1、考研英语-试卷 55及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In the United States, the first day-nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were establis
2、hed in various areas during the (1)_ half of the 19th century; most of (2)_ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day nursery movement received great (3)_ during the First World War, when (4)_ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some Europ
3、ean countries nurseries were established (5)_ in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. (6)_ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (7)_, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (8)_, Federal, State, and lo
4、cal governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (9)_ the day-nurseries, chiefly by (10)_ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries. The (11)_ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all coun
5、tries, ms women were (12)_ called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (13)_ the U.S. government immediately supported the nursery schools, (14)_ $6,000,000 in July, 1942 for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15)_ this Federal a
6、id. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (16)_ in daycare centers receiving Federal (17)_. Soon afterward, the Federal government (18)_ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (19)_ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery school
7、s in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (20)_ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.（分数：40.00）A.latterB.lateC.otherD.firstA.thoseB.themC.whoseD.whomA.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiativeA.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reductionA.hardlyB.entire
8、lyC.onlyD.evenA.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.AlthoughA.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantlyA.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreoverA.overB.inC.atD.aboutA.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensingA.outsetB.outbreakC.breakthroughD.breakdownA.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yetA.circumstanceB.occasion
9、C.caseD.situationA.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferringA.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.compensatedA.byB.afterC.ofD.forA.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgetsA.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drasticallyA.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precludedA.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD
10、children二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California
11、 They care fully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own business for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉) restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection the
12、y added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and
13、 they insisted on their cooks“ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The serf-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be open
14、ed. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers fast food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies
15、 of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. Today McDonald“s is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc
16、watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald“s had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modem American business history.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage mainly talks about _.（分数：2.00）A.the development of f
17、ast food servicesB.how McDonald“s became a billion-dollar businessC.the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD.Ray Kroc“s business talent(2).Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except _.（分数：2.00）A.a drive-inB.a cinemaC.a theaterD.a barbecue restaurant(3).We may infer from this p
18、assage that _.（分数：2.00）A.Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their ideas to KrocB.the location the McDonald“s chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC.forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsD.Ray Kroc was a good businessman(4).The pa
19、ssage suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.creativity is an important element of business successB.Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersC.Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray KrocD.California is the best place to go into business(5).As used in the second sent
20、ence of the third paragraph, the word “unique“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.specialB.attractiveC.financialD.peculiar Text 2You“re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let“s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your deg
21、ree. Isn“t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers,
22、for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceit
23、ful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then, if it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors“; another refers
24、 to them as “special cases“ one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.“ To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“ or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checki
25、ng, a personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with“ a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates ba
26、ck at least to the turn of the centurythat“s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don“t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any numb
27、er of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University.“ The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.“ As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem
28、 rather high for one sheet of paper.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is that _.（分数：2.00）A.employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB.lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC.college degrees can now be purchased easilyD.employers are no longer interested in
29、college degrees(2).According to the passage, “special cases“ refers to cases where _.（分数：2.00）A.students attend a school only part-timeB.students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC.students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD.students attended a famous school(3).We c
30、an infer from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB.experience is the best teacherC.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD.a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job co
31、mpetition(4).This passage implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.buying a false degree is not moralB.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD.society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications(5).As used
32、 in the third sentence of the second paragraph, the word “utter“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.addressB.ultimateC.thoroughD.decisiveEveryone has heard of the San Andreas Fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth-quakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Mad
33、rid fault in Missouri? Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks
34、 opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward. The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were kil
35、led in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth-quakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were
36、stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now know that America“s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly
37、 lurches forward. The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even
38、now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois. Scientist
39、s who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is m
40、ainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the New Madrid fault in MissouriB.the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC.the causes of faultsD.current scientific knowledge about faults(2).The New Madrid fault is_.（分数：2.00）A.a horizontal faultB.a vertical faultC.a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD.responsi
41、ble for forming the Mississippi River(3).We may conclude from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB.the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC.California will become an island in futureD.a big earthquake will o
42、ccur to California soon(4).This passage implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB.vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC.earthquakes may occur around fault areasD.California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake(5).As used in
43、the fifth sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word “essentially“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.greatlyB.extremelyC.basicallyD.necessarilyThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the
44、railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are togetherthe more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it
45、 can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(黏膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the n
46、erves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, woul
47、d cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual
48、rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed.
