1、考博医学英语-388 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：3，分数：15.00)（分数：5.00）A.nameB.addressC.receiptD.phone numberA.purposefullyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.all of a suddenA.Italy.B.Africa.C.The Mediterranean region.D.Places unknown.A.France.B.USA.C.Spain.D.Italy.A
2、.adviserB.computer programmerC.product designerD.computer designer（分数：5.00）A.At the platform 7.B.At the platform 8.C.At the platform 9.D.At the platform 13.A.She will continue with her diet.B.She might diet any day.C.She can“t afford expensive food.D.She is overweight.A.It“s easy to run the business
3、.B.Henry will not succeed.C.Henry is too busy to run the company.D.Henry has already run the company well.A.She doesn“t like to spend unnecessary money.B.The man should first count the number of people going.C.She doesn“t have enough money at present.D.The man shouldn“t expect her to go.A.The sales
4、have been increasing.B.The sales have been satisfactory.C.The sales have been the same.D.The sales haven“t been steady.（分数：5.00）A.No one likes the food there.B.Some people like the food there.C.All the people having the food there.D.The food seems too heavy there.A.Some like meat while others like p
5、oison.B.Different people are interested in different things.C.Meat and poison can be transferred.D.Meat can be served as poison to some extent.A.Restaurant.B.Laundries.C.Gold.D.Both A and B.A.Mrs. Smith is good at theory but drives poorly.B.Mrs. Smith always get lost on the road.C.Mrs. Smith knows l
6、ittle about rules and drives fast.D.Mrs. Smith doesn“t know how to stop the car.A.A delicate art.B.A religion.C.An exact science.D.A way of life.三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.Cut down the figure of unemployment.B.Provide a better education for the unemployed.C.Elim
7、inate the number of unemployment.D.Provide a worthwhile unemployment benefit.A.It“s essential that we should halt the increase of high-technology.B.It“s essential that we should reduce the rate of vehicle production.C.It“s essential that we should be aware of the importance of protecting environment
8、 from being polluted.D.It“s essential that we should have better time.A.They have made their contribution to the country.B.They are donators.C.They are down but not out.D.They are the people what they used to be.A.They are in the majority.B.There is a handful of loafersC.There are thousands of well-
9、meaning, responsible teenagers.D.Those who play truant will become hooligans.A.We have planned to clear the criminalsB.We have no intention of letting them getting away with it.C.They should be sued.D.Layabouts have been educated to do anything better.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.Vitamin B
10、.B.Vitamin .C.Vitamin D.D.Vitamin A.A.Moderate amounts of all kinds of foods.B.Moderate amounts of high calorie food.C.Moderate amounts of low calorie food.D.Moderate amounts of high iron food.A.One fifth.B.Two fifths.C.Three fifths.D.Four fifths.A.Women who are not breast-feeding their children.B.V
11、egetarian.C.People who have much daily product.D.All the old men.A.Vitamins can help keep people healthy when used correctly.B.Millions of people take vitamin pills to improve their health.C.People on diet need vitamins.D.Large amounts of vitamin pills can prevent some things as cancer and heart dis
12、ease.六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.British People like to take a short nap after lunch.B.British People don“t take a short nap after lunch.C.British People don“t feel sleepy after lunch.D.British People like to sleep twice a day.A.All animals in the bush.B.The remnant of the same primeval
13、 programming.C.The same primeval programming.D.All animals in the world.A.Alcohol will be less potent after lunch.B.A pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening, it can cause afternoon sleepinessC.People are more alert at lunchtime.D.It is not legal to drink at lunchtime.A.You
14、 will be refreshed.B.You will be waken up.C.You will feel far sleepier.D.You will take a cat nap.A.People are not allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.B.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.C.People are still allowed to drive after the
15、y drink one pint at lunchtime.D.None.七、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.An enormous number of people in the world“s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation _.（分数：0.50）A.capacitiesB.facilitiesC.authoritiesD.warranties2.Family-planning clinics give ou
16、t _ advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.（分数：0.50）A.insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptiveD.communicative3.Caffeine is the _ drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.（分数：0.50）A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend4.Today investigators are
17、 still far from _ a master map of the vasculature of the heart.（分数：0.50）A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding5.I have never seen a more caring, _ group of people in my life.（分数：0.50）A.emotionalB.impersonalC.compulsoryD.compassionate6.By the time I reached my residency, I _ treating the patien
18、t as a whole human being.（分数：0.50）A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for7.We now obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources, while our grandparents _ only one-half from animal sources.（分数：0.50）A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived8.Obesity carries an increased risk of
19、_.（分数：0.50）A.mortalityB.mobilityC.longevityD.maternity9.The best exercise should require continuous _, rather than frequent stops and starts.（分数：0.50）A.compassionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion10.Environmental officials insist that something be done to _ acid rain.（分数：0.50）A.curbB.sueC.detoxif
20、yD.condemn九、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.（分数：0.50）A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about12.To begin with, it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and
