1、Between Public and Private Mobility: The Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services,TRB Special Report 319,Genesis of Report,Rapid rise of smartphone-based innovative mobility services New apps and services being introduced on a seemingly accelerating basis Regular reports of jaw-dropping in
2、creases in market valuation of Lyft and, especially, Uber Potentially big changes for auto-mobility All of these rapidly expanding services are raising vexing questions for regulators Across industries and jurisdictions Equity questions,Statement of Task,Examine the growth and diversification of tec
3、hnology-enabled mobility services Explore the implications these services have for consumers and existing transportation services Identify policy, regulatory, and other issues and opportunities to plan for and regulate these services Including the existing regulatory structure for taxi, limousine, a
4、nd transit services Identify priority areas of research to inform public policy decisionsThis study was self-initiated and was funded entirely by TRB.,More than taxis and TNCs,Tech-enabled mobility options purchased trip by trip Shared mobility mostly sequentially, sometimes concurrent sharing Carsh
5、are Bikeshare Microtransit E-hail apps Largely private sector initiated Most attention to taxis and TNCs because of the current policy debates,Committee Overview,Committee formed, vetted, and began work in June 2014 Committee members have expertise in: Urban planning and transportation policy Transi
6、t and shared use services Regulatory and economic analysis Transportation operations and technologies Taxi operations and regulations Most (9 of 12) members university researchers Held 4 two-day meetings in 2014 and 2015 to gather information and draft the report,Committee Members,Brian Taylor, UCLA
7、 (chair) Ryan Chin, MIT Melanie Crotty, San Francisco Bay Area MTC Jennifer Dill, Portland State University Lester Hoel, University of Virginia Michael Manville, Cornell UniversitySteve Polzin, University of South Florida Bruce Schaller, Consultant Susan Shaheen, UC Berkeley Daniel Sperling, UC Davi
8、s Marzia Zafar, California Public Utilities Commission Susan Zielinski, University of Michigan,Information Gathering,Committee members heard from: Representatives of the taxi industry Uber and Lyft Carsharing operators Insurance providers and regulators City council members Developers of other innov
9、ative services Transit representatives USDOT researchers,Where is this all headed?,Two views:This is the tip of the iceberg Real-time decision-making about trips, options, time, and costs at the margin is revolutionizing travel Consumers will increasingly buy trips and not vehicles The sky is the li
10、mit Big changes, but for a niche market The changes are significant, but mostly at the margin Issues are confined mostly to existing taxi/paratransit markets, and their variantsMore from Michael Manville and Susan Shaheen on this later,Taxi/Limo Regulations,Regulations local, county, and state Signi
11、ficant variations in regulation between state and local agencies Street hail and taxi stand markets need more extensive regulations Scale of taxi companies is very small compared to size of largest TNCsMore from Bruce Schaller on this later,Security and Public Safety,New services provide more inform
12、ation for both passengers and drivers This can increase safety for both drivers and passengers The effectiveness of various approaches to driver vetting has been curiously understudied Determining the most cost-effective approaches to driver vetting requires more study Consistency across services is
13、 desirable,Labor Issues,Number of drivers is growing rapidly Growth in part-time drivers in new services Income and benefits can vary greatly Limited employment security and benefits is common across the industries Independent contractors vs. employees These labor issues transcend shared mobility se
14、rvices,Equity and Access,More on this from Susan Shaheen later,Insurance,Taxis typically have full-time commercial coverage TNC coverage generally varies by stage of the ride Carsharing insurance varies by jurisdiction and company Insurance products available tend to lag the evolution of mobility se
15、rvices but starting to catch up,Committee member presentations,Michael Manville Economics of new, shared mobility servicesBruce Schaller Implications for taxis (& everyone else)Susan Shaheen Consequences for travel behavior,End of Part I,Committee Recommendations,Recommendation 1,Public policies and
16、 regulations should be designed to steer the development of innovative services to improve mobility, safety, and sustainability,Recommendation 1a,Reassessment of regulations for all for-hire vehicle services is likely needed market entry geographic coverage span of service,Recommendation 1b,Public s
17、afety requirements should be consistent across each type of service (street hail/taxi stand, dispatch) and be gauged to risks,Recommendation 1c,Policy makers and regulators should consider whether TNC and taxi services may be better regulated at the state, regional, or local level, while ensuring co
18、nsistency and effective enforcement,Recommendation 1d,Systematic evaluations of safety requirements are needed,Recommendation 1e,Accessibility of services to all travelers should be a priority,Recommendation 2,Basic service information for effective planning and regulation should be required of all
19、mobility services,Recommendation 3,Employment classifications need to be carefully assessed,Recommendation 4,TNCs and other innovative services should be integrated with existing transportation systems and planning,For additional information,Katherine Kortum Brian D. Taylor Study Director Committee Chair kkortumnas.edu btaylorg.ucla.edu 202-334-3123Transportation Research Board 500 5th Street NW Washington, DC 20001 www.trb.org,
