL 1283)- Motors, Electric (1004)- Printed-Wiring Boards (UL 796),Construction,- Switches, Snaps, General-use (UL 20)- Wires & Cables, Thermal plastic-Insulated (UL 83),Performance Tests,General Powe
12、rDevice should be powered at rated voltage and normal operating HzAn IR test should be conducted at 250 VDC with a resistance 30 kohms,Performance Tests,Starting Current Test- Device should be powered on 3 times sequentially at rated voltage and current without tripping fuse or over-current protecti
13、on devices.- Device should be at room temperature for each test and the motor can come to a complete rest prior to the next test,Performance Test,Leakage Current Test- measurement of leakage current that are present under normal and signal fault conditions on conductive surfaces or ground.,Performan
14、ce Test,Performance Test,Leakage Current Limitsa) .75 mA when ground closed and S1 is closedb) 1.0 mA when ground opened and S1 is closedc) 2.0 mA when ground opened and S1 is opened,Performance Tests,Temperature Tests- when device is tested at maximum load the temperature should not reach a point t
15、o:- cause risk of a fire- damage materials within the device- reach temperature in (table 33.1),Performance Test,Dielectrical Withstand Test- performed on primary and secondary circuits for 1 min. at 40-70 hz at 1 KVAC for no breakdown,Performance,Performance Test,Spill Test- any device with a horiz
16、ontal service able to hold a glass of liquid must be subjected to a spill test- 1 liter of water will be poured onto the enclosure at a rate of 1L/min.- when the test is completed the device will be subjected to the dielectrical withstand test,Performance Test,Physical Stability Test- device should
17、not tip over when it is tilted at a 10 degree angle- a free standing device that is placed on the floor and could be sit on or stood on should not tip over when 180 lbf is placed on the device,Performance Test,Abnormal Test- Under an abnormal test the device should not pose a risk of fire, electrica
18、l shock, or injury to personnel- Unacceptable conditions include 1. flame emitted from enclosure2. single layer of cheesecloth or tissue paper glows3. 3 amp fuse opens,Performance Test,Samples of abnormal tests include; operating device with cooling fans disconnected, overload of power supply, malfu
19、nction of components in primary circuit (ex. Shorts), wrong voltage selectedTest duration is typically conducted for 1 hour,Performance Test,Stain Relief- The power cord should be detached and a 35 lb weight is attached to the cord for 1 min.,Performance Test,Grounding Impedance Test- The ground imp
20、edance path will be subjected to 25 amps for 1 minute with a resistance not to exceed 100 mohms.- The voltage should be 12 volts AC with 60 Hz.- Test points are between input ground and grounded external parts,Performance Test,Performance Test,Impact Test- Three representative samples of the device
21、must withstand an impact test without any signs of cracks or openings after impact- A steel sphere weighing 1.18 lbs will be dropped 51 inches or swung from a pendulum at 51 inches,Manufacturing Test,Production Dielectrical Withstand TestEach appliance will be subjected to the dielectrial withstand
22、test without breakdownAppliance must be fully assembled,Manufacturing Test,Production Grounding-Continuity Test- Every product that will be supplied with a power cord that is grounded will be subjected to a continuity test - the test is between input ground and chassis ground- instrument used could be an ohmmeter, battery/buzzer device, or similar devices,