21、unhappy marriage.（分数：0.50）A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose13.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.（分数：0.50）A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable14.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has l
22、earned.（分数：0.50）A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce15.Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.（分数：0.50）A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit16.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country“s economic proble
23、ms.（分数：0.50）A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant17.I don“t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.（分数：0.50）A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced18.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.（分数：0.50）A.formu
24、lationsB.standardsC.principlesD.notions19.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.（分数：0.50）A.regainingB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying20.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on a map.（分数：0.50）A.markB.allocateC.eraseD
25、.pose十、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not 1 known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; a
26、nd treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be 2 This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment.
27、3 , however, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what today“s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening
28、nor improved 4 , but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by 5 on the type of education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarett
29、e assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar 6 per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25
30、to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become 7 only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the in
31、cidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990“s or early in the next century, 8 prompt effective action is taken against the habitindeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the
32、world. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now 9 ; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are
33、 already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial 10 on many other diseases.（分数：10.00）A.hardlyB.neverC.lessD.reliablyA.treatmentB.cureC.preventionD.diagnosisA.AlthoughB.IfC.SinceD.UnlessA.healthB.controlC.environmentD.treatmentA.dealingB.expendingC.harde
34、ningD.inspectingA.containedB.deliveringC.adoptedD.regulatedA.sensitiveB.tightC.widespreadD.roughA.ifB.unlessC.providedD.whileA.hasB.emergesC.causesD.doesA.troubleB.marginsC.impactD.threat十一、Part Reading Compre(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Can the Internet help patients jump the line at
35、 the doctor“s office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits“ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 8,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the S
36、ilicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won“t have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometow
37、n can be a big chunk of time,“ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies. Doctors aren“t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent a
38、re interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. “We are not stupid,“ says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley Employers group. “Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work.“ In the pilot program, physicians will get $ 20 per online
39、 consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit. Doctors also fear they“ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what“s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx“s “Smart Symptom W
40、izard“ questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face to face visit. Can E-mail replace the doctor“s
41、 office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what“s wrongand to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor“s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor“s visits offer a “very narrow“ sliver of service between phone calls to a
42、n advice nurse and a visit to the clinic. The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet“s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “
43、a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,“ notes Michael Barrett, and analyst at Internet consulting from Forester Research. If the “Web visits“ succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren“t satisfied, figure on one more
44、E-health start-up to stand down.（分数：5.00）(1).The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of _.（分数：1.00）A.rewarding their employeesB.gratifying the local hospitalsC.boosting worker productivityD.testing a sophisticated technology(2).What can be learned about the on-line
45、doctor“s visits?（分数：1.00）A.They are a quite promising business.B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.(3).Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?（分数：1.00）A.Cisco System employees.B.Advice nurs
46、es in the clinic.C.Doctors at three local hospitals.D.Oracle executives.(4).According to Para. 2, doctors are _.（分数：1.00）A.reluctant to serve online for nothingB.not interested in web consultationC.too tired to talk to the patients onlineD.content with $20 paid per Web visit(5).“Smart Symptom Wizard
47、“ is capable of _.（分数：1.00）A.making diagnosesB.producing prescriptionsC.profiling patients“ illnessD.offering a treatment plan十三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is common to think that other animals are ruled by instinct whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by reason, and that this is why we a
48、re so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to t
49、he existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so wellbecause they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take normal behavior for granted. We do not realize that normal behavior needs to be explained at all. This instinct blindness makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the natural seem
