1、2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1._units are meaningless and_units have distinct and identifiable meaning.（分数：2.00）A.Primary/SecondaryB.First/SecondaryC.Minimal/SecondaryD.Secondary/Primary2.Idioms are products of_of language.（分数：2.00）A.conventionalityB.ar
2、bitrarinessC.creativityD.duality3.Which of the following words is not an open-class word?（分数：2.00）A.suspiciousB.categoryC.prescribeD.although4.“The man standing in the hallway looked depressed“ is a(an)_ construction.（分数：2.00）A.endocentricB.exocentricC.coordinativeD.subordinate5.In the word “unavail
3、ability“ , _ is the root.（分数：2.00）A.unB.availableC.availD.ability6.“Maple“, “willow“, “polar“ and “pine“ are_of “tree“.（分数：2.00）A.super-ordinatesB.co-hyponymsC.relational hyponymsD.gradable opposites7.In Austin“s term, the verb “appreciate“ in the sentence “I really appreciate what you have done for
4、 me“ is a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.active verbB.predicative verbC.constative verbD.performative verb8.The difference between “I have a pair of blue pants“ and “I have a pair of blue trousers“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.dialecticalB.stylisticC.emotiveD.connotative9.The word “digitalization“ consists of_syllables as again
5、st morphemes.（分数：2.00）A.five/threeB.six/threeC.six/fourD.five/five10.The borrowing of some features from a basic level category and applying of them to the super-ordinate level is called_.（分数：2.00）A.composite categorizationB.interactive categorizationC.characteristic categorizationD.parasitical cate
6、gorization11.According to Lakoff and Johnson, “ His greediness began to balloon quickly“ represents a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.structural metaphorB.ontological metaphorC.orientational metaphorD.conceptual metaphor12.The study of how language relates to culture is more likely to fall under the sphere of_.（分数：
7、2.00）A.sociolinguisticsB.anthropological linguisticsC.comparative linguisticsD.historical linguistics13.In terms of the place of articulation, the following soundstnzshare the feature of_.（分数：2.00）A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.velar14.Of the two kinds of minimization as categorized by Levinson, the
8、 one that has nothing to do with I-p is_.（分数：2.00）A.semantic minimizationB.information minimizationC.expression minimizationD.pragmatic minimization15.Which maxim is flouted in the sentence “Ronald is either a movie star, or a politician or both“?（分数：2.00）A.maxim of mannerB.maxim of qualityC.maxim o
9、f quantityD.maxim of relevance16.Which of the following can best describe the relationship between “They have six cows“ and “They have some animals“?（分数：2.00）A.presuppositionB.synonymC.antonymD.entailment17.Traditional grammar and structural grammar differ in that_ is descriptive and empirical.（分数：2
10、.00）A.traditional grammarB.structural grammarC.functional grammarD.universal grammar18.In which of the following aspects conversational implicature theory and speech act theory are different?（分数：2.00）A.How contextual meaning is generated.B.How much the implied meaning is dependent on the context.C.H
11、ow much role the conventional meaning of words plays.D.How indeterminate the implied meaning is.19.The argument that similarity and frequency both play important roles in processing and understanding language is supported by_.（分数：2.00）A.generative grammariansB.historical linguistsC.connectionists in
12、 psycholinguisticsD.American functionalists20.Linguists are interested in particular instances of language use only when the instances exemplify_.（分数：2.00）A.the language systemB.the perception of realityC.aesthetic experienceD.the meanings codes convey二、填空题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)21. 1 deals with the combi
13、nation of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Human language is 1. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.Human s
14、peech developed from primitive man giving vocal expression to the objects he encountered. This is known as “ 1Theory“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24. 1is a property of language enabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.Language is used to create certain feelings i
15、n the hearers. This is called 1function.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26. 1relation means the vertical relationship between forms, which might occupy the same particular place in a structure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27. 1is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.The m
16、ost important ways of word formation are , derivation and conversion.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. This kind of words are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.One type of descriptive approach is called 1
17、analysis. Its main objective is to study the distribution of linguistic forms in a language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31. 1linguistics is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32. 1 is the result of embodied sensorimot
18、or and cognitive structures that generate meaning in and through our ongoing interaction with our changing environments.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.The prototype can be understood as a schematic 1of the conceptual core of a category.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.A 1 is a typical instance of a category, and other elemen
19、ts are assimilated to the category on the basis of their perceived resemblance to the prototype.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35. 1 is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36.G. Leech recognizes seven ty
20、pes of meaning and says the 1 meaning makes up the central part.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37. 1is the technical name for the oppositeness relation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.“Utterance“ may be defined as a piece of actually used language. In this sense we can divide the study of meaning into two types. One is concern
21、ed with the meaning of words and sentences, as abstract units of the language system; and the other is concerned with the meaning of 1, as units of language in use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.To specify the COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE, Grice introduced four categories of maxims as follows; Quantity, Quality, Relat
22、ion and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40.As metaphor means the transport of ideas in Greek, 1means a change of name.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、简答题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.One of the design features of language is displacement. What does it mean?（分数：2.00）_42.Please distinguish inflectional affix and derivational affix briefly.
