1、大学四级-1901 及答案解析(总分：677.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Changes in Peoples Reading Habits. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.Changes in Peoples Reading HabitsYear 19
2、98 2003Percentage of people who read paper books60.4%51.7%Percentage of people who read online 3.7% 18.3%1. 描述我国国民读书习惯发生的变化。2. 分析产生这变化的原因。3. 谈谈你的看法。_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How We Can Stop Being Eco-Hypoerites-Steps That Even the Most EcofriendlyShould Take to Avoid Hurting t
3、he PlanetWhen it comes to my tree-hugging acquaintances and ecofriendly neighbors, I am considered an eco-dinosaur. Why? Because I do wicked things like eat meat, own a car, and, gallingly, refuse to feel guilty about them. I also dont tut-tut disapprovingly at “that co-worker“ who prints out every
4、e-mail. And I definitely dont burst into tears every time somebody pulls out plastic utensils or sips bottled water.This is why some people think I heart(支持) British Petroleum, when the reality is somewhere in the middle. I take public transportation, recycle plastic bags, and use CFL (节能灯) bulbs. I
5、 do worry about polar bears and global warming, and toxic messes, but I dont use my concerns to push people into doing whats “right“. The simple reason: I dont want to be an eco-hypocrite(环保伪君子). If you think you dont know what that means, trust me, you do.Im talking about the type of people (I mean
6、 you ,Laurie David) who never waste an opportunity to tell the rest of us how the world is going to hell thanks to inappropriately disposed batteries and energy-sucking light bulbs, while often breaking eco-rules themselves. They do that because its impossible not to break the rules, given that some
7、 of the things that hurt the environment most are ones we all depend on. Dont believe me? Check out a few examples of things we-eco-hypocrites included-should do if we really want to help this planet.Get Rid of TrashRidding a city of waste is not as farfetched as it sounds. San Francisco has already
8、 vowed to go waste-free by 2020, and has set up one of the most aggressive recycling programs in the nation. It may seem like a daydream, but all properties are required to recycle and compost(制成堆肥). Thats right, the entire city does not throw away food scraps, soiled paper, or plants-more than 62 0
9、00 tons since the program began in 2009. Recology San Francisco, the citys waste-management department, will even pick up large items and clothes. For other places that could use some help going green, Greenercities. org offers a tool kit to help each community identify local priorities and develop
10、a plan. Stop DrivingI know, it sounds drastic, but so does destroying the earth. Americans and their cars emit more carbon dioxide than the entire economy of any other nation except China, and US auto driving gobbles seven out of every 10 barrels of oil we consume. “The US is the owner of the worlds
11、 ,largest transportation system, and reducing emissions from this system is critical to an effective green house gas reduction strategy,“ says Eileen Claussen, president of the Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Cities such as San Diego, New York, and Boston are already promoting a low-car diet. I
12、nstead of reflexively hopping into the car, people are encouraged to take buses or trolleys(电车), get on a bike, or just walk. New York has built miles of new bike lanes, while San Diego and Boston are pushing people to give up their cars altogether and use Zipcar services when a car is necessary. Su
13、re, we should continue to buy all the fancy reusable bags we want, but if we dont work on our transportation issues, were just rearranging deck chairs .on the Titanic. Watch Your WaterThis means more than turning off the sink when youre brushing your teeth. While water is (for the most part) plentif
14、ul in the US, thats not the case everywhere in the world. Unpolluted fresh water is a finite resource and is increasingly in demand as the human population grows. Right now, the worlds supply is being drained faster than nature can replenish it, and the UN predicts that demand will exceed supply by
15、at least 30 percent in 2040. Along with the environment, this is already affecting food supplies. Want more information on whats being done and how you can help? Organizations like the World Water Council are a good place to start. Push for Cleaner SkiesAccording to a USA Today article, on a flight
16、from New York to Denver a commercial jet generates from “840 to 1660 pounds of carbon dioxide per passenger. Thats about what an SUV ( sport utility vehicle) generates in a month“. Should we all stop flying? Not necessarily. One solution thats been offered by the Union of Concerned Scientists, an or
17、ganization dedicated to halting carbon emissions, is the use of bio jet fuel. “Its time to get this industry back on track by launching a program to produce the first billion gallons of clean, cellulosic biofuels,“ says Jeremy Martin, senior scientist with the UCSs Clean Vehicles Program. “Done righ
18、t, cellulosic biofuels could curb Americas oil dependence, reduce carbon pollution, and generate new economic opportunities across rural America. “ The Federal Aviation Administration sees some value in this and is working with the commercial airline industry to develop appropriate feed stocks that
19、can be efficiently processed into jet fuel.Buy LessWe have too much stuff. If you want numbers to prove it, here they are. According to the National Organization of Professional Organizers (yes, thats real), Americans spend more than a year of their lives looking for lost items buried in their piles
20、 of things. We also chuck(扔掉) about 25 percent of our groceries. As it is, the World Wildlife Federations “Living Planet 2010“ report states that “even with UN projections for modest population growth, consumption and climate change, by 2030 humanity will need the capacity of two Earths to absorb CO
21、2 waste and keep up with natural resource consumption“. No one expects you to stop buying altogether, but start buying less. Depending on the country, you can participate in events like Buy Nothing Day.（分数：70.00）(1).When a person is considered to be an eco-dinosaur, he or she_A. does a lot of wicked
22、 things and is not guilty B. eats meat and owns a carC. cares little about environmental protection D. has tree-hugging acquaintances and ecofriendly neighbors（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors eyes, eco-hypocrite are people who _A. use every opportunity to teach people how to dispose batteries pro
23、perly and use CFL bulbsB. lecture people about environmental protection but often break eco-rules themselvesC. take public transportation, recycle plastic bags, and use CFL bulbsD. worry about polar bears, global warming and toxic messes（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author thinks Laurie David is a_A. eco
24、-dinosaur B. eco-hypocrite C. environmentalist D. ecologist（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In San Francisco,_A. no waste should be produced by 2020 B. large items and clothes are picked upC. all properties should recycle and compost D. each community identifies priorities and develops a plan（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5
25、).What does Eileen Claussen say about the US?A. Americans and their cars emit more carbon dioxide than the entire economy of any other nation except China.B. US auto driving gobbles seven out of every 10 barrels of the whole oil consumption.C. Reducing emissions from American transportation system i
