1、Basic ConceptsJiwei Ma,Project Management,Basic Concepts,Concept of projectProject as a systemWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)Project Management,What Is A Project?,Organize 2008 Olympic game Develop a software product Write software program Hire an accountant Interview applicants for the accountant po
2、sition Purchase a house Purchase gasoline for your car Organize a conference Set up a weekly meeting,Concept of Project,Main features of a project One-time, non-repetitive One of the kind Constrained by resources and environmental conditions Certain lifecycle,Concept of Project,Project is a one-time
3、 effort with clear objectives for the accomplishment of certain specific product or service,One-time Definite and clear starting/ending point Effort Number of personnel and various resources involved Objective Requirement of certain quality standard with limited time and money Specific Different fro
4、m all previous product or service,Concept of Project,Project objectives Quality The desired function or required standard Cost The monetary resource needed to accomplish the project Time The specified length of the project course,Project Triangle,Scope,Cost,Quality,Time,Relations among Project Objec
5、tives,Reduce time - Improve cost-effectiveness,Reduce time - Increase cost,Higher quality Less time,Less time More quality defects,Improved quality Reduce maintenance cost,Increase investment Improve Quality,Cost,Time,Quality,Objective Triangle,Concept of Project,Project components the essential ele
6、ments of a project which serve the main purpose or carry out the major designed functions of the project Subprojects Functional subsystems Single objects A hierarchical structure - Project structure - can be used as a tool to illustrate project components,Project Components Project Structure,Project
7、,Subproject 1,Subproject 2,Subproject 3,Subproject ,Subsystem 22,Subsystem 21,Subsystem ,Object 221,Object 222,Object 223,Object ,Concept of Project,Project Process the major periods needed to go through to accomplish the project Decision making Design/Planning Execution Operation Closeout A network
8、 diagram or bar chart will be used to illustrate activities as well as their inter-relationship and inter-dependency,Construction Project Phasing,Design Preparation,Design,Construction,Operation,Closeout,Decision Making,Project Proposal,Feasibility Study,Design Specification,Preliminary Design,Desig
9、n Development,Construction Document,Construction,Acceptance,Start up,Network Diagram,Concept of Project,Functional works the major functions needed to be performed to jointly or consecutively accomplish the project, Fund raising Administration/management Planning Procurement Controlling Coordination
10、/collaboration Communication and information management Inspection and acceptance Operation Project closeout,Concept of Project,Project Participants the personnel or the parties who perform various functional works, Investor Developer Planner Purchasing personnel Controller Inspector Operation perso
11、nnel A chart called project organization structure is often used to illustrate project participants and their inter-relationship within a project system,Project Owner,Construction Project Participants,Project As a System,System definition Any group of entities which are functionally interdependent c
12、an be called a system Any group of entities which are interrelated so as to perform some function, or reach some goal, can be seen to be acting as a system Focus of system theory Sub-system Interrelated in the pursuit of goals or objectives Primary task of the system The things the organization must
13、 to do to survive,Project As a System,Important Concepts Large system comprise smaller sub-systems which share the goals or primary task of larger system Sub-systems are independently work together towards the common goal Sub-systems form a hierarchy of systems System interacts with its environment,
14、 and affected by environmental constraints or influences The environment is not part of the system it does not share the goals of the system,Project As a System,Important Concepts The system receives inputs from and exports outputs to the environment through sort of internal conversion process A per
15、meable boundary exists between the system and its environment “Boundary Management” is a key system concept Part of the outputs is fed back to become an input and thus to establish a cycle of events which enable the system to monitor it own behavior,Construction System Model,Construction Production
16、Management,Project As A System,Objectives,Altogether form the essential part of a project system,Any two or three of them will jointly describe certain aspect of a project,Components,Process,Functions,Participants,Project As A System,Objectives + Components Describe the project objective system, whi
17、ch includes the cost, time and quality objective of every single object in the project Project objective can be break down based on the structure of project component,Project As A System,Objectives + Process Describe the project objective milestones, which includes the cost, time and quality objecti
18、ve of every major phase Project objective can be strictly controlled according to those periodical objectives,Project As A System,Objectives + Participants Describe the objectives of all participants from their own standing point Objectives are planned, monitored and controlled according to particip
19、ants own interest,Project As A System,Components + Participants Describe the assigned tasks of all participants Project tasks can be divided, viewed, and evaluated accordingly Components + Process ,Project As A System,Components + Functional works Describe all the tasks and activities need to be car
20、ried out to accomplish the project Can be used as tool for work breakdown,Work Breakdown Structure,A complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activities in a hierarchical structure, known as WBS It defines tasks that can be completed independently of other
21、tasks, facilitating Resource allocation Assignment of responsibilities Measurement and control of the project,Work Breakdown Structure,Higher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally performed by groups The lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individuals I
22、t is the key to Scope management Team assignment Accurate tracking Effective control,Work Breakdown Structure,Work breakdown structure can be done like this: The project manager lists everything should be done in the project Then the stakeholders put up their “to do” list with requirements Then the
23、project will have unneeded tasks, and scope will continually expand Then the project will run over time, over budget, and even with dissatisfied quality,x,Work Breakdown Structure,Work breakdown structure can be done like this: First break down into components Then break down into process Then The l
24、owest level should not be too detailed, Result in micro-management The tasks should not be too large Result in inefficient Management,Clear Objectives,Limited resources,High complexity,+,+,Panic !,Project Management !,What is Management?,Problem,Planning,Decision,Execution,Check,- Various alternativ
25、e solutions - Evaluation of those alternatives,- Selection of one solution,- Implementation of the solution,- Accomplished? - Any problem remained?,New Problem,Project Management,Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort by all participants through the whole course of a project
26、to accomplish the project on time, within cost and to required quality standard through project planning and project controlling.,PM = PP + PC,Plan Actual,Mission of Project Management,To control the changing process in a dynamic environment,To pursue harmony in chaotic reality,Project Management,Ke
27、y issues of project management Cost control Time control Quality control Coordination Information management Contract administration Safety management,Project Management Tasks,Project Management Tools,Project structure Project organization chart Contract structure Work breakdown structure Contract w
28、ork breakdown structure Cost breakdown chart,Information system chart Information flow diagram Task arrangement table Management responsibility table Workflow diagram ,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by PMI (Project Management Institute): Integrated Management Scope Manageme
29、nt Time Management Cost Management Quality Management Human Resource Management Communication Management Risk Management Procurement Management,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute): Front-End Planning Design Procurement Construction Startu
30、p and Operation People Organization,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute): Project Processes Project Controls Contracts Safety, Health and Environment Information Management and Technology System Globalization Issues Security,Project Management Is,not,Art,not,Knowledge,Practice !,Thank You,Jiwei M,
