1、全国自考（英语阅读一）模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析一、CAREFUL READING0 Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language ; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps n
2、ot so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently pronouncing a foreign language is a skill one that needs ca
3、reful training of a special kind,and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself, I think even teachers of language while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So
4、the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel, that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there sho
5、uld be occasions, when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation,there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that
6、 the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relat
7、ionship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may we
8、ll be time wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends after that what use you make of your knowledge; and this is a matter of technique.1 What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages? (
9、 )（A）Only a few people are really proficient.（B） No one is really an expert in the skill.（C） There arent many people who are even fairly good.（D）There are even some people who are moderately proficient.2 The best way of learning to speak a foreign language he suggests is by_. ( )（A）picking it up nat
10、urally as a child（B） learning from a native speaker（C） not concentrating on pronunciation as such（D）undertaking systematic work3 What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forget? ( )（A）The practical teaching of languages.（B） The importance of a good accent.（C） The principles of phonetic th
11、eory.（D）The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.4 The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon_. ( )（A）how closely he attends to the matter（B） whether it is English that is being taught（C） his teachers approach to pronunciation（D）the importance normally given to grammar an
12、d spelling5 How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time? ( )（A）By spending lesson time on pronunciation.（B） By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.（C） By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.（D）By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between so
13、unds.5 On days when there is work, I talk to the other guys. Some of them tell me that the harvest season is coming in northern California, and they say that one can earn good money there. Things havent gone so badly in the car wash, but one afternoon I give the manager my thanks for having hired an
14、d promoted me, and with a little suitcase that night I board a Greyhound headed north. My ticket is made out for San Francisco, but I dont plan to go that far. I plan to ride until I had a place where people are harvesting, and to get off the bus there.I sleep on the bus for a few hours that night,a
15、nd in the morning, when I awake,I don t know where we are. I get up from my seat and walk down the bus aisle, looking for a Mexican or Chicano to tell me our location, but oddly enough I dont see any among the passengers, who are all white-skinned. I pay attention to the road signs we pass, but they
16、 are not of much help. I can read the town names, but I dont know where the towns lie. A map would help me, and I decide to buy one at our next stop. Lots of things are for sale at the bus stops gift shop, but there are no maps. I direct myself towards the shops operator, but I run into the language
17、 barrier. The operator is an Anglo, and when I speak to him in Spanish, he says that he doesn t understand. I try to practice my very precarious English with him, but its of no use. I have a rough idea of the sound of the words that I want to say, but I cant pronounce them right. I make signs, signa
18、ling a big piece of paper and say “from California“, but he turns into a question mark,with eyes wide open, arms raised and hands extended. “Map,“ I say, but I dont pronounce the word very well. “Freeways, streets,“I add, but he still doesnt understand. He points out chewing gum, candies, pieces of
19、cake, sandwiches ,soft drinks,and cigarettes,trying to guess what I m asking for. But he doesnt show me any maps. Finally, I back out of the store, and as 1 leave I hear him say, “Im sorry. “A little before the bus leaves, I run into a Mexican-American in a hallway and I immediately ask him to help
20、me find a map of California. We go back to the store. The Chicano asks for a map. “Ahh! Ahaaa!“ the operator exclaims. Then he goes to a corner of his shelves and takes out what Ive been asking for. While I am paying him, he talks to the Chicano in a joyful tone. With the map in my hands,I give the
21、Chicano my thanks, and he explains that the store keeper thinks that I am asking if he needs anybody to clean the floor or “mop“.6 The writer decided to leave his job and go to northern California because_ . ( )（A）his boss didnt like him（B） things were going badly in the car wash（C） he thought he co
22、uld earn more money（D）there wasn t always work7 The writer wanted a map in order to _. ( )（A）find the way to San Francisco（B） help him with the road signs（C） know where he was in relation to the entire trip（D）find his way back to his workplace8 From the passage, we can infer that_ . ( )（A）the owner
23、of the shop did not want to sell the writer a map（B） the writer was fired from the car wash（C） the writer was a migrant farm worker（D）the writer was traveling with a friend who could speak English9 The writer tries to make himself understood by all the following except _. ( )（A）gestures（B） words or
24、phrases（C） pronunciations（D）spelling the word10 We can learn from the story that_ . ( )（A）incorrect pronunciations may result in misunderstanding（B） immigrants usually have a hard time in the foreign countries（C） a foreign language can be learned through conversations（D）traveling alone brings unexpe
25、cted troubles and problems10 Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between nations and that, if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misundersta