23、（分数：2.00）_43.One of the word formation processes is called blending. What does it mean?（分数：2.00）_44.What is exocentric construction? Give an example.（分数：2.00）_45.One of the maxims of Cooperative Principle is the maxim of manner. Please explain it in brief.（分数：2.00）_四、写作题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)46.Essay Quest
24、ion.(10 points)Compare and discuss the main characteristics of subjects in English and Chinese.（分数：2.00）_2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1._units are meaningless and_units have distinct and identifiable meaning.（分数：2.00）A.Primary/SecondaryB.First/SecondaryC
25、.Minimal/SecondaryD.Secondary/Primary 解析：解析：考查对语言的双重性特征的理解。底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。底层结构由一些本身没有意义的语音组成，但是它们可以各自组合成有意义的单位，从而形成具有独特、确定意义的上层单位。2.Idioms are products of_of language.（分数：2.00）A.conventionality B.arbitrarinessC.creativityD.duality解析：解析：考查习语与语言的规约性。习语是相沿已久、约定俗成、具有完整和独特意义的词语。3.Which of the
26、 following words is not an open-class word?（分数：2.00）A.suspiciousB.categoryC.prescribeD.although 解析：解析：考查开放词类的定义。开放类词指那些数目不确定、无限的词，其数目会随着社会发展不断地增加。名词、动词、形容词和副词均属于开放类词。4.“The man standing in the hallway looked depressed“ is a(an)_ construction.（分数：2.00）A.endocentricB.exocentric C.coordinativeD.subordi
27、nate解析：解析：考查向心结构和离心结构。向心结构是指该结构的分布在功能上等同于其中一个充当中心词或中心的成分的结构。离心结构是指该结构的分布在功能上不等同于它的任何一个成分，没有明显的中心词或中心结构。5.In the word “unavailability“ , _ is the root.（分数：2.00）A.unB.availableC.avail D.ability解析：解析：考查词根的定义。词根指去掉所有词缀后剩下来的部分。每个词都包含一个词根语素，它可以是自由语素或粘着语素。6.“Maple“, “willow“, “polar“ and “pine“ are_of “tre
28、e“.（分数：2.00）A.super-ordinatesB.co-hyponyms C.relational hyponymsD.gradable opposites解析：解析：考查上下义关系。上下义关系是一种类和成员间的关系。位于这种意义关系上位的词语叫上坐标词，居于下位的叫做下义词，同类中的成员叫做同下义词。7.In Austin“s term, the verb “appreciate“ in the sentence “I really appreciate what you have done for me“ is a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.active verbB.pr
29、edicative verbC.constative verbD.performative verb 解析：解析：考查施为动词的概念。有些动词不描写事物，没有真假，说出这样的词就是，至少部分是，实施一种行为，我们称其为施为动词。8.The difference between “I have a pair of blue pants“ and “I have a pair of blue trousers“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.dialectical B.stylisticC.emotiveD.connotative解析：解析：考查方言的概念。在方言中，地域方言是语言因地域方面的差别
30、而形成的变体。本题中pants 意为“长裤”时多用于美式英语中，英式英语中同样的意思要用 trousers 表示，二者在此句中意义相同，但使用的地域不同。9.The word “digitalization“ consists of_syllables as against morphemes.（分数：2.00）A.five/threeB.six/three C.six/fourD.five/five解析：解析：考查音节和语素的概念。语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不被破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义。音节则是听觉能感受到的最自然的语音单位，由一个或几个音素按一定规律组合而成
31、，一个元音音素可构成一个音节，一个元音音素和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。10.The borrowing of some features from a basic level category and applying of them to the super-ordinate level is called_.（分数：2.00）A.composite categorizationB.interactive categorizationC.characteristic categorizationD.parasitical categorization 解析：解析：考查寄生性范
32、畴的定义。寄生性范畴基本的理念是借用基本层次范畴的一些特征并将其应用到上位范畴中去。11.According to Lakoff and Johnson, “ His greediness began to balloon quickly“ represents a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.structural metaphorB.ontological metaphor C.orientational metaphorD.conceptual metaphor解析：解析：考查实体隐喻的概念。实体隐喻是指人类以生理实体的经验为基础，把事件、行为、情感、思想等抽象概念视为实体的修辞方法。
33、12.The study of how language relates to culture is more likely to fall under the sphere of_.（分数：2.00）A.sociolinguisticsB.anthropological linguistics C.comparative linguisticsD.historical linguistics解析：解析：考查人类语言学的定义。人类语言学用人类学的理论和方法研究人类语言的变化和语言在人类文化模式和信仰中的运用。13.In terms of the place of articulation, t
34、he following soundstnzshare the feature of_.（分数：2.00）A.palatalB.alveolar C.bilabialD.velar解析：解析：考查辅音的分类。根据发音部位，辅音可以分为双唇音、唇齿音、齿音、齿龈音、齿龈后音、卷舌音、硬腭音、软腭音、小舌音、咽音和声门音。英语中t，n，z，是齿龈音。14.Of the two kinds of minimization as categorized by Levinson, the one that has nothing to do with I-p is_.（分数：2.00）A.semanti
35、c minimizationB.information minimizationC.expression minimization D.pragmatic minimization解析：解析：考查语义最小化、表达式最小化与 Levinson 提出的信息原则之间的关系。Levinson 区分了两种最小化：语义最小化和表达式最小化，他认为语义最小化与信息原则有关，而表达式最小化则属于方式原则的范围。15.Which maxim is flouted in the sentence “Ronald is either a movie star, or a politician or both“?（分
36、数：2.00）A.maxim of manner B.maxim of qualityC.maxim of quantityD.maxim of relevance解析：解析：考查合作原则中的方式准则。方式准则要求说话者的言语要符合以下要求：说话要清楚明白，避免晦涩、歧义，做到简练、有序。16.Which of the following can best describe the relationship between “They have six cows“ and “They have some animals“?（分数：2.00）A.presuppositionB.synonymC.
