1、考研英语模拟试卷 145及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are (1)_ in a teacher? Probably no two people wou
2、ld (2)_ exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally (3)_. First, the teachers personality should be pleasantly (4)_ and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically (5)_, or even ugly, because many such have great personal (6)_. But it does rule out such types
3、 as the (7)_, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing: I would say too, that it (8)_ all of dull or purely negative personality. Secondly, it is not merely desirable (9)_ essential for a teacher to have a genuine (10)_ for sympathy a capacity to tune (11)_ to the minds and feelin
4、gs of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. (12)_ related with this is the capacity to be (13) not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which (14)_ people, and again especially children, to make mistakes. Thirdly, I (15)_ it essentia
5、l for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength and (16)_, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be (17)_. There is no contradiction in my g
6、oing on to say that a teacher should be a (18)_ of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to (19)_ an act to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or (20)_ praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is r
7、ather larger than life. （ A） substantial （ B） adorable （ C） desirable （ D） valuable （ A） draw up （ B） put down （ C） make out （ D） hand in （ A） agreed （ B） approved （ C） recognized （ D） accepted （ A） live （ B） living （ C） lifelike （ D） lively （ A） strong （ B） plain （ C） simple （ D） sound （ A） appreci
8、ation （ B） enjoyment （ C） charm （ D） identity （ A） over-exciting （ B） over-excitable （ C） over-irritable （ D） over-sensitive （ A） includes （ B） erases （ C） involves （ D） excludes （ A） yet （ B） nevertheless （ C） but （ D） or （ A） capacity （ B） strength （ C） power （ D） ability （ A） out （ B） about （ C）
9、in （ D） up （ A） Significantly （ B） Closely （ C） Consequently （ D） Particularly （ A） tolerable （ B） patient （ C） popular （ D） tolerant （ A） help （ B） induce （ C） arouse （ D） agitate （ A） regard （ B） estimate （ C） hold （ D） perceive （ A） shortcomings （ B） limitations （ C） defects （ D） drawbacks （ A） p
10、resided （ B） managed （ C） oriented （ D） guided （ A） bit （ B） little （ C） lot （ D） couple （ A） put across （ B） put on （ C） put up （ D） put in for （ A） allot （ B） assign （ C） award （ D） reward Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
11、 D. (40 points) 21 Dream is a story that a person “watches“ or even “takes part in“ during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamers life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still
12、others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot contr
13、ol what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. But persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. D
14、reams are a product of the sleepers mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn
15、up. Deep wishes or fears-especially those held since childhood-often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. Events in the sleepers surrounding-a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams. Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not
16、realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patients dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep but are awakened each time they begin to dreambecome anxious and re
17、stless. 21 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） why we dream during sleep （ B） how we dream during sleep （ C） what dreams are （ D） What benefits dreams bring to people 22 According to the passage, dreams result from _. （ A） the sleepers wishes （ B） the sleepers imagination （ C） the sleepers feeling
18、（ D） the sleepers own mind 23 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought. （ B） Dream is related to he dreamer s real life. （ C） Dream is an imaginary, story which seems real while taking place. （ D） Dream involves events that always happen
19、 in real life. 24 This passage suggests that psychiatrists are _. （ A） trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams （ B） trying to make the sleeper dream logically （ C） studying the benefits of dreams （ D） helping the sleeper fulfill his dreams 25 We may infer from the passage that dreaming
20、_. （ A） is beneficial to people （ B） disturbs peoples life （ C） makes people always restless （ D） deprives people of a good sleep 26 According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he t
21、hinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to re move the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think some thing can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be cre
22、ated by a per sons thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emo
23、tion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, s
24、adness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoi
25、d the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable menta
26、l energy he needs for the examination. 26 We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something _. （ A） one thinks bad or good （ B） one feels in danger （ C） one faces in the outside world （ D） one tries to escape from real life 27 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Children learn e
27、motions as they grow up. （ B） Babies are born with emotions. （ C） Emotions fall into two types in general. （ D） People can cope with the negative emotions in life. 28 The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _. （ A） explain why people have emotions （ B） show how people avoid the negative em
28、otions （ C） explain what people should do before emotions （ D） define anti classify peoples emotions 29 We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if _. （ A） he can not think properly （ B） he cant pay attention to it （ C） he cant finish it （ D） he is not full of energy 30 As used in t
29、he last sentence, the word “drains“ means _. （ A） stops （ B） ties （ C） weakens （ D） flows gradually 31 People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Othe
30、r times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem. First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sams
31、bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is wi
32、th the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For in stance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wh
33、eels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestio
34、ns might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something
35、in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfe
36、ctly. In short, he has solved the problem. 31 What is the best title for this passage? （ A） Six Stages for Repairing Sams Bicycle. （ B） Possible Ways to Problem-solving. （ C） Necessities of Problem Analysis. （ D） Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem. 32 In analyzing a problem we should do all the fol
37、lowing except _. （ A） recognize and define the problem （ B） look for information to make the problem clearer （ C） have suggestions for a possible solution （ D） find a solution by trial or mistake 33 By referring to Sams broken bicycle, the author intends to _. （ A） illustrate the ways to repair his
38、bicycle （ B） discuss the problems of his bicycle （ C） tell us how to solve a problem （ D） show us how to analyse a problem 34 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） People do not analyze the problem they meet. （ B） People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. （ C） People may learn fr
39、om their past experience. （ D） People can not solve some problems they meet. 35 As used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short“ means _. （ A） in the long run （ B） in detail （ C） in a word （ D） in the end 36 Admittedly, minor accidents and slip ups continue to shake public confidence in nuclear p
40、ower. Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries, it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However, this argues for exceptional vigilance, regulatory scrutiny and accountability-and not for bans or shutdowns. Those nuclea
41、r operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed, so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives. The Bush administrations enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this, however. It also wants to see new plants. Proponents of new nuclear power statio
42、ns make three arguments in their favor. They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels; Far from being environmentally harmful, they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases; And, most crucially, the economics of nuclear power has improved
43、 from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy. Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny. The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd. Little oil is used in power generation: what nuclear po
44、wer displaces is mostly natural gas and coal, which are not only more plentiful than oil but also geographically better distributed. Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self-sufficiency but through diversification of supplies. Creating lots of fissile material that might be pinched by terrori
45、sts is an odd way to look for security anyway. What about the argument that climate change might be the great savior of nuclear power? Global warming is indeed a risk that should be taken more seriously than the Bosh administration has so far done. Nuclear plants do not produce any carbon dioxide, w
46、hich is the principal greenhouse gas. However, rushing in response to build dozens of new nuclear plants would be both needlessly expensive and environ mentally unsound. It would make far more sense to adopt a carbon tax, which would put clean energy sources such as solar and wind on an equal footin
47、g with nuclear, whose waste poses an undeniable (if remote) environmental threat of its own for aeons to come. Governments should also dismantle all subsidies on fossil fuels especially for coal, the dirtiest of all. They should adopt reforms that send proper price signals to those who use power, an
48、d so reduce emissions. Global warming certainly provides one argument in favor of nuclear power. But it is not sufficient on its own to justify a nuclear renaissance. 36 Whats the publics opinion about nuclear industry? （ A） People have little confidence in nuclear power for the potential disaster o
49、f nuclear accidents. （ B） People think it important to exercise strict monitoring and effective management of the existing plants. （ C） People believe the best way to avoid nuclear disaster is to shut down all the nuclear power stations. （ D） People agree to prohibit the existing nuclear plants from running to the end of their useful lives. 37 The most important reason wily the Bush administration support more new nuclear power