26、nding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Apart from tragic incidents involving the murder of athletes, the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents c
27、aused principally by international contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after a hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decision. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have
28、been disallowed and that their opponents victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasnt hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished. “ The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at le
29、ast three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were still thr
30、ee seconds to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the U. S. A had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. A judging panel debated the matter for four and a half hours without changing th
31、e original decision. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or on non-national teams, might be too
32、 much to hope for, but in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.11 The author cites two examples in the passage to show that _. ( )（A）athletes should compete as individuals（B） sports encourage aggressive patriotism（C） athletes should com
33、pete on national teams（D）sports encourage international brotherhood12 The American basketball players eventually_. ( )（A）had to agree with the judging panel（B） had to yield the first place to Russia（C） decided not to receive the silver medals（D）decided to protest against the unfair decision13 The wo
34、rd “indignation“ (para. 2) is closest in meaning to _. ( )（A）rage（B） pleasure（C） misery（D）temper14 It can be inferred from the passage that the suggestion mentioned in the last paragraph is_ ( )（A）modest（B） realistic（C） impractical（D）unreasonable15 The authors attitude toward the present organizatio
35、n of the Olympics is_. ( )（A）positive（B） negative（C） impartial（D）Satirical15 It began as a game: high school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These y
36、oung computer wizards soon gained the nickname“ hackers“.Police put the collar on a few hackers,but many went on to even more complex hacking. One hacker was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later used a jailhouse phone to alter a police officers credit records to get back at the offi
37、cer for arresting him. The hacker also used a computer to alter his college records to give himself better grades. As hackers gained experience,they began invading computers at banks,airlines and other businesses. In one scheme,a hacker instructed an airlines computer to give him free airplane ticke
38、ts.The U. S. government is worried hackers may break into its sophisticated networks of defense computer. The governments classified secrets are vulnerable because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can tap into. In November 1988, a college student tapped
39、 into a non classified U. S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected a computer program that left copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use each “viruses“ to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case,government officials shut down the network be
40、fore the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself into police and told them how to get his program out of the computer system. He was charged with a crime.The incident put the spotlight on
41、computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers.The U. S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defe
42、nse computers. It fears a hacker could inject a virus into military computers that would erase all the data during a war.Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most brilliant minds in the U. S. will be working to frustrate the e
43、fforts of computer hackers and spies.16 The main idea of the article is_ ( )（A）computer hackers only want to make free long distance phone calls（B） the government wants to hire computer hackers to spy on the Russians（C） computer hackers are a threat to private companies and government secrets（D）many
44、 companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers who carry viruses17 A computer “virus“ is like a human virus because it_. ( )（A）makes a computer cough and throw up（B） spreads from one computer to other computers（C） can erase a persons doctor bills（D）requires regular visits to a
45、 doctor18 A hacker can be dangerous because_ . ( )（A）he knows how to make free long-distance telephone calls（B） vital information is stored in computers, and a hacker knows how to change or erase the information（C） once in jail, he can use a telephone to operate his computer（D）a hacker who steals a
46、free airplane ticket might deprive a doctor of that seat on the airplane19 U. S. government computers are vulnerable to a hacker because _. ( )（A）the government always pays its telephone bills on time（B） the Russians know whats in the U. S. computers（C） viruses attack only government computers（D）man
47、y government computers are connected by telephone lines20 In the future_. ( )（A）Some of the most brilliant minds in America will be working to try to stop computer hackers and spies（B） hackers will begin invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses（C） many computer hackers will be arre
48、sted for making free telephone calls（D）some computer hackers will turn themselves in to the police二、SPEED READING20 Thomas Alva Edison was awarded more patents on inventions than any of other American. When he died in 1931, Americans wondered how they could best show their respect for him.One sugges
49、tion was that the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout. All electric power would be shut off in homes, streets,and factories.Perhaps this suggested plan made Americans realize fully what Edison and his inventions meant to them. Electric power was too important to the country. Shutting it off for even a short time would have led to complete confusion. A blackout was out of the question.On the day of Edisons funeral, many people silently dimmed their lights. I
