1、专业英语八级-试卷858及答案解析 (总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on A
2、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._How to Write a Book ReviewI. The definition
3、 of a book reviewA. a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a bookB. a summary of content and a(n)【T1】 1【T1】 2II. Two approaches to book reviewingA. the descriptive review giving the essential【T2】 3about a book【T2】 4B. the critical review describing and evaluating the bookIII. Basic requ
4、irements and minimum essentialsA. Knowledge of the book【T3】 5【T3】 6B. Mastery of the genre in the workC. Description, not a summary of the bookD. Something about, not a biography of, the authorE. 【T4】 7appraisal 【T4】 8IV. Five preliminary mechanical stepsA. Reading the book【T5】 9【T5】 10B. Noting eff
5、ective passages for 【T6】 11【T6】 12C. Noting your impressions as you readD.【T7】 13what you have read 【T7】 14E. Aiming at achieving a single impressionV. Starting the outlineA. Getting an over-all grasp of the organizationB. Determining the central point to be madeC. Eliminating【T8】 15or irrelevancies
6、 【T8】 16D. Filling in gaps or omissionsVI. Making the draftA. The opening paragraphin a position of emphasis, andsetting the【T9】 17of the paper 【T9】 18B. The main bodybeing【T10】 19organized by the outline【T10】 20logical development of the central pointC. The concluding paragraphsumming up or 【T11】 2
7、1【T11】 22making the【T12】 23【T12】 24introducing no new ideas VII. 【T13】 25the draft 【T13】 26A. Correcting all mistakes in【T14】 27【T14】 28B. Looking for unity, organization and logical developmentC. Verifying quotations for accuracy and 【T15】 29【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00
8、）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T
9、15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_3.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will b
10、e a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions._A.There are less college graduates this year.B.The government is funding unemployment scheme.C
11、.Employers are inclined to hire more graduates.D.Finance experts give some advice to graduates.A.Good economic environment.B.Good majors in colleges.C.The new policy on economy.D.Expansion of some large corporations.A.They are limited to 46, 000 dollars.B.They rise considerably compared with last.C.
12、They fall down in only 50 kinds of jobs.D.They stand still for engineering students.A.They offer new college graduates signing bonuses.B.Competition among employers becomes stronger.C.They favor new graduates from top universities.D.They tend to post recruiting ads on newspapers.A.Because it will re
13、duce the chance of getting a job.B.Because it is full of fraud.C.Because it will become the graduates only strategy.D.Because it is a waste of time.A.Joining various clubs in the campus.B.Taking internship before graduation.C.Attending relevant social functions.D.Seeking for peers on the Internet.A.
14、Get helpful advice on potential jobs.B.Learn practical skills of the future job.C.Ask for higher starting salaries.D.Send out resume on a massive scale.A.Asking as few questions as possible.B.Being confident to take charge.C.Stressing your qualification and education background.D.Being an active spe
15、aker rather than a listener.A.It helps develop the graduates confidence.B.It brings a positive effect to job hunters.C.It gets the graduates off the coach.D.It might be tracked by prospective employers.A.By sending them to training courses.B.By cutting off their financial aid.C.By living apart from
16、them.D.By helping them build up confidence.二、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：10，分数：44.00)4.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_5.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggeste
17、d answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._(1) Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent, but the tests that have to be applied to them are not, of course, the same in all cases. In Gandhis case the questions on feels inclined to ask
18、 are: to what extent was Gandhi moved by vanityby the consciousness of himself as a humble, naked old man, sitting on a praying mat and shaking empires by sheer spiritual powerand to what extent did he compromise his own principles by entering politics, which of their nature are inseparable from coe
19、rcion and fraud? To give a definite answer one would have to study Gandhis acts and writings in immense detail, for his whole life was a sort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant. But this partial autobiography, which ends in the nineteen-twenties, is strong evidence in his favor, all th
20、e more because it covers what he would have called the unregenerate part of 1 is life and reminds one that inside the saint, or near-saint, there was a very shrewd, able person who could, if he had chosen, have been a brilliant success as a lawyer, an administrator or perhaps even a businessman. (2)
21、 At about the time when the autobiography first appeared I remember reading its opening chapters in the ill-printed pages of some Indian newspaper. They made a good impression on me, which Gandhi himself at that time did not. The things that one associated with himhome-spun cloth, soul forces and ve
22、getarianismwere unappealing. It was also apparent that the British were making use of him, or thought they were making use of him. Strictly speaking, as a Nationalist, he was an enemy, but since in every crisis he would exert himself to prevent violencewhich, from the British point of view, meant pr
23、eventing any effective action whateverhe could be regarded as our man. In private this was sometimes cynically admitted. The attitude of the Indian millionaires was similar. Gandhi called upon them to repent, and naturally they preferred him to the Socialists and Communists who, given the chance, wo
24、uld actually have taken their money away. The British Conservatives only became really angry with him when, as in 1942, he was in effect turning his non-violence against a different conqueror. (3) But I could see even then that the British officials who spoke of him with a mixture of amusement and d
25、isapproval also genuinely liked and admired him, after a fashion. Nobody ever suggested that he was corrupt, or ambitious in any vulgar way, or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice. In judging a man like Gandhi one seems instinctively to apply high standards, so that some of his virtu
