1、考博英语-61 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Those who let uncertainty _ rarely achieve much.（分数：1.00）A.turn them downB.send them downC.weigh them downD.huddle down2._popularity of subject matter and frequency of use, the books on the two middle shelves will be the most h
2、elpful to you.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As regardsC.As fromD.As against3.The speaker went on and on, _ to his listeners obvious boredom.（分数：1.00）A.obligatedB.obsessiveC.obviousD.oblivious4._ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders.（分数：1.00）A.PrimeB.HarassmentC.ConceitD.Pride5.The day was cr
3、isp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape.（分数：1.00）A.hidB.blurredC.relievedD.belittled6._this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enrol for the course.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As forC.As toD.As on7.Such _ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an
4、employer.（分数：1.00）A.advantagesB.traitsC.interestsD.shortcomings8.The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry.（分数：1.00）A.scopeB.magnitudeC.dimensionD.volume9.An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _
5、 argumentation in commercials.（分数：1.00）A.imperativeB.fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous10.I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring.（分数：1.00）A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.The jungles of the sub-Sahara, afflicted with tse-tse and mosquitos
6、, is an unhealthy area.（分数：1.00）A.requiring inoculation againstB.heated byC.flooded byD.plagued by12.The Salk polio vaccine provides immunity from that disease.（分数：1.00）A.securityB.publicityC.liabilityD.help13.Chaos theory stresses the magnitude of the results produced by so small an event as the fl
7、uttering of a butterflys wings.（分数：1.00）A.sizeB.volumeC.resultD.fame14.The Smithsonian houses a miscellaneous collection of aircraft, artifacts, butterflies, stones both precious and common, and so on.（分数：1.00）A.a heterogenousB.an overwhelmingC.a unifiedD.a vast15.He covered the fish lavishly with s
8、auce.（分数：1.00）A.sparinglyB.completelyC.generouslyD.simply16.The play was hilarious!（分数：1.00）A.a merry oneB.a prudish oneC.sedateD.prodigious17.Machiavelli cautions the prince not to relinquish power under passing duress.（分数：1.00）A.gainB.holdC.controlD.abandon18.Serial murderers rarely deviate from a
9、 certain type of prey.（分数：1.00）A.attackerB.nourishmentC.victimD.enemy19.He is constantly late, and ill-prepared when he does finally arrive. He is jeopardizing his future.（分数：1.00）A.developingB.endangeringC.assuringD.destroying20.The new guppies I bought have just a tinge of yellow.（分数：1.00）A.dotB.m
10、arkC.touchD.tingle三、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPassage One/BThousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In
11、 the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a
12、 very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light from the sun itself down to a humble match burning will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in
13、 a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources pro
14、duce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage a true surgi
15、cal wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future i
16、s likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.（分数：10.00）(1).Up until the 1960s the inst
17、ruments used to perform surgical operations were _.（分数：2.00）A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic(2).After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that _.（分数：2.00）A.medical help became available for industrial workers.B.the study of art went through a complete revolution.C.more and
18、 more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely(3).The laser beam is so strong because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it s
19、ends out heat in many different directions(4).Surgeons can now carry out operations which _.（分数：2.00）A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to th
20、e patients themselves(5).The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that _.（分数：2.00）A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancerBPas
21、sage Two/BIn 1885 Owen Wister (18501938) recorded that “it wont be a century before the West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own“ and he wanted “to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues and the vices of this extraordinary phase of Americ
22、an social progress.“ He never became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is still the most popular “Western“ novel ever published and the master design for the fiction of the Wild West.Th
23、e Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse opera“, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler
24、walks of life“, who sees through shams, defends justice and a ladys honor, shoots it out with the villain and conquers evil. Because of The Virginian, Wister created a character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the embodiment of certain American ideals-a man who is e
25、qual to all occasions, who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage fellow living among narrow-guage folk“. But the literary device and cowboy code which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This necessity for sanctioning murder and rom
26、anticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman prohibited The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic, the cowboy story.（分数：10.00）(1).O
27、wen Wister believed _.（分数：2.00）A.the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phaseB.the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male.C.the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by its moral code.D.none of these.(2).The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolsto
28、i implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.The Virginian is as great a novel as War and PeaceB.Wister underestimated himself as an authorC.Wister wanted to be a writer of light novelsD.as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so Wister would do for the society of the American West.(3).Sty
29、listically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it _.（分数：2.00）A.was written according to a pre-established formula.B.established the formula known as “horse opera“.C.followed the literary conventions of the day.D.abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones.(4).The popularity which w
30、as accorded The Virginian indicates that Wister _.（分数：2.00）A.realized his stated ambitionB.gave us an authentic account of the western experienceC.became the American TolstoiD.had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American aspirations(5).The author of the article believes that _.（分数
31、：2.00）A.The Virginian did not deserve the success it wonB.Wister made a definite contribution to American literatureC.Wister was a hackD.cowboy stories should be considered serious fictionBPassage Three/BDeath comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught unawares as they hap
32、pily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less ch
33、eerful.The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material: For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerou
34、s carpet. To the skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a hard base-the skiing that dreams are made of And sometimes nightmares.Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall a
35、nd in the weeks afterwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight inc
36、rease in the temperatures sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain.Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the
37、 snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skiers ignore the warni
38、ngs. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.（分数：10.00）(1).Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with death because _.（分数：2.00）A.they fail to real
39、ize how dangerous avalanches can beB.they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runsC.they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happenD.they ski great distances down the mountainsides(2).According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria before the accident happe
40、ned were _.（分数：2.00）A.perfect for the inexperienced skierB.unsafe because the new snow was covered with iceC.typical of conditions resulting in avalanchesD.suitable only for skiing locally(3).It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about because _.（分数：2.00）A.a particular section of
41、 snow is not thick enoughB.there is a slight fall in the temperatureC.heavy snowfalls turn into rainD.the ice between different sections of snow melts(4).In areas where avalanches are known to happen _.（分数：2.00）A.local residents stay indoors when the weather is badB.measures are taken to prevent ser
42、ious avalanchesC.small avalanches can easily be preventedD.skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position(5).Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if _.（分数：2.00）A.they stay on the officially approved slopesB.they ski only for pleasureC.they ski only at resorts
43、D.they choose less crowded ski slopesBPassage Four/BThe English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever th
44、e reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreig
45、ners she often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. A
46、n Englishman, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.“ Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immedia
47、tely suspect.In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc, often accompanied by appropriate gestures. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to displ
48、ay his feelings far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. Whereas a more emotional man might describe her as “an excellent jewel“, “extremely beautiful“, “precious“, the Englishman will flatly state “Urn, shes all right“. An Eng
49、lishman who has seen a highly successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “Its not bad, you know,“ or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.“ The overseas visitor must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest and involvement; he must realize that “all right“, “not had“, and “nice“, very often have the sense
