1、考研数学一-高等数学多元函数积分学(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Starting with his review of Skinners Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languag
2、es. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between
3、words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.T
4、his view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles
5、“intrinsic (原有的) to the mind“ that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.Basic to this model of language is the notion that a childs learning of language is a kind of theory
6、(14) . Its thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broa
7、d (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.（分数：10.00）(1).A special B specific C definite D explicit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A region B di
8、strict C vicinity D community（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A attacks B assaults C charges D accuses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A transformational B institutional C systematic D constitutional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A originate B initiate C launch D generate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Yet B Even C Still D Likewise（分数：0.50）A
9、.B.C.D.(7).A consistence B conformity C correspondence D agreement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A symbolize B embody C depict D represent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A combined B integrated C blended D mixed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A meets B presents C offers D makes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A underlining B highlighting C
10、marking D underlying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A deals B covers C involves D engages（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A tunes into B sheds light on C leaves behind D sets forth（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A fabrication B erection C creation D construction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A with B under C by D without（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(
11、16).A irrespective B independent C regardless D implausible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A intellectual B intelligent C intelligible D intellect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Nevertheless B Furthermore C Though D Accordingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A instinctive B addictive C tentative D predictive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2
12、0).A had B should C were D be（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modem society. More and more people are paying special attention to it. When it comes to the reas
13、ons, here are two of them. Modem youth are more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and beliefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They
14、 are reluctant to listen to the advice from elder generation. If they behave in the way, as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it. Studies also show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Ch
15、ildren in single-parent families are taken less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society. There are several ways to prevent the youth from committing crimes. School education plays an i
16、mportant role to teach traditional beliefs. Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Also, mutual understanding between parents and children is also very important. P
17、arental supervision and guidance are a key factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family education. And others are starting to pay attention to another p
18、roblem in modern society that may underline all sorts of crimes, including juvenile delinquency, though it is believed that the development of information technology has made the world smaller. Modern people have greater tensions so that they have less time to communicate with each other. More and m
19、ore people are living in urban areas, where life is in a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, which is the most important reason of all, city dwellers have to be working hard in order to keep up with the steps of city life. Everybody is busy all the time. Work pressures deprive them of a casual
20、way of life. Moreover, living in apartments in different blocks, people are isolated from each other. It is not convenient for them to meet each other freely.（分数：10.00）(1).The expression “ juvenile delinquency “ (Line 1, Para. 1)most probably means_. A young couple who get divorcedB crimes committed
21、 by young peopleC people getting married at a young ageD lack of education opportunities for young people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What are the reasons for juvenile delinquency presented in paragraph 2 ？A The negative influence of mass media and single parent family. B Young peoples tendency to be rebell
22、ious and high divorce rates. C The influence of mass media and young peoples tendency to be rebellious. D High divorce rate and single-parent family.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following is NOT a correct statement about the modern youth?A They want to get rid of the traditional principles.
23、 B They dont want to listen to their elder generation. C They often commit crimes without realizing it. D They want to depend on themselves more than their parents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The most important part for young peoples self-discipline and self-improvement is_. A mutual understanding between
24、parents and childrenB overseeing and direction from parentsC parents and children spending as much time as possible togetherD more educational books and TV programs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the “ another problem “ mentioned in paragraph 4?A A lot of problems have been caused by information techno
25、logy. B Modern people are feeling isolated from each other. C Competition is much more severe than ever before. D Modern society hosts all sorts of crimes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A deal is a dealexcept, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in Ne
26、w England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the states strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules
27、 in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state ap
28、proval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really
29、 intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys
30、managementespecially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that o
31、nly the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far tho
32、se powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged tha
33、t it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has appl
34、ied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “reneging on“(kine 3. para.1) is closest in meaning toA condemning. B
35、 reaffirming.C dishonoring. D securing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended toA obtain protection from Vermont regulators.B seek favor from the federal legislature.C acquire an extension of its business license.D get permission to purchase a power plant.（分数：2.00
36、）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with itsA managerial practices. B technical innovativeness.C financial goals. D business vision（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors view, the Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises.B the nature of sta
37、tes patchwork regulations.C the federal authority over nuclear issues.D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA Entergys business elsewhere might be affected.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.C Entergy will withdraw
38、 its Plymouth application.D Vermonts reputation might be damaged.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Judge Kleinberg got it right when he made it clear that there werent separate rules for bloggers and journalists.Thats not to say bloggers are or arent journalistsjust that there shouldnt be a d
39、istinction. In other words, the same rules apply to everyone. Butand heres the tricky partalthough the rules apply to people equally, we can, do, and should apply them differently to different acts. Asking whether bloggers are journalists is meaningless. Whats important isnt the person but the produ
40、ct. If a snoopy 12-year-old girl find evidence that her towns mayor is taking bribes, then collects it, verifies it, and publishes it on her blog, thats journalism. If Waiter Cronkite writes in his diary that he planted daisies and washed the dishes that afternoon, thats not. Its whats done, not who
41、s doing it.This isnt something that always needed to be pointed out. In the old days, you could draw a line between journalists and everyone else, just as you could draw a line between any other profession. What you did is what you were: reporter, barber, grocer, tailor, whatever. Journalists were u
42、sually hired by newspapers, magazines and radio stations. And they followed certain rules, respecting off-the-record comments, being accurate and not misquoting.Today, the Web is an essentially way to get news, and, while journalism is pretty much the same, the term “journalist“ is getting a bit clo
43、udy. Thats why the question of whether bloggers are journalists keeps coming up. When anyone can publish, anyone can be a journalist. So the questions the courts need to answer is not, “Who is a journalist?“ but rather, “Who is doing journalism?“ That 12-year-old girl was doing it, even if she isnt
44、in high school yeteven if she wasnt a journalist.Not being a journalist doesnt necessarily reduce the quality of the work, nor should it reduce the protections it receives. So when a question of journalists rights comes up, we need to ask two questions. First, “What protections should journalism rec
45、eive under the First Amendment?“ And second, “Was the person in question performing an act of journalism?“ If she isif the work she was doing involves gathering and publishing information of legitimate public interestthen her profession doesnt matter. The idea that the line between amateurs and prof
46、essionals is blurring is something we need to get used to. The Web gives the little guy the same publishing tools as the big guy. Video-editing software is inexpensive enough that the quality of amateurs equals that of many pros. But while our technology is removing age-old distinctions, our percept
47、ions and our laws havent quite embraced the new reality. Its time to shift our thinking.（分数：10.00）(1).When the author says “Whats important isnt the person but the product“ (in the second paragraph), he meansA rules should not be set to regulate peoples behaviour.B what is published determines wheth
48、er the writer is a journalist.C the quality of news stories determines the quality of a journalist.D a blogger is a better journalist if he can produce newsworthy stories.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that traditional journalists differ from online “journalists“ in that, in the former case,A what they did determines their occupations.B they had to collect and publish secret stories.C they could not publish anywhere other than in the media.D they had to respect other comments than their own.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).People continue debating the status of the blog
