1、考研英语-826 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A few years ago, Facebook was forced to retreat from a new service called Beacon. It tracked what the so
2、cial networks users were doing elsewhere on the webwhich caused a huge (1) because of the loss of personal privacy. (2) , Facebook promised to make (3) efforts to better protect peoples information.But (4) the firm has not been trying very hard. On November 29th Americas Federal Trade Commission (FT
3、C) (5) the results of an investigation it had conducted of Facebook. They showed that the worlds biggest social network, which now (6) more than 800m users, has been making information public that it had (7) to keep private.The FTCs findings come at a(n) (8) time for Facebook, which is preparing for
4、 an initial public offering (IPO) that is almost (9) to take place next year. Some recent reports have (10) that the firm may seek a listing as early as next spring, and that it will try to (11) a whopping $10 billion in an IPO that would (12) it at $100 billion. To (13) the way for an offering, Fac
5、ebook (14) needs to resolve some of the regulatory tussles over privacy that it has become embroiled in.(15) the FTCs announcement, which came as part of a settlement struck between the commission and Facebook. The FTCs investigation (16) a litany of instances in which the social network had (17) it
6、s users. In what is perhaps the most damning of the findings, the agency documents that Facebook has been (18) peoples personal information with advertisersa practice its senior executives have (19) sworn it does not indulge in. The FTC also says that the firm failed to make photos and videos on dea
7、ctivated and deleted user accounts (20) after promising to do so. (295 words)（分数：10.00）A.panicB.fussC.indifferenceD.mirthA.At the meantimeB.At timesC.At a timeD.At the timeA.strenuousB.intensiveC.legitimateD.minuteA.turbulentlyB.exclusivelyC.apparentlyD.unfortunatelyA.manifestedB.clarifiedC.released
8、D.renouncedA.boastsB.claimsC.manipulatesD.exaggeratesA.confirmedB.deniedC.appealedD.pledgedA.sensitiveB.essentialC.beneficialD.confidentialA.certainB.dueC.inclinedD.reluctantA.conjuredB.prospectedC.speculatedD.approvedA.raiseB.increaseC.collectD.boomA.consumeB.evaluateC.apportionD.valueA.leadB.setC.
9、clearD.cutA.badlyB.consequentlyC.evidentlyD.absolutelyA.In a wordB.All in allC.After allD.HenceA.predictedB.apprehendedC.reproachedD.highlightedA.suspectedB.deceivedC.inducedD.recompensedA.sharingB.inflamingC.furnishingD.purchasingA.reluctantlyB.readilyC.repeatedlyD.intermittentlyA.inaccessibleB.acc
10、essibleC.unsustainableD.indispensable二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its not that we thought things were fine. Its just that this year there were no fixes to the messes we madeno underwater oil-well caps, no AIG bailouts, no reuniting the island cast
11、aways in a church and sending them to heaven. We had to idly watch things completely fall apart, making us feel so pathetic that planking seemed like a cool thing to do. This was the year of the meltdown.If a meltdown could happen at a nuclear reactor in Japana country so obsessed with keeping up to
12、 date that its citizens annually get new cell phones and a new Prime Ministerwe should have known we were all doomed. Meltdowns happened to the most unlikely victims. Everyone was so vulnerable to meltdowns that even Canadians rioted, though they did it only so the rest of the world wouldnt feel bad
13、 about their riots.It didnt take a tsunami; anything could trigger a meltdown. Greece, a country so economically insignificant that its biggest global financial contribution to this century was that Nia Vardalos movie, sent the entire European economy into a meltdown. A meltdown of both the U.S. cre
14、dit rating and Congresss approval rating was unleashed over raising the debt ceiling, something so routine and boring. Sometimes, it didnt take an actual sexual affair to ruin your promising political career.Sometimes, crises sprang out of tiny mistakes that usually have no consequences whatsoever,
15、like that day in college when you went to a protest, charged a couple more things on your nearly maxed-out credit card and drunkenly told the pizza guy with all the dumb ideas that he should totally run for President. Well, when the entire country does that at once, you get a meltdown.There was even
16、 a meltdown of the once powerful American middle class. A year ago ours was still a country that pretended there was no class system, where rich people all called themselves “upper-middle class“. Now we are full-on feudal, with an angry 99% and a 1% who actually understand the things which the 99% a
17、re inarticulately complaining about. The meltdown itself melted down when Occupy Wall Street protesters and police couldnt agree on lawn care.Its too late to cool the rods. We are either going to abandon the old structures altogethernuclear power, the euro, Arab secular role, unregulated capitalismo