26、es have passed almost unnoticed. For instance, it is clear even from the autobiography that his natural physical courage was quite outstanding: the manner of his death was a later illustration of this, for a public man who attached any value to his own skin would have been more adequately guarded. A
27、gain, he seems to have been quite free from that maniacal suspiciousness which, as E. M. Forster rightly says in A Passage to India, is the besetting Indian vice, as hypocrisy is the British vice. Although no doubt he was shrewd enough in detecting dishonesty, he seems wherever possible to have beli
28、eved that other people were acting in good faith and had a better nature through which they could be approached. And though he came of a poor middle-class family, started life rather unfavorably, and was probably of unimpressive physical appearance, he was not afflicted by envy or by the feeling of
29、inferiority. Color feeling when he first met it in its worst form in South Africa, seems rather to have astonished him. Even when he was fighting what was in effect a color war, he did not think of people in terms of race or status. The governor of a province, a cotton millionaire, a half-starved Dr
30、avidian coolie, a British private soldier were all equally human beings, to be approached in much the same way. (4) Written in short lengths for newspaper serialization, the autobiography is not a literary masterpiece, but it is the more impressive because of the commonplaceness of much of its mater
31、ial. It is well to be reminded that Gandhi started out with the normal ambitions of a young Indian student and only adopted his extremist opinions by degrees and, in some cases, rather unwillingly. There was a time, it is interesting to learn, when he wore a top hat, took dancing lessons, studied Fr
32、ench and Latin, went up the Eiffel Tower and even tried to learn the violinall this was the idea of assimilating European civilization as thoroughly as possible. He was not one of those saints who are marked out by their phenomenal piety from childhood onwards, nor one of the other kind who forsake
33、the world after sensational debaucheries. He makes full confession of the misdeeds of his youth, but in fact there is not much to confess. (5) One feels that even after he had abandoned personal ambition he must have been a resourceful, energetic lawyer and a hard-headed political organizer, careful
34、 in keeping down expenses, an adroit handler of committees and an indefatigable chaser of subscriptions. His character was an extraordinarily mixed one, but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your finger on and call bad, and I believe that even Gandhis worst enemies would admit that he
35、was an interesting and unusual man who enriched the world simply by being alive. Whether he was also a lovable man, and whether his teachings can have much for those who do not accept the religious beliefs on which they are founded, I have never felt fully certain.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Para. 1,
36、 a testing criterion for Gandhis sainthood is to see if_.（分数：2.00）A.his major initiative for politics is monetary rewardB.his vanity is based on spiritual principlesC.coercion and fraud is related to his political compromiseD.his principles are overridden by his political needs(2).The author obvious
37、ly thinks that Gandhis autobiography _.（分数：2.00）A.tells the truth about the BritishB.excludes facts about his early lifeC.alters usual understanding of his personalityD.presents him as a complete saint(3).The British liked Gandhi because _.（分数：2.00）A.he prevented effective action in every crisisB.he
38、 incited action against Indias rich middle-classC.he cheated the British as well as his countrymenD.he lent himself for use by the British colonists(4).What is E. M. Forsters view?（分数：2.00）A.The Indians were defeated by British hypocrisy.B.The Indians were extraordinarily suspicious.C.Gandhi general
39、ly believed peoples good faith.D.Indias politics was affected by inferiority complex.(5).Which of the following does NOT describe Gandhi?（分数：2.00）A.Extraordinary physical courage.B.Abundant good faith.C.Strong sense of color feeling.D.Little feeling of inferiority.(1) In 1823, Thomas Jefferson wrote
40、: I am not fully informed of the practices at Harvard, but there is one from which we shall certainly vary, although it has been copied, I believe, by nearly every college and academy in the United States. That is, the holding the students all to one prescribed course of reading, and disallowing exc
41、lusive application to those branches only which are to qualify them for the particular vocations to which they are destined We shall, on the contrary, allow them uncontrolled choice in the lectures they shall choose to attend, and require elementary qualification only, and sufficient age. Unfortunat
42、ely, there is a steady push of students into the STEM subjects so they can get high-paying jobs when they are done. (2) This is college admissions decision seasona time when many young people have traditionally looked forward to an educational experience quite different from what they had (sometimes
43、 just endured) in high school. The days of checking off boxes to prove their worthiness to some future gatekeepers would be over. In college there might be requirements, but there would also be much more freedom, much more relevance, and much more intellectual excitement. (3) But the discourse about
44、 colleges and universities today is undermining these hopeful expectations. Everywhere one looks, from government statistics on earnings after graduation to a bevy of rankings that purport to show how to monetize your choice of major, the message to students is to think of their undergraduate years
45、as an economic investment that had better produce a substantial and quick return. (4) There are good reasons for this. One is the scourge of student indebtedness. When students graduate with mountains of debt, especially from shady institutions graduating a small percentage of those who enroll, they
46、 can fall into a vicious cycle of poor choices and ever more limited horizons. They are collateral damage in a world of rising tuition. While the wealthiest families have been benefiting from enormous tax breaks, many states have dis-invested in public universities, putting great pressure on these institutions to collect tuition dollars. Middle-class and low-income students often borrow those dollars to pay the bills. And the bills grow ever greater as