37、antonymD.entailment 解析：解析：考查句子之间的语义关系。蕴含是指命题之间的意义关系，一个命题意义包含在另一个命题意义当中。存在蕴含关系的两个句子具有下列真值关系：当 A 为真时，B 也一定为真；当 B 为假时，A 为假；当 A 为假时，B 或真或假；当 B 为假时，A 或真或假。17.Traditional grammar and structural grammar differ in that_ is descriptive and empirical.（分数：2.00）A.traditional grammarB.structural grammar C.functi
38、onal grammarD.universal grammar解析：解析：考查传统语法和结构主义语法的区别。相比传统语法，结构主义语法知识对语言中发现的一切进行描写；其次，结构主义语法非常注重以经验为根据以及在观察中的客观性。18.In which of the following aspects conversational implicature theory and speech act theory are different?（分数：2.00）A.How contextual meaning is generated. B.How much the implied meaning i
39、s dependent on the context.C.How much role the conventional meaning of words plays.D.How indeterminate the implied meaning is.解析：解析：考查会话含义理论和言语行为理论的区别。这两种理论的区别在于：关于语境意义的产生，它们分别用不同方法进行了解释。19.The argument that similarity and frequency both play important roles in processing and understanding language
40、is supported by_.（分数：2.00）A.generative grammariansB.historical linguistsC.connectionists in psycholinguistics D.American functionalists解析：解析：考查连接理论以及其中的相似和频率理论。连接论者认为相似性和频率效应在人们处理和理解语言方面起着重要作用。20.Linguists are interested in particular instances of language use only when the instances exemplify_.（分数：
41、2.00）A.the language system B.the perception of realityC.aesthetic experienceD.the meanings codes convey解析：解析：考查语言学的研究内容。只有当语言中的特例能反映某个语言系统时，语言学家们才会对这些特例产生兴趣。二、填空题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)21. 1 deals with the combination of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction
42、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Syntax）解析：解析：(考查句法学的概念)句法学研究的是语言中词组组合成句子的支配规则，或日研究句子的构造。22.Human language is 1. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：arbitrary）解析：解析：(考查语言的任意性
43、特征)这是语言的核心特征，指符号的声音与其意义之间没有逻辑关系。23.Human speech developed from primitive man giving vocal expression to the objects he encountered. This is known as “ 1Theory“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：The Natural Response）解析：解析：(考查语言先天反射理论)这种理论认为语言起源于人类在面对环境中所遇到的事物时发出的声音。24. 1is a property of language enabling p
44、eople to talk about things remote either in space or in time.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Displacement）解析：解析：(考查语言的移位性特征)移位性指人类语言可以让使用者来表示在说话当时当地并不存在的物体、事件和观点。25.Language is used to create certain feelings in the hearers. This is called 1function.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：emotive）解析：解析：(考查语言的感情功能)感
45、情功能用以在听者心中引起某种感情或改变听者的感情。26. 1relation means the vertical relationship between forms, which might occupy the same particular place in a structure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Paradigmatic）解析：解析：(考查聚合关系的定义)聚合关系是指在一个结构中某一个特定位置上可以互相替换的各要素之间的关系。聚合关系又叫做垂直关系或选择关系。27. 1is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Phonology）解析：解析：(考查音系学的概念)音系学是对各种语言的语音模式和语音系统的研究，其目的是发现语言中支配语音组合方式的规律并解释语音中出现的变化。28.The most important ways of word formation are , derivation and conversion.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：compounding）解析：解析：(考查词的形成)关于