18、r wait a really long time for things to get better. We are finally going to have to choose between our modem love of constant drama and our modem laziness. I know which Im betting on. Laziness has a really high melting point. (434 words)（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, what could we do about t
19、he messes we made?（分数：2.00）A.We could spare our efforts to change them.B.We could watch things fall apart leisurely.C.We were incapable of doing anything.D.We could stay cool in face of the messes.(2).Which of the following is true of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Japanese fall victims to meltdown
20、s easily.B.Japanese rarely change cell phones and Prime Ministers.C.Canadians rioted because the rest of the world wouldnt feel bad about their riots.D.Everyone could become victim of meltdowns.(3).The word “unleashed“ (Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.triggered offB.recoveredC
21、.realizedD.restated(4).What do the 1% people know according to Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.They know that rich people are called “upper-middle class“ in their country.B.They know what the 99% are not satisfied with.C.They know that there is no class system in their country.D.They know that their country
22、is completely feudal.(5).Regarding all the meltdowns happening in the world this year, the author feels _.（分数：2.00）A.indifferentB.optimisticC.pessimisticD.puzzled五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recalculating the global use of phosphorus, an important fertilizer element of modem agriculture, a team of resear
23、chers warns that the worlds stocks may soon be in short supply and that overuse in the industrialized world has become a leading cause of the pollution of lakes, rivers and streams.Writing in the Feb. 14 edition of the journal Environmental Research Letters, Stephen Carpenter of the University of Wi
24、sconsin-Madison and Elena Bennett of McGill University report that the human use of phosphorus, primarily in the industrialized world, is causing the widespread eutrophication of fresh surface water. Whats more, the minable global stocks of phosphorus are concentrated in just a few countries and are
25、 in decline, posing the risk of global shortages within the next 20 years. “There is a finite amount of phosphorus in the world,“ says Carpenter, one of the worlds leading authorities on lakes and streams. “This is a material thats becoming rarer and we need to use it more efficiently.“Phosphorus is
26、 an essential element for life. Living organisms, including humans, have small amounts and the element is crucial for driving the energetic processes of cells. In agriculture, phosphorus mined from ancient marine deposits is widely used to boost crop yields. The element also has other industrial use
27、s.But excess phosphorus from fertilizer that washes from farm fields and suburban lawns into lakes and streams is the primary cause of the algae blooms that destroy freshwater ecosystems arid degrade water quality. Phosphorus pollution poses a risk to fish and other water life as well as to the anim
28、als and humans who depend on clean fresh water. In some instances, excess phosphorus sparks blooms of toxic algae, which pose a direct threat to human and animal life.“If you have too much phosphorus, you get eutrophication,“ explains Carpenter, of the cycle of excessive plant and algae growth that
29、significantly degrades bodies of fresh water. “Phosphorus stimulates the growth of algae and weeds near shore and some of the algae can contain cyanobacteria, which are toxic. You lose fish. You lose water quality for drinking.“ The fertilizer-fueled algae blooms themselves amplify the problem as th
30、e algae die and release accumulated phosphorus back into the water.Complicating the problem, says Carpenter, is the fact that excess phosphorus in the environment is a problem primarily in the industrialized world, mainly Europe, North America and parts of Asia. In other parts of the world, notably
31、Africa and Australia, soils are phosphorus poor, creating a stark imbalance. Ironically, soils in places like North America, where fertilizers with phosphorus are most commonly applied, are already loaded with the element. Bennett and Carpenter argue that agriculture practices to better conserve pho
32、sphate within agricultural ecosystems are necessary to avert the widespread pollution of surface waters. Phosphorus from parts of the world where the element is abundant, they say, can be moved to phosphorus deficient regions of the world by extracting phosphorus from manure, for example, using manu
33、re digesters. (490 words)（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pollution of lakes, rivers and streams is mainly caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.the global use of phosphorusB.short supply of the worlds phosphorus stocksC.overuse of phosphorus in the industrialized worldD.use of phosphorus in modern
