1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic probl
2、em in the long nm. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program. The goal of smart-highway te
3、chnology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable
4、 message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic. Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up
5、what is called a “smart corridor“, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours. Not all traffic experts, ho
6、wever, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem. “Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently
7、,“ explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute. “It doesnt deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can t be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but thats been
8、solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.“ Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems. It snot the solution itself, just pan of the package. There are different strategies.“ Other traffic problem-solving option
9、s being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway. It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of t
10、he next 20 years. There has to be a big change. 1 What is the appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Smart Highway Projects The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. （ B） A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. （ C） A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes. （ D） Highways Get Smart Part of the Pac
11、kage to Relieve Traffic Gridlock. 2 The compound word “quick-fix“ in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） an optional solution （ B） an expedient solution （ C） a ready solution （ D） an efficient solution 3 According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to _. （ A）
12、develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways （ B） provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services （ C） optimize the highway capabilities （ D） improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4 According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, _. （ A） car pooling m
13、ust be studied （ B） rapid mass transit system must be introduced （ C） flexible work hours must be experimented （ D） overall strategies must be coordinated 5 Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? （ A） Two contrasting views of a problem are presented. （ B） A prob
14、lem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. （ C） Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. （ D） An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. 5 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting
15、from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal a poisonous snake or a wildcat we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we atta
16、ck, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking ones own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man indeed others still more remo
17、te from us than Neanderthal man man rage becomes more comprehensible. In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using tile words “us and them“. “Our“ side is perpetually trying to do down the “other“ side. In games we artificially create o
18、ther subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us“ and “them“ is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic“ politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modem psychological representation of the “us and them“ emotion, it is as well to remember that the ori
19、ginal aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them“ blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspeci
20、es itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it. The
21、clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6 A suitable title for this passage would be _. （
22、 A） Wily Human Armies Are Formed （ B） Man s Anger Against the World （ C） The Human Capacity for Rage （ D） Early Straggles of Angry Mail 7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is _. （ A） its lengthy and complex development （ B） a conflict such as is now going on in Northern I
23、reland （ C） that we do not fly into a temper more often （ D） that we reserve anger for mankind 8 The passage suggests that _. （ A） historically, we have created an “us“ versus “them“ society （ B） humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping （ C） the First World War is an example o
24、f how man has always avoided domination （ D） the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9 From the passage we can infer that _. （ A） the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens （ B） games are psychologically unhealthy （ C） any artificially create
25、d subspecies would be our enemy （ D） the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in mans activities 10 The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is _. （ A） founded in historical fact （ B） deceptive （ C） apparent （ D） accurate 二、 Structu
26、re and Vocabulary 11 Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are _ to imported ones. （ A） inadequate （ B） inappropriate （ C） inferior （ D） interior 12 It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he _ what he knows. （ A） makes for （ B） m
27、akes of （ C） makes up （ D） makes out 13 Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business, _,something unheard of in Europe. （ A） transformations （ B） transmissions （ C） transitions （ D） transactions 14 As the pressure _ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in
28、the resistant rock to the earth s surface. （ A） intensifies （ B） magnifies （ C） heightens （ D） deviates 15 The strong scent of Kates perfume _ the air in the small room. （ A） radiated （ B） permeated （ C） extracted （ D） dispersed 16 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least _ , wh
29、ile those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. （ A） radical （ B） prominent （ C） confidential （ D） controversial 17 They are _ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. （ A） tempting （ B） tickling （ C） tormenting （
30、 D） tricking 18 Another popular misconception is the that great talent is usually highly specific. （ A） notion （ B） dilemma （ C） domain （ D） analogy 19 You can _ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. （ A） change （ B） vary （ C） alter （ D） transform 20 The distance between th
