1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 30 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Go On a Special Area Opportunity to Scholarship ?A U. S. Education Department study released yesterday found that District students who were given vouche
2、rs to attend private schools outperformed public school peers on reading tests. This finding is likely to reigni-te debate over the fate of the controversial program.The D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program, the first federal initiative to spend taxpayer dollars on private school tuition, was creat
3、ed by a Republican-led Congress in 2004 to help students from low-income families. Congress has cut off federal funding after the 2009 2010 school year unless lawmakers vote to reauthorize it.Overall, the study found that students who used the vouchers received reading scores that placed them nearly
4、 four months ahead of peers who remained in public school. However, as a group, students who had been in the lowest-per-forming public schools did not show those gains.Education Secretary Arne Duncan said in a statement that the Ohama administration does not want to pull participating students out o
5、f the program but does not support its continuation.“Big picture, I dont see vouchers as being the answer,“ Duncan said in a recent meeting with Washington Post editors and reporters. “You can pull two kids out, you can pull three kids out, and youre leaving 97 or 98 percent behind. You need to help
6、 all those kids. The way you help them is by challenging the status quo where its not working and coming back with dramatically better schools and doing it systemically.“Since it began, the voucher program has awarded scholarships to more than 3,000 students from low-income families, granting up to
7、$ 7, 500 a year for tuition and other fees at participating schools. This school year, about 1,715 students are participating.The Bush administration, and many Republicans, has championed the program as a “lifeline“ for students in struggling schools.Supporters bailed the congressionally mandated st
8、udy as proof the program works. “With concrete evidence in hand that this program is a success, we look forward to reauthorizing it as quickly as possible,“ Howard P. “Buck“ McKeon, the top Republican on the House education committee, said in a statement.In a letter to Duncan, several GOP leaders ur
9、ged him to continue awarding grants. “Under no circumstances should the funds be withheld by the U. S. Department of Education when so many children in the District need and deserve access to a quality school today,“ House Minority Leader John A. Boehner and other lawmakers wrote.Joseph I. Lieberman
10、 (l-Conn.) , whose Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs has jurisdiction over the District, has said he plans to hold hearings on the program.1 What reignites the debate over the fate of The D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program?（A）The participants of this program performed poorly i
11、n the reading test than those who have been studying in public schools.（B） District students who were given vouchers to attend private schools outperformed public school peers on math tests.（C） Government finds it valueless to continue this grogram.（D）The participants of the program got higher score
12、s on reading tests than those who didnt participate.2 The expression “status quo“ (Line 8, Para. 5) most probably means_.（A）ones identity（B） what happened in the past（C） present situation（D）unpleasant feeling3 What is Bush administrations attitude towards The D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program?（A
13、）Indifferent.（B） Neutral.（C） Critical.（D）Supportive.4 Which of the following is mentioned in GOP leaders letter to Duncan?（A）The government should withhold the funds no natter what will happen.（B） The government should not allow lawmakers to reauthorize it.（C） The government has to cut off federal f
14、unds because of the shortage of money.（D）The government should not withhold the funds no matter what will happen. 5 What is the main topic of this passage?（A）The advantages and disadvantages of The D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program.（B） The reasons why We should reauthorize The D. C, Opportunity
15、Scholarship Program.（C） Bush administrations influence on the continuation of The D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program.（D）A study that revealed District students who were given vouchers to attend private schools outperformed public school peers on reading tests.5 The International Education Industr
16、ial DevelopsThe clock tower looks out over a 38-hectare campus graced by an ornamental lake and a pillared central hall. Add a little ivy and it could be almost any respected seat of learning in the West. Only the hemisphere is wrong. This is Ningbo campus of Nottingham University in Chinas Zhejiang
