1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 131 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch“s daughter, Elisabeth
2、 spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions“. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism“ in society should be profit and the market. But “it“s us, human beings, we the people who create the society w
3、e want, not profit“. Driving her point home, she continued: “It“ s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding com
4、panies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludesfinding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his pred
5、ecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 20
6、01 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebek
7、ah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today“s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for wha
8、t happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth gener
9、ation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability. The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common
10、humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructionnor received traceable, recorded answers.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraph
11、s, Elisabeth was upset by（分数：2.00）A.the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.B.companies“ financial loss due to immoral practices.C.governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.D.the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that（分数：2.00）A.Glenn Mul
12、caire may deny phone hacking as a crime.B.more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C.Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D.phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.(3).The author believes that Rebekah Brooks“ s defence（分数：2.00）A.revealed a cunning personality.B
13、centered on trivial issues.C.was hardly convincing.D.was part of a conspiracy.(4).The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows（分数：2.00）A.generally distorted values.B.unfair wealth distribution.C.a marginalized lifestyle.D.a rigid moral code.(5).Which of the following is suggested in
14、the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The quality of writing is of primary importance.B.Common humanity is central to news reporting.C.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada , Miranda Priestly, playe
15、d by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn“ t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant“s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless fou
16、nd her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn“t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline“ s three-year indictment of “fast fashion“. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such
17、 as Zara, H her example can“ t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can“t afford not to.（分数：10.00）(1).Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（分
18、数：2.00）A.poor bargaining skill.B.insensitivity to fashion.C.obsession with high fashion.D.lack of imagination.(2).According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to（分数：2.00）A.combat unnecessary waste.B.shut out the feverish fashion world.C.resist the influence of advertisements.D.shop for thei
19、r garments more frequently.(3).The word “indictment“(Para. 2)is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.accusation.B.enthusiasm.C.indifference.D.tolerance.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B.The fast-fashion industry i
20、gnores sustainability.C.People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.(5).What is the subject of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B.Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D.Exposure o
21、f a mass-market secret.While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,“ according to Dr. Yehuda,
22、 chief psychiatrist at New York“s Veteran“ s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the s
23、tudies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman“ s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities“ for stress. “It“ s not necessarily that women don“ t
24、 cope as well. It“ s just that they have so much more to cope with,“ says Dr. Yehuda “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men“ s,“ she observes, “it“s just that they“re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.“ Dr. Yehuda n
25、otes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence tha
26、t women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.“ Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was
27、 determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.“ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It“ s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have
28、 a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck .“ Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez“ s experience
29、 demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B.Women are still suffering much
30、stress caused by men.C.Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.(2).Dr. Yehuda“s research suggests that women（分数：2.00）A.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.B.have limited capacity for tolerating stress.C.a
31、re more capable of avoiding stress.D.are exposed to more stress.(3).According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be（分数：2.00）A.domestic and temporary.B.irregular and violent.C.durable and frequent.D.trivial and random.(4).The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.“(Para. 5)shows
32、 that（分数：2.00）A.Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B.Alvarez“ s salary barely covered her household expenses.C.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D.Alvarez paid practically everything by check.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Strain of Stres
33、s: No Way Out?B.Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC.Stress Analysis: What Chemicals SayD.Gender Inequality: Women Under StressIn order to “change lives for the better“ and reduce “dependency“, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search“ scheme. Only if the j
34、obless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait f
35、or the jobseeker“s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on ,“ he claimed. “We“re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster“ Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socia
36、lly concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms“ to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness“
37、protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don“ t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financ
38、ially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and p
39、ay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of
40、 ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker“s allowanc
41、e“ is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker“ who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,“ conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at
42、 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.（分数：10.00）(1).George Osborne“ s scheme was intended to（分数：2.00）A.provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.B.encourage jobseekers“ active engagement in job seeking.C.motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.D.guarantee jobseekers“ l
43、egitimate right to benefits.(2).The phrase “to sign on“(Para. 2)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.B.to accept the government“s restrictions on the allowance.C.to register for an allowance from the government.D.to attend a governmental job-training pr
44、ogram.(3).What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?（分数：2.00）A.A desire to secure a better life for all.B.An eagerness to protect the unemployed.C.An urge to be generous to the claimants.D.A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.(4).According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one fe
45、el（分数：2.00）A.uneasy.B.enraged.C.insulted.D.guilty.(5).To which of the following would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The British welfare system indulges jobseekers“ laziness.B.Osborne“ s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.C.The jobseekers“ allowance has met their actual needs.D.
46、Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 131 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.
47、00）_解析：Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch“s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions“. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism“ in society should be profit and the market. But “it“
48、s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit“. Driving her point home, she continued: “It“ s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial conclu