31、e earth and the sun may be said to be _. （ A） enormous （ B） huge （ C） vast （ D） immense 三、 Proofreading 20 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in 【 S1】_ some other way does not live to the manufacturers claim for it , the first 【 S2】_ step is to present the warranty o
32、r any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. Moreover, 【 S3】_ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store
33、manager. In general, the “high up“ the consumer 【 S4】_ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled. 【 S5】_ In such case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assumed he 【 S6】_ or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain about in person 【 S7】_ whenever po
34、ssible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 【 S8】 _ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter. 【 S9】 _ Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong 【 S10】_ with the item in qu
35、estion. 21 【 S1】 22 【 S2】 23 【 S3】 24 【 S4】 25 【 S5】 26 【 S6】 27 【 S7】 28 【 S8】 29 【 S9】 30 【 S10】 四、 Writing 31 Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic “It pays to be honest“. Your composition should be no less than 150 words based on the given outline. Remember
36、 write clearly on the Answer Sheet. Outline: 1. Honest is the best policy. Give examples to support your point-of view. Conclusion. 中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 22答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 问题是本文合适的标题是什么。本文主要讲的是 smart-highway。文中第四段第一句话 “Not all traffic expertslook to smart -highway technology
37、 as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock”，由此可排除 A；第一段第三句话“building more roads is a quick -fix solution”修建更多的马路是临时性的方法，而本文主要讲的并不是修路，故 B也被排除；本文主要讲的是 smart-highway，并没有提到任何对交通事故有弥补作用的方法，故 C也被排除。 D项点出文中主旨是 smart-highway，并且谨慎地把它只作为 “part of the package”，这是依据文中倒数第三段的意思。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 quick-fix是快速确
38、定的，即没经过深思熟虑而快速做出的临时解决方案。 expedient (指行动 )有用，有助益，可取 (但不一定合理或正当 )。做名词用时，有 “权宜手段 ”的意思。 ready用作定语指头脑敏捷的，如 a ready answer to the question对问题随口而出的回答， a ready solution to the problem对问题的当场解决。所以本题 B。 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文中第二段第一句话 “The goal of smart-highway technology is toas an integral transportation system
39、”第二段最后一句话 “to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic ”说明 “smart-highway”的目标就是最大效率的整合道路和交通工具，从而整合交通系统，从而使司机和道路监管系统能够得到高效的通信。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 倒数第三段最后一句话 “Larson agrees and adds， Smart highways is just onejust part of the package There are different strategies”，说明修建高
40、速公路只是解决交通问题的一个方面，还有许多策略都可用来解决交通拥挤。答案 D中 “overall”的意思是 “全面的，全部的 ”， “coordinate”的意思是 “调整，整理 ”，整句话就是说所有解决交通状况的所有策略必须进行协调。 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 可以看出本文是针对交通问题而介绍其解决方法，中心就是介绍了smart-highway这种运用高科技的新方法，指出了其特点和目前的不足。接着谈到了人们正在研究和实验的其他解决方法。所以应选 B。答案 A错在并没有说交通问题的两种对立观点。 C错在只介绍了一种新方法，并没有把所有的最新发展都按重要程度列出来。 D项的意思是本文主
41、要解释了一种改革，并重点说了其重要性，这显然与原文不符。 B项中的 a problem不是指交通存在的问题，而是指smart-highway，本文主要讲了解决交通问题其中的一个方法，同时又指出了其他的一些方法，因此应选 B。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 capacity for blind rage在第一段中出现，但人类的愤怒并不针对动物，只针对人类自身。第二段说在我们的语言 和行为中，有许多词提醒着我们注意到人类早期的斗争，如 “我们 ”和 “她们 ”，最初，我们在游戏中，会人为制造一个亚群体作为攻击的对象。第三段讲到愤怒使人们集结成军队，导致了人类亚群体之间的破坏性冲突。因而，全片
42、都是围绕 rage来展开的。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文中第一段 “but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals It weWe reserve rage for our own species ”说明人类盲目的怒气从不指向其他的生物，而是保留在人类自身之间。 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 一直以来人类社会都将我们 (us)与他们 (them)分得很清楚。从文中可知， “but if we take account of the long competit
43、ionexisted between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man”“In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles”“ the original aimto exterminate it” 人类从穴居甚至更早的时候就存在着竞争，这种竞争是以我们消灭他们为目标的。其他选项在文中皆找不到依据。 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 意为在人类的活动中总有与人类相对立的或真实或假想的亚种(subspec
44、ies)的存在。本文一直在讲的就是人们的 “us and them blind rage”，而这一种情结 的重要表现就是人们总是会找到或想像出与其相对立的 subspecies，例如第一次世界大战以及爱尔兰争端。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文中最后一段倒数第二句话 “The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusorymuch older in its emotional origin ”表明用宗教的方法解释爱尔兰争端是不能让人信服的，带有一定的错觉。 B deceptive欺骗性；C appare
45、nt明显的； D accurate精确的，准确的。 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 be inferior to比 差，下等的； inadequate不够的；inappropriate不合适的，不成比例的； interior内部的。 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 make use of固定搭配，意为 “利用 ”。本句的意思是问题不在于一个人有多少知识，而在于他是如何利用他的知识。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 transactions交易，事务处理； transformations人或事有巨大变化； transmis
46、sions传送，发射； transitions转变，转换。 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 intensify加强，强化，指程度上的改变； magnify放大，扩大，指大小上的改变； heighten提高，提升； deviates偏离，改变原计划。 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 permeated弥漫，渗透，扩散。本句的意思是凯特身上浓郁的香水味道弥漫在小屋的空气中。 radiated放射， 辐射； extracted拔出，萃取；dispersed分散，驱散。 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 controversial有争议的，有争论的； radical激进的； promi
47、nent卓越的，显著的； confidential秘密的，机密的。本句意为 “结果证明科学奖和医学奖存在很小的争议，而文学奖和和平奖则存在很大的批评性争论。 ” 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 be tempting to有诱惑力的，促使去做； tickling反馈，回授；tormenting折磨人的； tricking骗人的，使人上当的。 18 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 notion概念，观念和想法； dilemma进退两难的局面，困难的选择； domain领土，领域； analogy类似，类推。 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 alter改变，更改 (性质、位置、大小、形
48、状 )，这里的改变大小指改变衣服的大小而不是改变声音的大小； vary的用法是 sth vary； transform转换，改变，一般指改变形状。 change是一般用词，指改变。所以本题选 A。 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 immense是 “极广大的，无边的 ”； enormous是 “庞大的 ”，一般指数量或体积庞大； huge是 “巨大的 ”，一般指数量巨大； vast是 “辽阔的，巨额的 ”，形容面积。本句意为地球和太阳之间的距离可以说是无边的。 三、 Proofreading 21 【正确答案】 去掉 in faulty中的 in， 【试题解析】 “be faulty”是
49、 “有缺陷，不完善 ”的意思。 22 【正确答案】 live to改成 live up to， 【试题解析】 意思是 “达到标准 ”。 23 【正确答案】 Moreover改为 However， 【试题解析】 表转折关系，前面说在大多数情况下，这种行为可以得到预期效果，因此下一句应为转折， “然而，如果没有达到效果的话 ” 24 【正确答案】 将 high改成 higher， 【试题解析】 因为后面用的是 faster，比较级前后需要对等，形式需要一致。 25 【正确答案】 应该在 expect和 to之间加上 it， 【试题解析】 指期待、指望他们的投诉能尽快得到解决。 26 【正确答案】 assumed改成 assuming， 【试题解析】 应为主动关系。 in such case是一个固定结构，没有错误