26、s critical to effective green house gas reduction.D. Cities such as San Diego, New York, and Boston are already promoting a low-car diet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).By saying“ were just rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic“, the author means that _A. the Titanic would not have sunk if transportation issu
27、ed had been addressedB. the transportation issues are as important as using reusable bagsC. people must give up their cars altogether and use Zipcar services when necessaryD. if car use is not drastically cut, effective green house gas reduction is simply impossible（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).We should pay
28、 attention to the use of water because_A. though in great demand, water is an infinite resourceB. water is not plentiful in the USC. the shortage of water is affecting the environmentD. demand for water will exceed its supply（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Instead of stopping flying altogether, the Union of Co
29、ncerned Scientists suggests_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Jeremy Martin believes cellulosic biofuels can be effective in_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Even with modest population growth, consumption and climate change, by 2030 human beings will_ to absorb CO2 waste and keep up with natural resource consumption.（分数：7.0
30、0）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Go to the football match with the woman.B. Ask the woman to help him write the term paper on history.C. Finish the last tow chapters of history assignment.D. Take part in the football match.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She wan
31、ts to borrow the mans student card.B. The tickets are less expensive than she expected.C. She wont be able to get any discount for the ticket.D. The performance turns out to be disappointing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Its far from being ready. B. It contains some valuable ideas.C. She needs another wee
32、k to get it ready. D. It has nothing to do with the Intemet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He is suffering from the difference of time zones. B. He has been studying hard at night.C. He finds biology difficult to learn. D. He has not adjusted to a new culture.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Lesson requires student
33、s active involvement.B. Students usually take an active part in a lecture.C. More knowledge is covered in a lecture.D. There is a larger group of people interested in lesson.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The pictures of night view are really better than he expected.B. He didnt know how he finished his rol
34、e in the play.C. The film hasnt been processed yet.D. He didnt have enough film.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He often complains. B. He is a short person.C. He is worried about something. D. He is a happy sort of person.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He cant miss the bank. B. She forgot to tell him one thing.C.
35、Its no use going there. D. The bank is close to the comer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Vacation trip to Yellowstone Park. B. A lecture by a visiting professor.C. Her biology thesis. D. A research project on Yellowstone Park.（分
36、数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. More buffalo are surviving the winter. B. Fewer buffalo are dying of disease.C. More buffalo are being born. D. Fewer buffalo are being killed by hunters.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She is from Wyoming and eager to visit Yellowstone Park.B. She needs the money to continue her study
37、ing.C. She has been studying animal diseases.D. Her thesis adviser is heading the project.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She knew about it by reading a booklet.B. She knew about it by reading a student union introduction.C. She
38、knew about it by reading a newspaper.D. She knew about it by reading a magazine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because they want to preserve the natural beauty of the campus.B. Because they want to protect the students right for living space.C. Because they want to conserve the place for future use.D. Beca
39、use they want to sell the place for a better price.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They will organize a meeting to discuss a proposal.B. They will organize a protest to express their opposition.C. They will organize an appeal-letter signing activity.D. They will organize a march around the campus.（分数：7.00）A
40、.B.C.D.(4).A. She will participate in the protest.B. She will sign the appeal letter.C. She will take part in a meeting of the Student Action Union.D. She will attend her class as usual.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just h
41、eard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. How much exercise they get every day. B. What they are most worried about.C. How long their parents accompany them daily. D. What entertainment they are interested in.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Get enough entertainment. B. Have more activities.C. Receive early education. D. Have r
42、egular checkups.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Be no place for play. B. Be near a common area.C. Have no TV sets. D. Have a computer for study.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. To look for two of her close friends. B. To stay at hom
43、e and study.C. To share an apartment with friends. D. To move out and live alone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She couldnt find a good place to stay. B. Her friend and she couldnt afford the rent.C. A friend left her for works sake. D. She quarreled with her friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because her hom
44、e was far way from school. B. Because her parents asked her to do so.C. Because she was bored living outside. D. Because the place where she lived caught fire.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because she was disappointed in the college.B. Because she kept moving all the time and couldnt concentrate on studyi
45、ng.C. Because her home was too far away from school and it was inconvenient.D. Because she was not interested in study at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Italian people. B. German people. C. British people. D. French
46、people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Wash the dishes. B. Have her own meal.C. Make plans for other activities. D. Serve some wine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Odd. B. Crazy. C. Regular. D. Romantic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The Romans built great“ aqueducts“ to carry fresh water from the moun
47、tains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Roman (36) even set up a (37) health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.When the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these (38) methods of treatment (39) f
48、rom most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions, which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the (40) . They shut up (41) sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have (42) power
49、s. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost.Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old (43) lands. (44) Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries,(45) Slowly, European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. (46) （分