34、 agriculture(2).The word “eutrophication“ (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.pollutionB.excess of nutrientsC.increase of algaeD.growth of bacteria(3).Which of the following is not correct about the use of phosphorus?（分数：2.00）A.It is used in industry.B.It is used to increase crop yiel
35、ds.C.It is used to drive the energetic processes of cells.D.It is used only in small amounts in living organism.(4).What is the result if the algae blooms?（分数：2.00）A.It will cause the fish and other water life to die.B.It will release accumulated phosphorus into the water.C.It will destroy freshwate
36、r ecosystems.D.It will improve water quality.(5).According to the last paragraph, we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.environmental problems exist only in the industrialized countriesB.agriculture practices should conserve phosphate within agricultural ecosystemsC.phosphorus can be created by using manure di
37、gestersD.soils are not short of phosphorus in Africa and Australia六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its been called the Gig Economy, Freelance Nation, the Rise of the Creative Class, and the e-economy, with the “e“ standing for electronic, entrepreneurial. Everywhere we look, we can see the U.S. workforce und
38、ergoing a massive change. No longer do we work at the same company for 25 years, waiting for the gold watch, expecting the benefits and security that come with full-time employment. Were no longer simply lawyers, or photographers, or writers. Instead, were part-time lawyers-cure-amateur photographer
39、s who write on the side.Today, careers consist of piecing together various types of work, juggling multiple clients, learning to be marketing and accounting experts, and creating offices in bedrooms/coffee shops. Independent workers abound. We call them freelancers, contractors, sole proprietors, co
40、nsultants, temps, and the self-employed.This transition is nothing less than a revolution. We havent seen a shift in the workforce so significant in almost 100 years since we transitioned from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Now, employees are leaving the traditional workplace and opting t
41、o piece together a professional life on their own. As of 2005, one-third of our workforce participated in this “freelance economy“. Statistics show that number has only increased over the past six years. While the economy has unwillingly pushed some people into independent work, many have chosen it
42、because of greater flexibility that lets them skip the dreary office environment and focus on more personally fulfilling projects.These trends will have an enormous impact on our economy and our society:We dont actually know the true composition of the new workforce. After 2005, the government stopp
43、ed counting independent workers in a meaningful and accurate way. Studies have shown that the independent workforce has grown and changed significantly since then.Jobs no longer provide the protections and security that workers used to expect. The basics such as health insurance, protection from unp
44、aid wages, a retirement plan, and unemployment insurance are out of reach for one-third of working Americans. Independent workers are forced to seek them elsewhere, and if they cant find or afford them, then they go without. Therefore, its time to build a new support system that allows for the flexi
45、ble and mobile way that people are working.This new, changing workforce needs to build economic security in profoundly new ways. For the new workforce, the New Deal is irrelevant. When it was passed in the 1930s, the New Deal provided workers with important protections and benefits but those securit
46、ies were built for a traditional employer-employee relationship. The New Deal has not evolved to include independent workers. (424 words)（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the U.S. laboring force has changed slightlyB.the Americans used to work quite a long time at t
47、he same companyC.only full-time employees are entitled to social benefits and securityD.now the Americans prefer e-economy to traditional economy(2).By saying “Independent workers abound“ (Lines 2-3, Para. 2), the author probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.more and more independent workers are sufferingB.th
48、e independent workers are bound to be minorityC.the independent workers are around youD.there are large numbers of independent workers(3).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.There was a significant shift in the U.S. workforce 100 years ago.B.It took the Americans almos
49、t 100 years to shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy.C.Now many Americans choose independent work because they enjoy the great flexibility.D.Now about one-third of U.S. employees are leaving their farms to work in large cities.(4).From Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6, we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.only one-third of working Americans can get protections and security from jobsB.the U.S. independent workers get unemployment insurance and health insurance from the governmentC.the U.S. governm