17、 province, half a world away from its British home. Teaching is in English, the first language of the staff. Last year the college,a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise, opened its doors to 900 local students looking for an international education without leaving home. Within five years their nu
18、mbers are forecast to reach 4, 000. Say Nottingham University provost Ina Gow:“Why go all the way to Britain when you can study in China at half the price?“Good question. International education is now a global industry worth $ 30 billion a year, with some 2 million students studying abroad,a figure
19、 thats forecast to treble by 2020. In particular, the surging economies of India and China are producing far more would-be graduates than their own colleges can accommodate. But preferences are changing fast as thrifty students give up their traditional favorites in the West and choose to stay close
20、r to home. That means a change in strategy for recruit-hungry colleges anti governments. Says Andreas Schleicher, an education expert at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, “The real international dimension is that we no longer move students around the world: we move the provi
21、ders and contents instead.“It doesnt take a Ph. D. to spot the trends. The United States still attracts more than a quarter of all overseas students,but its market share is slipping. Britain, in the second slot, saw the number of applicants from China dip by 20 percent last year. Factors include exp
22、ense and tighter entry regulation. The United States last year relaxed some of its controls but not before losing some of the rich-student business from the Middle East. British universities are complaining loudly at the governments decision to double the price of a student visa.The big beneficiarie
23、s are back in the East, close to home for Indian and Chinese students. With generous state help, Australian colleges now attract 9 percent of overseas students, after a decade of double-digit increases. Australians goal: 560, 000 foreign studentsalmost three times todays figure by 2025, with Asians
24、accounting for some 70 percent of the total. Whats good for the col-leges is also good for the national accounts. International education now ranks as Australias fourth largest source of export dollars after coal, tourism and iron ore.6 We can infer that the key feature of Ningbo campus of Nottingha
25、m University is that_.（A）it has a western style campus（B） it charges half the price of Nottingham University（C） it provides similar education as in Nottingham（D）it is a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise7 Students choose to stay closer to home mainly because of_.（A）their fear of homesickness（B）
26、 the surging economy of their home country（C） the changing pattern of world education（D）their personal economic reason8 According to Andreas Schleicher, the trends of education is that_.（A）students will choose to study in their own country（B） Western countries still have strong attraction for studen
27、ts（C） Australia will surpass the U.S.and Britain in the market share（D）Universities will be more active in suiting the needs of students9 What has happened to the U. S. and Britain in terms of overseas students?（A）The U. S. stays firmly as NO. 1 choice for students.（B） Britain raised its overseas st
28、udents by 20 percent last year.（C） Both countries forecast a rise in the student number.（D）Both countries are losing their market share.10 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）Australia might become NO. 1 in international education.（B） Australia will continue to benefit from international ed
29、ucation.（C） Student number in Australia is forecast to treble by 2020.（D）Australia will become the first choice for Asians.10 Marine LifeIf the Census, Bureau thinks it has its hands full counting Americans, imagine what scientists are up against in trying to tally every living thing in the ocean, i
30、ncluding microbes so small they seem invisible.The worldwide Census of Marine Life has four field projects focusing on hard-to-see sea life such as tiny microbes and zooplankton in the sea bed. Tiny as individuals, these life forms are massive as groups and provide food that helps underpin better-kn
31、own living things.“Scientists are discovering and describing an astonishing new world of marine microbial diversity and abundance, distribution patterns and seasonal changes,“ said Mitch Sogin of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. , leader of the International Census of Marine Lif
32、e. The Census of Marine Life, which is scheduled to be reported Oct. 4 in London, has involved more than 2,000 scientists from more than 80 nations. The decade-long census has discovered more than 5,000 new forms of marine life. Researchers think there may be several times that many yet to be found.
