北京第二外国语语言学考研真题

1、ps between the noun phrases at the beginning of the sentences and the verbs? Could you classify the sentences into different groups and suggest strategies for interpreting each group?(1)钱你先垫着。
(2)这件事你可以写一部小说。
(3)报纸我包书。
(4)小王我已经告诉他了。
(5)我结婚的都送这个。
(6)动物园跑了一只熊。
(7)谁都了解这个情况。
(8)哪个地方都买不到适合我穿的衣服。
（分数：40.00）_2.What is your understanding of linguistic competence and communicative competence? Do you agree with drawing a dist。

2、(2).minimal pair（分数：4.00）_(3).distinctive feature（分数：4.00）_(4).linguistic variable（分数：4.00）_(5).lingua franca（分数：4.00）_Answer。

3、hat assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?（分数：25.00）_2.Explain this statement and give at least two examples of it: “In studying other cultures, we do so from the perspective of our own culture./（分数：25.00）_（分数：40.00）(1).Give an account of what you know about the En。

4、d why?ii. Please explain what your understanding of politeness is in the Chinese culture. 1a)You could be more careful. 1b)You werent careful enough. 2a)Her performance was so good as it might have been. 2b)Her performance was quite poor. 3a)Ive tasted better apricots than these. 3b)These apricots taste awful.（分数：40.00）_2.One of the difficulties that middle school English teachers in China come acr。

5、phoneme（分数：5.00）_(3).prefix（分数：5.00）_(4).part of speech（分数：5.00）_(5).back-formation（分数：5.00）_(6).polysemy（分数：5.00）_。

6、to G. Leech,_meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. 3 Terms like “apple“, “banana“ and “pear“ are_of the term “fruit“. 4 Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as_. 5 The soundpcan be described with “_, bilabial, stop“. 6 Semantics and_investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. 7 _i。

7、is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.4 _, the technical name for inclusiveness sense relation, is a matter of class membership.5 _is the ordinary act we perform when we speak, i. e. we move our vocal organs and produce a number of sounds, organized in a certain way and with a certain meaning.二、判断题6 As an interdisciplinary study of language and ps。

8、ither real or unreal. This quality is called_.2 _refers to a sound produced with the obstruction of the air stream caused by two lips, such as in the production ofp.3 In Chomskys view, language is a kind of innate endowment with which children are born. This endowment is called _.4 In the word “suitable“ , -able is a_morpheme rather than an inflectional one.5 _refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.二、判断题6 。

9、ity is labeled as_. 2 The soundpcan be described with“_, bilabial, stop“. 3 The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are_. 4 Both semantics and_investigate linguistic meaning, but they focus on different aspects. 5 If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is_linguistics. 二、判断题 6 The spe。

10、the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. 3 The brance of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called_. 4 An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is_. 5 When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas。

11、2 _ linguistics attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used while_linguistics aims to discover and record what language is like and how it is used.3 _ refers to a sound made with the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production oft.4 _refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.5 The disjunction in logic corresponds to th。

12、(2).inflection（分数：5.00）_(3).mood（分数：5.00）_(4).modality（分数：5.00）_(5).interlanguage（分数：5.00）_(6).language transfer（分数：5.00）_。

13、he two sounds are two different_ and the two words are a_pair.3 The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called4 When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is_function.二、判断题5 The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are always allophones of the same phoneme.（A）True（B） False6 The soundsis shared by “use“ and “maps“ as a common morphe。

14、xchanging information or ideas.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2. 1 linguistics attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used while 2linguistics aims to discover and record what language is like and how it is used.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_3. 1 refers to a sound made with the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production oft.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4. 1refe。

15、ent, in the past or in the future; either real or unreal. This quality is called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2. 1refers to a sound produced with the obstruction of the air stream caused by two lips, such as in the production ofp.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.In Chomsky“s view, language is a kind of innate endowment with which children are born. This endowment is called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.In the word “suitable“ , -able is a 1morpheme rather than an inflectional one。

16、 two words cut and gut differ only in their initial sounds and the two sounds are two different 1 and the two words are a 2pair.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_3.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is 1function.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：。

17、ounddcan be described with“ 1, alveolar stop/plosive“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3. 1is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4. 1, the technical name for inclusiveness sense relation, is a matter of class membership.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5. 1is the ordinary act we perform when we speak, i. e. we move our vocal or。

18、n. This quality is labeled as（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.The sound p can be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.Both semantics and 1 investigate linguistic meaning, but they focus on different aspects.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules。

19、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.According to G. Leech, _ meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.Terms like “apple“, “banana“ and “pear“ are _ of the term “fruit“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_。

20、00）填空项 1:_2.The 1 is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.The brance of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_。