33、Previous updates have focused on larger creatures, such as an Antarctic expressway where octopuses ride along in a flow of extra salty water, the deepest comb jellyfish ever found and The White Shark Cafe, a deep Pacific Ocean site where sharks congregate in winter.Now the researchers have turned to
34、 the tiniest of things, some of which burrow in the sea floor. Remotely operated deep-sea vehicles discovered that roundworms dominate the deepest, darkest abyss. Sometimes, more than 500,000 can exist in just over a square yard of soft clay. Only a few different types have been studied. There are a
35、lso 16, 000 or more species of seaworms. There are loriciferans, which the scientists call “girdle wearers“ because of hind shells resembling a corset. And there are hundreds of types of tiny crustaceans.“Such findings make us look at the deep sea from a new perspective,“ says researcher Pedro Marti
36、nez Arbizu of the German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research. “Far from being a lifeless desert, the deep sea rivals such highly diverse ecosystems as tropical rainforests and coral reefs.“11 What is said about smaller marine life?（A）It is impossible to count its number owing to its invisibility
37、.（B） It is found that all smaller marine life live in the sea bed.（C） Some smaller marine life are tiny while others are massive.（D）Some familiar creatures depend on smaller marine life for food supply.12 What can we know about the Census of Marine Life?（A）The census helps us know more about the typ
38、es and numbers of marine microbes.（B） Many scientists will participate in the census which will start on Oct. 4.（C） Nearly all new forms of marine life have been found in the census.（D）More marine life can be found if the census conducts more researches.13 What is the focus of study for researchers
39、at present?（A）Large marine creatures.（B） Tiniest marine creatures.（C） Deep-sea creatures.（D）Different types of roundworms.14 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）The deep sea area is full of different types of newly found creatures.（B） Findings of new creatures enable us to have a fresh look at
40、the deep sea area.（C） The deep sea area has long been regarded as an area without life.（D）There is no difference between the deep sea area and tropical forests.15 What does the underlined word “rival“ in Para.6 mean?（A）Competitor.（B） Compete.（C） Match.（D）Compare.15 The Ocean PollutesA decision by th
41、e London-based International Maritime Organization (IMO) establishes an emissions control area and requires all oceangoing ships, including oil tankers, cargo vessels and cruise ships, to use cleaner fuel within 200 nautical miles of the U.S. and Canadian coasts. The rule, which was proposed by the
42、two nations a year ago, will become enforceable in August 2012.Up to now, ships that fall outside the U. S. governments jurisdiction often use heavy, sludge-like fuels with high levels of sulfur. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said the rule will force ships to use pricier, more-refined fue
43、l that cuts sulfur levels by 98 percent, thereby slashing by up to 85 percent nitrogen oxide emissions that are linked to cancer.“This is a change that will benefit millions of people and set in motion new innovations for the shipping industry,“ EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson said in a statement.
44、 “The sulfur, particulate emissions and other harmful pollutants from large ships reach from our ports to communities hundreds of miles inland-bringing with them health, environmental and economic burdens,“ she said. “Cleaning up our shipping lanes will be a boon to communities across North America.
45、“California is the only state that mandates ships within 24 nautical miles of the coast to burn cleaner fuel. The mandate prompted many vessels heading to the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to take a shortcut route to save on using the costlier fuel. The different traffic pattern caused safety
46、concerns as some ships entered restricted areas where Navy missile tests are conducted.Under pressure to clean up emissions contributing to some of the nations worst air quality, officials of the giant Long Beach and Los Angeles port complex had also imposed cargo fees to help pay for cleaner trucks
47、 that haul goods in and out, raising worries that ships might go elsewhere.Shippers and cruise companies initially opposed the new emissions control area on grounds that it sets arbitrary boundaries using faulty science and the switch to low sulfur fuels would drive up costs. After the IMO decision,
48、 though, they appeared to he softening their stance.Environmentalists said winds off the ocean can blow ship pollution hundreds of miles inland, so the new rule will improve the air for residents in every region of the country.16 What is said about the new rule made by IMO?（A）It is regulated that sh
49、ips should limit emissions within a certain area.（B） All oceangoing ships but oil tankers need to use cleaner fuel.（C） The rule was adopted a year ago in the U. S. and Canada.（D）All countries are required to comply with this decision.17 What might NOT be the effect of the IMO rule?（A）Ships with the U. S. governments jurisdiction have to use cleaner fuel.（B） There will he no change in the percentage of people who suffer from cancer.（C） It is time for the shipping industry to set about some reforms.（D）Environmen
